scholarly journals Diurnal variations in the excretion of faeces and urine by sheep fed once daily or at hourly intervals

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Minson ◽  
J. L. Cowper
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Automatic Feeder ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration ◽  
Continuous Background ◽  
Total Urine

1. A machine is described which automatically releases previously weighed rations to individually penned sheep at hourly intervals for 24 h. 2. Six sheep were kept in a room with constant light, temperature and continuous background noise and given 912 g lucerne daily at 10.00 h or at hourly intervals by means of the automatic feeder. Faeces and urine were collected every 2 h. 3. Hourly feedings reduced the variation between 2-hourly collection periods by 47, 87, 90, 85, 70 and 91% for total dry-matter content of the faeces, faeces dry-matter concentration, total urine output, urine specific gravity, urine nitrogen concentration and total N content of the urine respectively.

scholarly journals Sowing methods of maise for hay in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
N. I. Kashevarov ◽  
A. A. Polishchuk ◽  
A. N. Lebedev ◽  
V. I. Ponamareva ◽  
M. V. Khazov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration ◽  
Sowing Experiment ◽  
Matter Concentration

The authors showed the results of studies of productivity parameters of different early maturing maise hybrids depending on the method of sowing. Experiment included 5 variants: single- seeded hybrids Kubansky 101 and Kubansky 500, Kubansky 101 + Kubansky 500 (50 + 50% of the full seeding rate), Kubansky 101 + Kubansky 500 (25 + 75%) and Kubansky 101 + Kubansky 500 (75 + 25%). The authors carried out a biological yield survey on 10 September. This recording showed that the ultra-early-ripening hybrid Kubansky 101 CB was in the phase of milk-wax maturity of the grain, and the late-ripening Kubansky 500 CB was in the phase of cob formation. In single-species crops, the yields were naturally higher. The late-maturing hybrid yielded 82.0 t/ha, 38.1 t/ha higher than the ultra-maturing hybrid. However, the dry matter yield of the second hybrid was 15.9 % higher, and the cob yield was 29 % higher. The dry matter concentration of the hybrid Kubansky 500 was only 18.8 %. The hybrid Kubansky 101 CB had a dry matter concentration of 34.7 %. Different variations with the ratio of hybrids of different ripeness groups in the sowing showed that in green matter yield, the variants where the proportion of late-ripening hybrid is higher are superior. Thus, the presence of 75% hybrid Kubansky 500 CB allowed obtaining the highest yield of 77.2 t/ha. This yield is almost two times higher than the yield of the single-variety ultra-ripening hybrid (43.9 t/ha). However, the dry matter concentration here was 20.2 %. According to the biochemical analysis of the silage batches harvested, all the forages were benign. No oily acid was detected, and lactic acid predominated over acetic acid. Hay prepared from hybrid Kubansky 101 SV was 33.8% in dry matter content, which compares favourably with silage prepared from hybrid Kubansky 500 SV and mixtures with Kubansky 101 SV. The hybrid Kubansky 500 SV and mixtures with Kubansky 101 SV accounted for 21 % dry matter content. In silage prepared from hybrid Kubansky 101 SV, the percentage of dry matter is 24.2-25 %.

Effect of cereal and pea monocultures and combinations and silage additives on whole-crop cereal silage nutritive and fermentation characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Silage Additives

The efficient production and utilisation of home-grown feed is considered one of the key factors that underpins the profitability of dairy systems in southern Australia. The use of winter forage cereals for grazing and silage provides an opportunity to achieve high dry matter yields over the winter and spring period. However, questions remain on the nutritive value of whole-crop cereal silage and its subsequent use as a production feed in livestock systems. This experiment examined the nutritive characteristics of winter wheat, triticale, forage peas and bi-crops of cereals and peas sown at different proportions, cut for silage at the soft dough growth stage of the cereals and their subsequent silage nutritive characteristics and fermentation patterns when ensiled with and without bacterial inoculant additives over 2 consecutive years. The estimated metabolisable energy (ME) (Year 1) and crude protein (CP) (Years 1 and 2) concentrations of the forage pea before and after ensiling were higher (P < 0.05) than all other forages in both years. The cereal–pea mixes had similar estimated ME values to the cereal monocultures both before harvesting and as silage, although there were significant improvements in CP concentration at the higher rates of pea inclusion. All resultant silages were well fermented as indicated by low pH, low proportions of total N as ammonia-N and high lactic acid concentrations. There were marked differences in the proportions of lactic acid and acetic acid in the pea silages between years and this is likely a result of dry matter content differences at ensiling. There was no effect of silage additives on resultant silage nutritive characteristics or fermentation parameters indicating that well fermented silage can be achieved without the additional cost of using a silage additive. This study has indicated that forage peas can be ensiled with winter cereals and produce silages that have higher CP concentrations than cereal silage but with similar fermentation parameters. Furthermore, this experiment has highlighted the potential of growing a monoculture of forage peas for ensiling with the resulting silage having higher estimated ME and CP concentrations.

The effect of dry matter concentration on component digestibility and retention in growing/finishing pigs fed diets varying only in water:dry matter ratio

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
J.E. Thompson ◽  
J. Wiseman ◽  
B.P. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration ◽  
Matter Concentration

There is potential for improving the growth performance of pigs through a better understanding of factors that influence the digestibility of nutrients and energy in liquid feeds. These factors include dry matter content and the size and distribution of particles of the dry feed components within the liquid diet. The objective of the current study was to determine if changing the dry matter concentration of liquid feeds affects the digestibility and retention of nutrients and energy in pigs growing from 35kg to 95kg live weight.

Diurnal changes in the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates in Phalaris aquatica L. pasture in spring, and the effect of short-term shading

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Ciavarella ◽  
R. J. Simpson ◽  
H. Dove ◽  
B. J. Leury ◽  
I. M. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Early Afternoon

The concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and its components, starch, total nitrogen, and dry matter of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Australian) pasture were varied by shading for periods ranging from 38.5 to 46.5 h. In unshaded pasture, WSC concentrations were lowest at sunrise [103 mg/g dry matter (DM)] and increased until early afternoon (to 160 mg/g DM). Sucrose and starch increased in concentration during daylight, whilst the concentrations of glucose, fructose, fructan, and a component of WSC considered to be mainly the carbohydrate moiety of glycoside(s) were relatively constant. The concentrations of starch, and all components of WSC except sucrose, were reduced by shading, but increased to the concentrations observed in the unshaded pasture within 2–4 h after removal of the cover. The fructans present in phalaris were determined to be oligosaccharides of degree of polymerisation (DP) 3 and DP 4 and high molecular mass fructans with DP >10. Nitrogen concentration of shaded pasture was initially higher (4.7% DM) than in unshaded pasture (3.9% DM), but decreased after removal of the shade cover. Dry matter content was reduced in shaded pasture, partly due to increased retention of water on the exterior of plants. The experiment was a precursor for a grazing trial in which the WSC content of pasture was to be altered by shading. It indicated that shading would potentially alter WSC and N concentrations, and DM content, but would have only a relatively small impact on the digestibility of the pasture.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer applied to seed crops on seed yields and regrowth of progeny tubers in potatoes

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields

SUMMARYThree experiments, carried out in 3 years (1972–5), which examined the effects of a wide range of rates of nitrogen fertilizer applied to seed crops of Home Guard on seed and progeny crop growth are reported. There was little effect of increasing rate of N application over the range 0–300 kg/ha on seed yield, and the results suggested that very low rates of nitrogen fertilizer (< 75 kg/ha) were required for maximum seed yield in mid-Wales. Increasing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer above 304 kg/ha delayed growth and decreased yield in seed crops. Although increasing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer in seed crops delayed senescence and increased the nitrogen concentration of tubers, there were few consistent effects on sprouting or growth of progeny crops.Close negatively quadratic relationships were found between the dry-matter content of tubers and their size. The dry-matter content of all sizes of tubers increased during growth, but there were no effects of nitrogen on dry-matter content.

Dry matter yield and nitrogen content in Lupinus spp. (Leguminosae) with potential as a green manure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zapata Hernández ◽  
Rodríguez Macías ◽  
P. M. García López ◽  
E. Salcedo Perez ◽  
A. Lara Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plants

The potential of Lupinus exaltatus, L. mexicanus, and L. rotundiflorus foliage as green manure in terms of total dry matter production and nitrogen (N) content was evaluated. This study was conducted from November 2015 to March 2016 in Zapopan Jalisco, México. The experiment was established in a randomized 3×7 block factorial design. Whole plants, leaves and stems were collected at different periods after sowing and analyzed for N and dry matter content. At the start of the experimental period, a slow growth was observed, based on dry matter production; however, at 93 days after sowing, both biomass and total N increased in the aerial part. The lowest and highest N content was found in L. rotundiflorus (1.2 to 4.0%).The highest dry matter and N accumulated in whole plants were found in L. exaltatus at 169 days after sowing with 21,605 and 410.6 kg ha-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of dairy shed effluent dry matter content on ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from a pasture soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 1070-1078
Author(s):  
T. J. Clough ◽  
N. Balaine ◽  
K. C. Cameron ◽  
S. O. Petersen ◽  
S. G. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
And Control

AbstractAtmospheric emissions of nitrogen (N) from New Zealand dairy farms are significant but have the potential to be affected by manure management prior to land application. The current work examined whether reducing cattle manure dry matter (DM) from 0.16 high DM (HDM) to 0.06 low DM (LDM), to enhance infiltration and reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions when applied to grassland, would affect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Pasture was cut, simulating grazing, and either amended with HDM (173 kg N/ha) or LDM manure (48 kg N/ha) or left unamended. Ammonia emissions from HDM manure were higher than from LDM manure, as a flux or as a percentage of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN, i.e. NH3 + NH4+) applied, due to more TAN being retained near the soil surface and the higher soil surface pH under HDM manure treatment. Cumulative N2O emissions over 37 days from HDM plots were higher than from the control but not from the LDM plots. After 5 days, the daily N2O emission rate was larger from HDM plots than from LDM and control plots. The N2O fluxes from LDM and HDM treatments did not differ, either as a proportion of TAN applied or as a proportion of total-N applied. Increasing DM contributed to reductions in both oxygen (O2) availability and relative gas diffusivity, and thus potentially N2O production. Under the conditions of the current study, lower manure DM content reduced NH3 emissions but did not increase cumulative losses of N2O.

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN RATES AND HARVEST SCHEDULES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF WESTERWOLDS RYEGRASS GROWN AS A SUMMER ANNUAL

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Westerwolds ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ’Promenade’) was grown on fine sandy and light loam soils. Nitrogen was applied at 40, 80, or 120 kg/ha after emergence and after both the first and second harvests. The 1st harvest under schedules A, B and C was on 10, 15 and 22 July followed by the 2nd harvest in 28, 37 and 40 days and the 3rd harvest in 30, 50 and 37 days after the 2nd harvest, respectively. The 4th harvest for schedule A was 46 days after the 3rd harvest. Mean dry matter yields ranged from 6.26 to 9.03 t/ha, total N in tissue from 2.09 to 2.99%, in vitro digestibility of dry matter from 73.3 to 76.3%, and dry matter content from 12.1 to 14.1% depending on the N rate and/or harvest schedule. Nitrate-N concentration in plant tissue was low for 40 and 80 kg/N/ha/application but reached up to 0.45% for the 120 kg/ha/application under harvest schedule A. Yield distribution within the season was most uniform for schedule B. A 3-harvest schedule with 80 kg/ha of applied N at seeding and after the 1st and 2nd harvests was suitable management for Promenade Westerwolds ryegrass in this region.

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