scholarly journals Inheritance of leaf resistance to Septoria nodorum Berk. in two crosses of spring wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Leaf Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
F2 Progeny

The F2 progeny of two spring wheat crosses involving susceptible and moderately resistant parent cultivars were tested in the field for their reaction to infection by Septoria nodorum Berk. The variation in symptom expression was continuous, providing no support for the existence of individually acting major genes. The broad sense heritability values for the crosses were moderate at 0.47 and 0.34 with over half of the variation being of environmental origin. The results are discussed in relation to developing a resistance breeding strategy for wheat to S. nodorum.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of spring wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Septoria nodorum Berk.

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-332
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen ◽  
Aino Laitinen ◽  
Tapio Juuti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Screening techniques for detecting the susceptibility of spring wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Septoria nodorum Berk. were studied in trials carried out in southern Finland. Small screening plots were artificially inoculated with the pathogen and subsequent observations showed that the early cultivars Apu, Ulla, Hja 21600 and the late cultivar Tähti were the most susceptible. The rank correlation between field assessments from naturally infected plots and assessment from artificially inoculated small screening plots was moderately high. The correlations between 1000 grain weight and disease severity were negatively significant in some susceptible cultivars, but also in some resistant cultivars A weak positive correlation between 1000 grain weight and disease severity was observed in some resistant and also in some susceptible varieties. Although our results do not show consistent trends we conclude that the use of small screening plots is an effective means of detecting differences in symptom expression among breeding lines and cultivars.

Leaf rust of spring wheat in Northern Kazakhstan and Siberia: incidence, virulence, and breeding for resistance

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morgounov ◽  
L. Rosseeva ◽  
M. Koyshibayev
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
New Varieties

Northern Kazakhstan and Western Siberia of Russia represent a relatively uniform continuous area of spring wheat cultivation of ~20 million ha. Despite the dry climate, cultivation of susceptible varieties resulted in epidemics of leaf rust on average in 1 year out of 4, affecting up to 5 million ha with yield losses of up to 25–30%. The leaf rust population showed absence of virulence for genes Lr9 and Lr24 and low frequency of isolates with virulence to Lr11, Lr16, Lr18, and Lr28. The field observations indicated that genes Lr28 and Lr36 provide resistance. All the wheat cultivars are susceptible to leaf rust and only recently have several resistant lines and new varieties have been tested in trials. The current resistance breeding efforts are based on incorporation of the resistance from local and foreign sources. The breeding strategy is not based on detailed knowledge of the leaf rust population and its interaction with the host because of limited pathology and genetics research capacity. However, practical breeding efforts in combining proven resistance with adaptation traits resulted in the development of new competitive resistant germplasm. Shuttle breeding between the region and CIMMYT-Mexico to enhance resistance contributes to regional efforts.

scholarly journals Spring wheat mixtures in northern crop production: ability of mixtures to buffer disease development and yield loss caused by Septoria nodorum

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Epidemic Development ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Epidemic development of Septoria nodorum was studied in pure stands and mixtures of two spring wheat cultivars Tähti (susceptible) and Kadett (moderately resistant) in 1983—1985. Apparent infection rates in the mixture were similar to that of the more resistant pure stand. In all three years, disease levels in mixed stands were lower than the arithmetic mean of the pure stands. The yield experiments indicated that under low or moderate disease stress mixtures can buffer yield reduction effectively. However, when disease levels were high, mixtures appeared to be less effective in that respect. The results are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of intraspecific mixtures to retard non-specialized pathogens. The use of wheat mixtures to prevent disease induced yield losses caused by S. nodorum is also discussed.

Sources of resistance to Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode in indigenous chickpea germplasm

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohar Singh ◽  
Z. Khan ◽  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
M. Dutta ◽  
Anju Pathania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Chickpea Wilt ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Schlecht. emend. Snyd. & Hans. f. sp. ciceri is prevalent in most chickpea-growing countries and is a major devastating disease. Host plant resistance is the most practical method of disease management. Indigenous chickpea germplasm reveals a heterogeneous genetic make-up and the response of resistance to wilt is an unexplored potential source for disease resistance. There are 70 indigenous germplasm lines selected on the basis of their agronomic performance and diverse areas of collections in the country. Of these, four accessions had a highly resistant score of 1 and six had a score of 3 using a 1–9 rating scale, indicating their level of resistance to Fusarium wilt (race 4). Other germplasm accessions of chickpea were found to be moderately resistant to highly susceptible disease reaction. Likewise, the same set of germplasm was also screened for Meloidogyne incognita (race 1) using pot culture under controlled condition. Only one accession was found to be resistant to this pest. These resistant gene sources can be utilised effectively for race-specific chickpea wilt and root-knot resistance breeding programmes.

Use of foliar-applied urea to inhibit the development of Septoria nodorum in spring wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari Peltonen ◽  
Sari Kittilä ◽  
Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio ◽  
Reijo Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Septoria Nodorum

scholarly journals Identification of Black Rot Resistance in a Wild Brassica Species and Its Potential Transferability to Cauliflower

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1400
Author(s):  
Xiao-Guang Sheng ◽  
Ferdinando Branca ◽  
Zhen-Qing Zhao ◽  
Jian-Sheng Wang ◽  
Hui-Fang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Gene Location ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Related Wild Species ◽  
Wild Accessions

Black rot is a destructive disease that affects B. oleracea crops, causing significant losses to growers throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to screen out new sources resistant to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris race 4 (Xcc4) in 26 cauliflower and six related wild species, and to assess the inheritance of resistance. The results indicate that most of the tested accessions were susceptible or had intermediate resistance, except the Boc4601 (a cauliflower stable inbred line) and PI435896, UNICT5168, and UNICT5169 (wild accessions). Among them, UNICT5169 (Brassica montana) and PI435896 (Brassica balearica) showed the strongest resistance to Xcc4, with significantly lower disease index (DI), area of the infected part (AIP) and proportion of the infected part to the total leaf area (PTL) values. UNICT 5169 was selected as an Xcc4-resistant parent because of its relatively good cross seed-setting rate with cauliflower cultivars. F1 hybrids were successfully produced between this wild resistant accession (UNICT 5169) and one susceptible cauliflower breeding line (Boc3202-4), indicating the potential transferability of this resistance to cauliflower. The results of the symptoms severity evaluation of the F2 population indicate that Xcc4 resistance in UNICT5169 is a quantitative trait, which guides future resistance gene location and black rot resistance breeding.

scholarly journals Agronomic and Economic Responses of Spring Wheat to Management of Fusarium Head Blight

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1339-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Hollingsworth ◽  
C. D. Motteberg ◽  
J. V. Wiersma ◽  
L. M. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Red River ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Red River Valley ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop losses in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota caused by Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics incited by Fusarium graminearum are common. Fungicide application is often recommended when environments promote disease development but benefits have not been fully evaluated when environment, cultivar resistance, and economic outcome are considered. Agronomic and economic characters were determined for cultivars with various resistance levels when treated with no fungicide; propiconazole at 63 g active ingredient (a.i.)/ha applied at Feekes growth stage (FGS) 2, tebuconazole at 126 g a.i./ha applied at FGS 10.51, or propiconazole at 63 g a.i./ha applied at FGS 2 followed by tebuconazole at 126 g a.i./ha applied at FGS 10.51. Revenue returned from FHB moderately susceptible (MS) cultivars was 8% greater than moderately resistant (MR) cultivars in low-disease environs but differences were not significant when disease was moderate. Deoxynivalenol accumulation in grain of MS and MR cultivars was unchanged by fungicide treatment. MS cultivars were economically more adventitious to grow than MR cultivars in both disease environments.

scholarly journals Host-pathogen interaction between spring wheat and Septoria nodorum with reference to resistance breeding

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-66
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Screening Techniques ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Host-pathogen interaction between spring wheat and Septoria nodorum Berk. with applications for wheat breeding were studied. Ultrastructure of interactions was studied using electron microscopic techniques. Following inoculation, conidia of S. nodorum germinate, form appressoria anda penetration peg which directly penetrates through the cell walls. It is suggested that most penetration attempts fail because of cellular defence reactions, formation of papillae and cell wall alterations. Inoculation with low spore concentration reduced grain yield of Hankkija’s Taava cultivar by 10 % and 1000-grain weight by 14 %. Inoculation with high spore concentration on large plots of Tähti cultivar reduced grain yield by 32 % and 1000-grain weight by 18 %. Inoculation with high spore concentration on normal breeding plots of Tähti cultivar reduced grain yield by 35 % and 1000-grain weight by 21 % and the grain yield of Kadett cultivar by 27 % and 1000-grain weight by 20 %. Inheritance studies on F2 progenies of spring wheat crosses involving susceptible and moderately or highly resistant parents suggest that heredity component of symptom expression is moderate level and breeding success depends mainly on efficient screening techniques. Resistance was associated with tallness in crosses, and cultivar trials suggest that resistance is positively associated with late maturation time. Field screening techniques based on small plots and artificial inoculation showed that the most resistant entries were wild Triticum species and late and tall cultivars. Seedling plant tests based on attached seedling leaves and detached leaves revealed easily the most resistant and most susceptible cultivars. The overall correlation between seedling tests and field tests was quite high. The results are discussed in relation to wheat breeding strategies for resistance to S. nodorum.

scholarly journals AAC Redstar hard red spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew James Burt ◽  
D.G. Humphreys ◽  
J. Mitchell Fetch ◽  
Denis Green ◽  
Thomas Fetch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AAC Redstar is an early maturing, high yielding hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that is well adapted to the northern Canadian Prairies and eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat. Over three years (2016-2018) of testing in the Parkland Wheat Cooperative registration trials, AAC Redstar was 11% higher yielding than AC Splendor, 6% higher than Parata, and 4% higher than Glenn and Carberry. AAC Redstar matured 3 days earlier than Glenn, 2 days earlier than Carberry and had similar maturity to Parata. AAC Redstar was shorter than all checks except Carberry and had better lodging resistance compared to all the check cultivars in the registration trial. The test weight and thousand kernel weight of AAC Redstar were similar to Carberry. The grain protein concentration of AAC Redstar was 0.2% lower than Carberry. AAC Redstar was rated moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, stripe rust and common bunt. AAC Redstar had resistant reactions to loose smut, and stem rust. AAC Redstar was registered under the CWRS market class.

AC Winsloe winter wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Nass ◽  
H. W. Johnston ◽  
C. R. Blatt ◽  
G. Atlin ◽  
R. B. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AC Winsloe is a winter feed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) with high grain yield, lodging resistance, and good winter survival. It is resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erisyphe graminis D.C. ex Merat f. sp. tritici Marchal), moderately resistant to septoria leaf and glume blotch [caused by Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk.] and moderately resistant to fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwab and other Fusarium spp.). AC Winsloe is suitable for production in Eastern Canada, particularly in the Atlantic region. Key words:Triticum aestivum, wheat (winter), cultivar description

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