scholarly journals Plant tissue tests for predicting nitrogen fertilizer requirements in spring wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-517
Author(s):  
Jari Peltonen
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Critical Components

Application of nitrogen (N) at sowing (basal N) alone is not always adequate for maximum yield and quality formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Because uptake and utilization ofN by the plant is influenced by many environmental and varietal factors, supplementary N may be needed during the growing season, too. Additional N can be applied at particular stages of the plant’s development (phenology) to produce the best result from its use. The applicability of plant tissue N concentration as a diagnostic tool for measuring the N status of a wheat stand to guide economical use of additional N application was reviewed here. On the basis of grain protein concentration data, growers producing spring wheat with consistently low protein concentration are advised to pursue a more vigorous and better planned N fertilization programme in their crops. Plant tissue N testing provides a useful method for the producer to annually optimize wheat grain yield and grain protein concentration. Knowledge of both these ‘critical components’ as determined by pre-harvest N levels of plant tissue and post-harvest grain protein concentration can be utilized for making both basal and supplemental N fertilizer recommendations.

Estimation of responses of yield and grain protein concentration of malting barley to nitrogen fertiliser using plant nitrogen uptake

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Birch ◽  
S. Fukai ◽  
I. J. Broad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrate N

The effect of nitrogen application on the grain yield and grain protein concentration of barley was studied in 13 field trials covering a wide range of soil N conditions over 4 years at locations in south-eastern Queensland. The main objectives of the study were to quantify the response of barley to N application rate over a range of environmental conditions, and to explain the response in terms of soil mineral N, total N uptake, and N distribution in the plants. Barley made efficient use of N (60 kg grain/kg N) until grain yield reached 90% of maximum yield. Grain protein concentration did not increase to levels unacceptable for malting purposes until grain yield exceeded 85–90% of maximum yield. Nitrogen harvest index was generally high (above 0·75), and did not decrease until the total N supply exceeded that necessary for maximum grain yield. Rates of application of N for malting barley should be determined on the basis of soil analysis (nitrate-N) to 1 m depth and 90% of expected maximum grain yield, assuming that 17 kg N is taken up per tonne of grain produced. It can further be assumed that the crop makes full use of the nitrate N to 1 m present at planting, provided the soil is moist to 1 m. A framework relating grain yield to total N uptake, N harvest index, and grain N concentration is presented. Further, total N uptake of fertilised barley is related to N uptake without fertiliser, fertiliser application rate, and apparent N recovery. The findings reported here will be useful in the development of barley simulation models and decision support packages that can be used to aid N management.

In-crop application effect of nitrogen fertilizer on grain protein concentration of spring wheat in the Canadian prairies

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H McKenzie ◽  
E. Bremer ◽  
C A Grant ◽  
A M Johnston ◽  
J. DeMulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Early Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution

Due to the price premium for high-protein wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), many producers are interested in the efficacy of in-crop application of low rates of N fertilizer for increasing grain protein concentration (GPC). We conducted field studies at 26 site-years in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba from 1998 to 2000 to determine if in-crop application (tillering, boot stage or anthesis) of N fertilizer [broadcast ammonium nitrate (AN) or foliar urea-ammonium-nitrate solution (UAN); 15 kg N ha-1] could economically increase GPC of a Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat cultivar (AC Barrie). Basal N fertilizer rates were 60 and 120 kg N ha-1. The average increase in GPC due to in-crop N application was 3 g kg-1. The increase in GPC was similar at basal N rates of 60 and 120 kg N ha-1. Broadcast AN and foliar-applied UAN were generally equally effective at increasing GPC, but were not more effective than application at the time of seeding. Late application tended to increase GPC more effectively than early application. The increase in GPC due to application of in-crop N was not economic at most sites in this study, but might be greater if applied under more N deficient conditions. Key words: Split N application, foliar, timing

Yield and quality of hard red spring wheat cultivars following fallow and wheat

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Carr ◽  
G. B. Martin ◽  
W. W. Poland
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat

Continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) and other intensive cropping systems are replacing t he wheat-fallow (WF) system in the semiarid prairie region of Canada and the northern USA. However, most wheat cultivar recommendations are based on performance in a WF system. Our objective was to determine if cultivar ranking for grain yield, grain protein concentration, and kernel weight changed for hard red spring wheat in WF compared with continuous wheat (WW) systems. Ten cultivars were seeded on a Dark Brown Chernozem loam following fallow and wheat over 3 consecutive years at Dickinson, ND, USA. Fertilizer was applied for equivalent yields in both systems based on soil test results. More grain and heavier kernels were produced during the crop phase of the WF system than the WW system, in part because soil-water content was greater after fallow than wheat in 2 of 3 yr. Grain protein concentration was unaffected by cropping system. Grain yield, grain protein concentration, and kernel weight differed among cultivars. Interactions did not occur between cropping systems and cultivars for any grain parameter. Results of this study support the hypothesis that wheat cultivar ranking based on performance in a WF system can be extended to a WW system. Key words: Crop rotation, cropping systems, fallow, monoculture, wheat

INTERGENOTYPIC COMPETITION IN BIBLENDS OF SPRING WHEAT

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-876
Author(s):  
J. M. MARTIN ◽  
W. L. ALEXANDER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Intergenotypic Competition

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs evaluate germplasm sources and/or segregating progenies comprising a mixture of genotypes. If intergenotypic competition is operating, then performance of mixtures of genotypes may not be indicative of the performance of its pure line components. Our objective was to measure and quantify intergenotypic competition in 1:1 mixtures of eight spring wheat cultivars representing both tall and semidwarf classes. The 28 possible 1:1 biblends plus the eight uniblends were evaluated in a replicated trial in 2 yr at Bozeman, Montana. Grain yield, test weight, and grain protein concentration were measured. Analysis of variance showed the eight cultivars differed as uniblends and for average performance in biblends for all three measured traits. Interactions, deviations of biblends from average performance of the two uniblend components, were detected for test weight and grain protein concentration in the first year and for grain yield in the second year and for grain protein concentration when combined over years. Intergenotypic competition reduced grain yield of biblends compared to uniblends in the second year but not in the first year. Grain protein concentration and test weight did not show a proportionate change in response to the reduced grain yield. General mixing effects isolated for each cultivar showed competitive ability could not be delineated on the basis of height class.Key words: Wheat, Triticum aestivum L., mixtures, competing ability

scholarly journals Stability analysis of stem solidness, grain yield and grain protein concentration in spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Subedi ◽  
Hector Carcamo ◽  
Janet Knodel ◽  
David Weaver ◽  
Richard Cuthbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stem Solidness

The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is a major pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the northern Great Plains where it is a constant threat in Montana and is resurging in Alberta, Saskatchewan and North Dakota. Adoption of solid-stemmed cultivars is an important management tool for wheat growers; however, the inconsistent pith expression first noted with the release of ‘Rescue’ has been repeatedly observed in modern cultivars such as ‘Lillian’ in Canada. Given the extensive hectares planted to solid-stemmed wheat cultivars during an outbreak, identification of cultivars that display stable stem solidness, grain yield and grain protein concentration across a wide range of environments where stem sawfly infestations occur is desirable. We assessed spring wheat plant responses in eight solid-stemmed and two hollow-stemmed genotypes grown across diverse environments using multiple statistical models. Study sites included southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Montana and North Dakota. Most models agreed that the genotypes, ‘Choteau’ ‘BW925’ and ‘Mott’ consistently displayed high and stable stem solidness concomitant with high grain yield. ‘Choteau’ and ‘BW925’ also consistently met or exceeded the desired threshold of a 3.75/5 pith rating (averaged from the lower four stem internodes) for optimum resistance whereas, ‘Mott’ developed optimal pith at a specific (early) phenological stage when resistance to WSS infestation is critical. Exploring stability of stem solidness identified ideal genotypes that would enhance germplasm development efforts, which exemplifies how this approach can facilitate the selection, production, and adoption of solid-stemmed wheat cultivars in regions prone to WSS attack.

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