Yield and quality of hard red spring wheat cultivars following fallow and wheat

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Carr ◽  
G. B. Martin ◽  
W. W. Poland
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat

Continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) and other intensive cropping systems are replacing t he wheat-fallow (WF) system in the semiarid prairie region of Canada and the northern USA. However, most wheat cultivar recommendations are based on performance in a WF system. Our objective was to determine if cultivar ranking for grain yield, grain protein concentration, and kernel weight changed for hard red spring wheat in WF compared with continuous wheat (WW) systems. Ten cultivars were seeded on a Dark Brown Chernozem loam following fallow and wheat over 3 consecutive years at Dickinson, ND, USA. Fertilizer was applied for equivalent yields in both systems based on soil test results. More grain and heavier kernels were produced during the crop phase of the WF system than the WW system, in part because soil-water content was greater after fallow than wheat in 2 of 3 yr. Grain protein concentration was unaffected by cropping system. Grain yield, grain protein concentration, and kernel weight differed among cultivars. Interactions did not occur between cropping systems and cultivars for any grain parameter. Results of this study support the hypothesis that wheat cultivar ranking based on performance in a WF system can be extended to a WW system. Key words: Crop rotation, cropping systems, fallow, monoculture, wheat

Effect of leaf spotting diseases on grain yield and seed traits of wheat in southern Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Weight Test

Although leaf spotting diseases have been reported to have a negative effect on grain yield and seed characteristics of wheat (Triticum spp.), the magnitude of such effects on wheat grown on dryland in southern Saskatchewan is not known. A fungicide experiment was conducted at Swift Current (Brown soil) and Indian Head (Black soil) from 1997 to 1999 to determine the effect of leaf spotting diseases on yield and seed traits of wheat. Two fungicides, Folicur 3.6F and Bravo 500, were applied at different growth stages on three common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and three durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) genotypes. Fungicide treatments generally did not affect yield, kernel weight, test weight or grain protein concentration, and these effects were relatively consistent among genotypes. Folicur applied at head emergence in 1997 and at flag leaf emergence and/or head emergence in 1998 increased yield at Indian Head (P < 0.05). Fungicides applied at and before flag leaf emergence tended to increase kernel weight. Grain protein concentration increased only in treatments of Bravo applications at Indian Head in 1998. These results suggested that under the dryland environment and management in southern Saskatchewan leaf spotting diseases generally have a small effect on yield, kernel weight, test weight and protein concentration. Key words: Wheat, leaf spotting diseases, fungicide, yield

Effects of post-anthesis water stress on the yield and grain protein concentration of barley grown at two levels of nitrogen

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fathi ◽  
G. K. McDonald ◽  
R. C. M. Lance
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
N Content ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration

The interaction between nitrogen (N) rate and post-anthesis moisture stress in 6 cultivars of barley (Clipper, Stirling, Weeah, Schooner, Chebec, and Skiff) was examined. Plants were grown in a glasshouse at 2 rates of N under well-watered conditions until 3 days after ear emergence, when the stress treatment was started. Yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) responses and changes in the dry matter and N content of the straw and grain in the main stem and tillers were examined separately. Nitrogen increased grain yield in all cultivars except Weeah, with Skiff and Stirling being the most responsive. Post-anthesis stress did not reduce yields at the low N rate but large reductions occurred at the high N rate in all cultivars; the yields of Stirling, Chebec, and Skiff were most affected. At the low N rate, stress did not significantly affect kernel weight and GPC, but kernel weight declined and GPC increased at the high N rate. Compared with the main stem, tillers produced smaller grain with a lower GPC. The responses to N and water stress, and the different sensitivities of cultivars to stress, were largely due to the effects of the treatments on the growth of the tillers. In Stirling, Chebec, and Skiff, grain yield and kernel weight from the tillers were greatly reduced by stress, whereas Clipper showed relatively little effect of N and stress on yield and kernel weight. Net remobilisation of dry matter was increased by stress but not by N treatment, and the amount remobilised varied between genotypes. At the high N rate, post-anthesis stress increased the N content per kernel and net remobilisation of N. Although genotypes differed in the net amount of N remobilised and in the N harvest index, there was little variation in GPC between cultivars. The work demonstrated that reductions in yield and kernel weight and increases in GPC from post-anthesis stress can be greater when plants are grown at a high rate of N than when the supply of N is limited. The different responses to stress and N among the 6 cultivars were associated, in part, with the pattern of tiller development. However, there appeared to be differences in the sensitivity of grain filling to stress independent of the responses in tillering. While the net remobilisation of dry matter and N differed between cultivars, the amounts did not appear to be related to differences in kernel weight or GPC.

Grain protein as a post-harvest index of N sufficiency for hard red spring wheat in the semiarid prairies

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Selles ◽  
R. P. Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Post Harvest

Results from fertilizer trials with hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) conducted throughout southwestern Saskatchewan under fallow and cereal stubble cropping conditions were used to determine if grain prote in concentration (GPC) could be used as an index of N sufficiency to the crop. Critical GPC were determined using the Cate-Nelson R2 procedure. Grain yield and protein concentration were negatively correlated under stubble and for fallow cropping when yields were below 2858 kg ha–1 ± 179, with grain protein decreasing by 15 mg g–1 for every 1000kg ha–1 yield increase. In these two groups of observations, water and N availability, N yield and grain produced per unit N available suggested that water availability was the dominant factor limiting grain yield. For the portion of fallow observations in which grain yields were higher than 2858 kg ha–1, water availability was not limiting, and N availability controlled grain yield and protein concentration. In this group, a GPC of 128 mg g–1 (range of 123 to 135 mg g–1) marked the transition between N deficiency and sufficiency. Under stubble cropping and for the lower-yielding portion of the fallow cropping system, where water stress was predominant, the Cate-Nelson analysis identified critical protein concentrations of 160 and 154 mg g–1, respectively. However, these critical concentrations separated populations into moderately and severely water-stressed crops, rather than providing a separation based on N availability. We concluded that GPC as a post-harvest index of N sufficiency must be used with caution in southwestern Saskatchewan. Grain protein concentration below the critical limit of 128 mg g–1 is a reliable indicator of low N sufficiency, but high grain protein does not necessarily imply N sufficiency because, frequently, grain yield and protein concentration are negatively correlated due to water stress. Key words: Yield, protein, N availability, critical levels, water stress

scholarly journals Stability analysis of stem solidness, grain yield and grain protein concentration in spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Subedi ◽  
Hector Carcamo ◽  
Janet Knodel ◽  
David Weaver ◽  
Richard Cuthbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stem Solidness

The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is a major pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the northern Great Plains where it is a constant threat in Montana and is resurging in Alberta, Saskatchewan and North Dakota. Adoption of solid-stemmed cultivars is an important management tool for wheat growers; however, the inconsistent pith expression first noted with the release of ‘Rescue’ has been repeatedly observed in modern cultivars such as ‘Lillian’ in Canada. Given the extensive hectares planted to solid-stemmed wheat cultivars during an outbreak, identification of cultivars that display stable stem solidness, grain yield and grain protein concentration across a wide range of environments where stem sawfly infestations occur is desirable. We assessed spring wheat plant responses in eight solid-stemmed and two hollow-stemmed genotypes grown across diverse environments using multiple statistical models. Study sites included southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Montana and North Dakota. Most models agreed that the genotypes, ‘Choteau’ ‘BW925’ and ‘Mott’ consistently displayed high and stable stem solidness concomitant with high grain yield. ‘Choteau’ and ‘BW925’ also consistently met or exceeded the desired threshold of a 3.75/5 pith rating (averaged from the lower four stem internodes) for optimum resistance whereas, ‘Mott’ developed optimal pith at a specific (early) phenological stage when resistance to WSS infestation is critical. Exploring stability of stem solidness identified ideal genotypes that would enhance germplasm development efforts, which exemplifies how this approach can facilitate the selection, production, and adoption of solid-stemmed wheat cultivars in regions prone to WSS attack.

Registration of ‘Bolles’ Hard Red Spring Wheat with High Grain Protein Concentration and Superior Baking Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Anderson ◽  
J. J. Wiersma ◽  
G. L. Linkert ◽  
S. K. Reynolds ◽  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Baking Quality

Crop and soil nitrogen status of tilled and no-tillage systems in semiarid regions of Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
B G McConkey ◽  
D. Curtin ◽  
C A Campbell ◽  
S A Brandt ◽  
F. Selles
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil

We examined 1990-1996 crop and soil N data for no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems from four long-term tillage studies in semiarid regions of Saskatchewan for evidence that the N status was affected by tillage system. On a silt loam and clay soil in the Brown soil zone, spring what (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and protein concentration were lower for NT compared with tilled (CT or MT) systems for a fallow-wheat (F-WM) rotation. Grain protein concentration for continuous wheat (Cont W) was also lower for NT than for MT. For a sandy loam soil in the Brown soil zone, durum (Triticum durum L.) grain protein concentration was similar for MT and NT for both Cont W and F-W, but NT had higher grain yield than MT (P < 0.05 for F-W only). For a loam soil in the Dark Brown soil zone, wheat grain yield for NT was increased by about 7% for fallow-oilseed-wheat (F-O-W) and wheat-oilseed-wheat (W-O-W) rotations. The higher grain yields for NT reduced grain protein concentration by dilution effect as indicated by similar grain N yield. However, at this site, about 23 kg ha-1 more fertilizer N was required for NT than for CT. Elimination of tillage increased total organic N in the upper 7.5 cm of soil and N in surface residues. Our results suggest that a contributing factor to decreased availability of soil N in medium- and fine-textured soils under NT was a slower rate of net N mineralization from organic matter. Soil nitrates to 2.4 m depth did not indicate that nitrate leaching was affected by tillage system. Current fertilizer N recommendations developed for tilled systems may be inadequate for optimum production of wheat with acceptable grain protein under NT is semiarid regions of Saskatchewan. Key words: Tillage intensity, N availability, soil N fractions, N mineralization, crop residue decomposition, grain protein

Effect of weeds and nitrogen fertiliser on yield and grain protein concentration of wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason ◽  
RW Madin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Field trials at Beverley (19911, Salmon Gums (1991; 2 sites) and Merredin (1992; 2 sites), each with 5 rates of nitrogen (N) and 3 levels of weed control, were used to investigate the effect of weeds and N on wheat grain yield and protein concentration during 1991 and 1992. Weeds in the study were grasses (G) and broadleaf (BL). Weeds reduced both vegetative dry matter yield and grain yield of wheat at all sites except for dry matter at Merredin (BL). Nitrogen fertiliser increased wheat dry matter yield at all sites. Nitrogen increased wheat grain yield at Beverley and Merredin (BL), but decreased yield at both Salmon Gums sites in 1991. Nitrogen fertiliser increased grain protein concentration at all 5 sites-at all rates for 3 sites [Salmon Gums (G) and (BL) and Merredin (G)] and at rates of 69 kg N/ha or more at the other 2 sites [Beverley and Merredin (BL)]. However, the effect of weeds on grain protein varied across sites. At Merredin (G) protein concentration was higher where there was no weed control, possibly due to competition for soil moisture by the greater weed burden. At Salmon Gums (G), grain protein concentration was greater when weeds were controlled than in the presence of weeds, probably due to competition for N between crop and weeds. In the other 3 trials, there was no effect of weeds on grain protein. The effect of weeds on grain protein appears complex and depends on competition between crop and weeds for N and for water at the end of the season, and the interaction between the two.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variationin Dry Weight and Nitrogen Concentration of Wheat Plant Parts; Relations to Grain Yield and Grain Protein Concentration

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hafeez Malik ◽  
Allan Andersson ◽  
Ramune Kuktaite ◽  
Muhammad Yaqub Mujahid ◽  
Bismillah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Plant Parts

scholarly journals AAC Redstar hard red spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew James Burt ◽  
D.G. Humphreys ◽  
J. Mitchell Fetch ◽  
Denis Green ◽  
Thomas Fetch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AAC Redstar is an early maturing, high yielding hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that is well adapted to the northern Canadian Prairies and eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat. Over three years (2016-2018) of testing in the Parkland Wheat Cooperative registration trials, AAC Redstar was 11% higher yielding than AC Splendor, 6% higher than Parata, and 4% higher than Glenn and Carberry. AAC Redstar matured 3 days earlier than Glenn, 2 days earlier than Carberry and had similar maturity to Parata. AAC Redstar was shorter than all checks except Carberry and had better lodging resistance compared to all the check cultivars in the registration trial. The test weight and thousand kernel weight of AAC Redstar were similar to Carberry. The grain protein concentration of AAC Redstar was 0.2% lower than Carberry. AAC Redstar was rated moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, stripe rust and common bunt. AAC Redstar had resistant reactions to loose smut, and stem rust. AAC Redstar was registered under the CWRS market class.

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