scholarly journals Studies on fertilization of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): I Herb yield of dill and basil affected by fertilization

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
S. Hälvä ◽  
L. Puukka
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Total N ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
One Year ◽  
Herb Yield

Fertilization of dill and basil was studied in 1984 and 1985 in Helsinki, both basic fertilization and N top-dressing being included. The total N doses were 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 kg N/100 m2 for dill and 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 kg N/100 m2 for basil. The optimum basic fertilization for dill and basil was a compound fertilizer of the rate (NPK) of 0.4—0.16—0.68 kg/100 m2. In one year basil received a benefit from N top-dressing corresponding to total application of 0.8 kg N/100 m2. Estimating the yield by the amount of N fertilizer indicated that dill yield would increase up to the fertilizing rate of 1.15 and basil yield up to 1.0 (in 1985) or 1.50 (in 1984) kg N/100 m2 after which the herb yields will decrease. The dry matter content of dill decreased and the nitrate concentration of both dill and basil increased as the fertilization increased. Basil was severely damaged by fungus diseases, the more fertilization was applied.

Effect of cereal and pea monocultures and combinations and silage additives on whole-crop cereal silage nutritive and fermentation characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Silage Additives

The efficient production and utilisation of home-grown feed is considered one of the key factors that underpins the profitability of dairy systems in southern Australia. The use of winter forage cereals for grazing and silage provides an opportunity to achieve high dry matter yields over the winter and spring period. However, questions remain on the nutritive value of whole-crop cereal silage and its subsequent use as a production feed in livestock systems. This experiment examined the nutritive characteristics of winter wheat, triticale, forage peas and bi-crops of cereals and peas sown at different proportions, cut for silage at the soft dough growth stage of the cereals and their subsequent silage nutritive characteristics and fermentation patterns when ensiled with and without bacterial inoculant additives over 2 consecutive years. The estimated metabolisable energy (ME) (Year 1) and crude protein (CP) (Years 1 and 2) concentrations of the forage pea before and after ensiling were higher (P < 0.05) than all other forages in both years. The cereal–pea mixes had similar estimated ME values to the cereal monocultures both before harvesting and as silage, although there were significant improvements in CP concentration at the higher rates of pea inclusion. All resultant silages were well fermented as indicated by low pH, low proportions of total N as ammonia-N and high lactic acid concentrations. There were marked differences in the proportions of lactic acid and acetic acid in the pea silages between years and this is likely a result of dry matter content differences at ensiling. There was no effect of silage additives on resultant silage nutritive characteristics or fermentation parameters indicating that well fermented silage can be achieved without the additional cost of using a silage additive. This study has indicated that forage peas can be ensiled with winter cereals and produce silages that have higher CP concentrations than cereal silage but with similar fermentation parameters. Furthermore, this experiment has highlighted the potential of growing a monoculture of forage peas for ensiling with the resulting silage having higher estimated ME and CP concentrations.

scholarly journals Diurnal variations in the excretion of faeces and urine by sheep fed once daily or at hourly intervals

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Minson ◽  
J. L. Cowper
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Automatic Feeder ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration ◽  
Continuous Background ◽  
Total Urine

1. A machine is described which automatically releases previously weighed rations to individually penned sheep at hourly intervals for 24 h. 2. Six sheep were kept in a room with constant light, temperature and continuous background noise and given 912 g lucerne daily at 10.00 h or at hourly intervals by means of the automatic feeder. Faeces and urine were collected every 2 h. 3. Hourly feedings reduced the variation between 2-hourly collection periods by 47, 87, 90, 85, 70 and 91% for total dry-matter content of the faeces, faeces dry-matter concentration, total urine output, urine specific gravity, urine nitrogen concentration and total N content of the urine respectively.

scholarly journals Studies on fertilization of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) lll Oil yield of basil affected by fertilization

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hälvä
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Total N ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Crop Stand

Basic fertilization and nitrogen top-dressing of basil was studied in 1984 and 1985 at the Department of Horticulture, University of Helsinki. The total N doses applied were 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 kg N/100 m2. In 1984 the plants were of a mixture of different fenotypes and two of those formed 85 % of the crop-stand. In 1985 the variety grown was ’Budakalasz’. The optimum basic fertilization proved to be a compound fertilizer at the rate (NPK) of 0.4—0.16—0.68 kg/100 m2. The content of volatile oils in dried herb ranged from 0.32 to 1.46 %. The total oil content was not significantly affected by fertilization except in 1984 when the fertilization decreased the oil content in the other of those two major fenotypes.

scholarly journals Studies on fertilization of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): II Oil yield of dill affected by fertilization

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-45
Author(s):  
S. Hälvä ◽  
R. Huopalahti ◽  
S. Mäkinen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aroma Compound ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Herb Yield

The influence of different levels of basic fertilization and nitrogen top-dressing on the herb and oil yield of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) was studied in 1984 and 1985 in Finland. The total nitrogen doses were 0, 15, 30, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg/ha. The crop in 1984 yielded 12 000—34 000 kg/ha fresh dill herb and 10.3—21.1 kg/ha essential oil. The figures in 1985 were 10600—21 000 and 9.4—16.6 kg/ha, respectively. Of the 22 volatile components identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, the four most abundant compounds were analysed quantitatively. These compounds were a-phellandrene, 3,6-dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran, β-phellandrene and limonene, composing 70—95 % of the total aroma content. The optimum basic fertilization for the herb yield proved to be a compound fertilizer of the rate of 40-16-68 kg NPK/ha. The small nitrogen doses (30—40kg N/ha) gave also good results in respect to oil yield and the amount of 3,6-dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran, the most important aroma compound in the dill herb.

Dry matter yield and nitrogen content in Lupinus spp. (Leguminosae) with potential as a green manure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zapata Hernández ◽  
Rodríguez Macías ◽  
P. M. García López ◽  
E. Salcedo Perez ◽  
A. Lara Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plants

The potential of Lupinus exaltatus, L. mexicanus, and L. rotundiflorus foliage as green manure in terms of total dry matter production and nitrogen (N) content was evaluated. This study was conducted from November 2015 to March 2016 in Zapopan Jalisco, México. The experiment was established in a randomized 3×7 block factorial design. Whole plants, leaves and stems were collected at different periods after sowing and analyzed for N and dry matter content. At the start of the experimental period, a slow growth was observed, based on dry matter production; however, at 93 days after sowing, both biomass and total N increased in the aerial part. The lowest and highest N content was found in L. rotundiflorus (1.2 to 4.0%).The highest dry matter and N accumulated in whole plants were found in L. exaltatus at 169 days after sowing with 21,605 and 410.6 kg ha-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of dairy shed effluent dry matter content on ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from a pasture soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 1070-1078
Author(s):  
T. J. Clough ◽  
N. Balaine ◽  
K. C. Cameron ◽  
S. O. Petersen ◽  
S. G. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
And Control

AbstractAtmospheric emissions of nitrogen (N) from New Zealand dairy farms are significant but have the potential to be affected by manure management prior to land application. The current work examined whether reducing cattle manure dry matter (DM) from 0.16 high DM (HDM) to 0.06 low DM (LDM), to enhance infiltration and reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions when applied to grassland, would affect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Pasture was cut, simulating grazing, and either amended with HDM (173 kg N/ha) or LDM manure (48 kg N/ha) or left unamended. Ammonia emissions from HDM manure were higher than from LDM manure, as a flux or as a percentage of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN, i.e. NH3 + NH4+) applied, due to more TAN being retained near the soil surface and the higher soil surface pH under HDM manure treatment. Cumulative N2O emissions over 37 days from HDM plots were higher than from the control but not from the LDM plots. After 5 days, the daily N2O emission rate was larger from HDM plots than from LDM and control plots. The N2O fluxes from LDM and HDM treatments did not differ, either as a proportion of TAN applied or as a proportion of total-N applied. Increasing DM contributed to reductions in both oxygen (O2) availability and relative gas diffusivity, and thus potentially N2O production. Under the conditions of the current study, lower manure DM content reduced NH3 emissions but did not increase cumulative losses of N2O.

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN RATES AND HARVEST SCHEDULES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF WESTERWOLDS RYEGRASS GROWN AS A SUMMER ANNUAL

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Westerwolds ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ’Promenade’) was grown on fine sandy and light loam soils. Nitrogen was applied at 40, 80, or 120 kg/ha after emergence and after both the first and second harvests. The 1st harvest under schedules A, B and C was on 10, 15 and 22 July followed by the 2nd harvest in 28, 37 and 40 days and the 3rd harvest in 30, 50 and 37 days after the 2nd harvest, respectively. The 4th harvest for schedule A was 46 days after the 3rd harvest. Mean dry matter yields ranged from 6.26 to 9.03 t/ha, total N in tissue from 2.09 to 2.99%, in vitro digestibility of dry matter from 73.3 to 76.3%, and dry matter content from 12.1 to 14.1% depending on the N rate and/or harvest schedule. Nitrate-N concentration in plant tissue was low for 40 and 80 kg/N/ha/application but reached up to 0.45% for the 120 kg/ha/application under harvest schedule A. Yield distribution within the season was most uniform for schedule B. A 3-harvest schedule with 80 kg/ha of applied N at seeding and after the 1st and 2nd harvests was suitable management for Promenade Westerwolds ryegrass in this region.

Agronomic comparison of four Panicum hybrids and two cultivars at three cutting intervals ¡n Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Antonio Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
Adolfo Quiles-Belén ◽  
Salvio Torres-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
One Year

Three of the main problems associated with breeding guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.), an important tropical forage, are seed shattering; low germination rate; and reproduction, which is by apomixis. Three hybrids were developed at the Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) of the USDA-ARS, from sexual female plants and apomictic selections of guineagrass. In addition, an interspecific hybrid, BPIH104, was made from a cross between Brachiaria purpurascens Raddl and Panicum coloratum L.  The four hybrids, common guineagrass, and Tobiata, an introduction from Brazil, were evaluated at 4-, 6-, and 8-wk cutting intervals (Cl) during one year in a randomized splft-plot design with four replications. Mean dry matter content (DMC), dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein yield (CPY), and plant height (PHt) increased (P < 0.01) from the 4- to the 8-wk Cl, but mean crude protein concentration (CPC) decreased (P < 0.01). In vitro dry mater digestibility (IVDMD) decreased (P < 0.01) only from the 4- to 8-wk Cl. DMC, CPY, and PHt were positively correlated, and CPC and IVDMD negatively correlated, with DMY. At the 8-wk Cl, Tobiata and BPIH104 were the top yielders with annual yields equivalent to 43 and 41 t/ha, respectively. These and the other hybrids deserve further evaluation under grazing management in Puerto Rico.

Chemical composition of clamped and baled grass silages harvested in England and Wales and relationships between dry matter content, pH and volatile N

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. FIELD ◽  
D. WILMAN ◽  
D. J. C. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The paper reports a study of the chemical composition of 25400 grass silages produced in England and Wales, of which 1040 were from the period 1961–63, 17900 (15480 clamped and 2420 baled) were from 1982–88 and 6460 (5640 clamped and 820 baled) were from 1992–93. A sample of each silage had been analysed for dry matter (DM), pH, crude protein (CP) and volatile N and in most cases for ash.The baled silages were drier on average than the clamped silages, with a wider spread of DM contents. The clamped silages with the lowest pH on average were those with a DM content of c. 240 g/kg; clamped silages wetter than this were progressively higher in pH with reduction in DM content; clamped and baled silages drier than 240 g/kg were progressively higher in pH with increase in DM content, up to pH 5·9 in baled silages of 580 g DM/kg. At a given DM content pH was on average 0·6 units higher in baled than in clamped silages. The ash content of baled silages was similar to that of clamped silages. There was an increase in the mean CP content of clamped silages between 1961–63 and 1992–93 and a reduction in the proportion of CP which was volatile. The relationship between DM and volatile N as a proportion of total N was a curve rather than a straight line, with the steepest part of the curve at the lower end of the DM range. The wet silages harvested in 1961–63 were particularly high in volatile N. At a given DM content in the range 170–320 g/kg, volatile N was rather higher in baled than in clamped silages in both 1982–88 and 1992–93. Clamped silages with a DM content of at least 250 g/kg and baled silages with a DM content of at least 310 g/kg were typically well preserved in the sense of having <100 g volatile N/kg total N.

scholarly journals Variation in ‘Sharwil’ Avocado Maturity during the Harvest Season and Resistance to Fruit Fly Infestation

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1655-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Chen ◽  
Marisa M. Wall ◽  
Robert E. Paull ◽  
Peter A. Follett
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
One Year ◽  
Fruit Flavor

Avocados cannot be exported from Hawaii to the continental United States without a quarantine treatment to prevent the spread of fruit flies. Research was conducted on the maturity and infestation potential of ‘Sharwil’ avocados to assist in development of a multicomponent systems approach for quarantine security. Changes in fruit dry matter content and oil content were determined throughout the harvest season for ‘Sharwil’ avocados grown at three orchard elevations over two production seasons. Also, the ability to infest fruit with Mediterranean fruit fly and oriental fruit fly was measured throughout the harvest season and during fruit ripening. Fruit quality was consistent from one year to the next, regardless of orchard elevation, however, the time of harvest within a production season impacted avocado quality. Late season fruit had higher dry matter and oil contents, were smaller in size, and had a shorter shelf life than early and midseason fruit, but fruit flavor and texture did not change throughout the season. Mean dry matter content ranged from 32% (30 Jan.) to 38% (24 Apr.) in 2007 and from 29% (8 Jan.) to 40% (29 Apr.) in 2008. Percentage of oil content ranged from 21% to 25% in 2007 and from 18% to 28% in 2008. ‘Sharwil’ fruit with a minimum mean oil content of 18% had 29% dry matter and acceptable sensory quality. The dry matter and oil contents of individual avocados were highly correlated (r = 0.97). Avocado was a poor fruit fly host immediately after harvest but became an increasingly favorable host as fruit ripened. Fruit fly infestation rates were similar among early, mid- and late season fruit. The results could be used to develop a maturity standard for ‘Sharwil’ avocados based on dry matter content at harvest, and to develop guidelines for postharvest practices of a systems approach for quarantine security.

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