scholarly journals Relationship between phosphorus intensity and capacity parameters in Finnish mineral soils: I Interpretation and application of phosphorus sorption-desorption isotherms

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Buffering Power ◽  
P Application ◽  
Desorption Isotherms ◽  
Mineral Soils

The interpretation and application of two types of P isotherms were elucidated by means of sorption-desorption graphs of two surface soil samples. The isotherm expressing the retention or removal of P as a function of P application indicates the direction and extent of reactions at a given initial stage. The isotherm describing the sorption or desorption as a function of P concentration in the final solution after events illustrates the P buffering power of the soil. By using simultaneously the isotherms of both types, all information included can be integrated and the graphs can be used as a dynamic model describing P exchange.

scholarly journals Phosphorus extractability in surface soil samples as affected by mixing with subsoil

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. PELTOVUORI
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Degree Of Phosphorus Saturation ◽  
Water Extractable

Samples taken from the plow layer (Ap horizon)and subsoil (B horizon)of six cultivated soil profiles were analyzed as original samples and as mixtures containing 25% or 50% material from the B horizon. Acid ammonium acetate extractable phosphorus, degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS), and a phosphorus Q/I-plot were determined for each sample and mixture to evaluate the effect of bulking of dissimilar materials on results and to assess the possibilities of reducing P solubility in P-enriched surface soils. The results obtained for the mixtures were compared with mass-weighed average results of the original samples. Measured values of DPS corresponded well and those of acetate-extractable P reasonably well to the estimated values, and the results were linearly correlated with the mass fraction of horizon B material in the mixed samples (r2>0.85).Water-extractable P behaved dissimilarly; the equilibrium P concentration (EPC) estimated from the Q/I-plots decreased dramatically when the fraction of highly sorptive horizon B material increased in the mixture. The marked effect of subsoil material on EPC values may provide a technique to reduce potential losses of soluble P by deep tillage.;

scholarly journals Describing Phosphorus Sorption Processes on Volcanic Soil in the Presence of Copper or Silver Engineered Nanoparticles

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Jonathan Suazo-Hernández ◽  
Erwin Klumpp ◽  
Nicolás Arancibia-Miranda ◽  
Patricia Poblete-Grant ◽  
Alejandra Jara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) present in consumer products are being released into the agricultural systems. There is little information about the direct effect of ENPs on phosphorus (P) availability, which is an essential nutrient for crop growthnaturally occurring in agricultural soils. The present study examined the effect of 1, 3, and 5% doses of Cu0 or Ag0 ENPs stabilized with L-ascorbic acid (suspension pH 2–3) on P ad- and desorption in an agricultural Andisol with total organic matter (T-OM) and with partial removal of organic matter (R-OM) by performing batch experiments. Our results showed that the adsorption kinetics data of H2PO4− on T-OM and R-OM soil samples with and without ENPs were adequately described by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Elovich models. The adsorption isotherm data of H2PO4− from T-OM and R-OM soil samples following ENPs addition were better fitted by the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. When the Cu0 or Ag0 ENPs doses were increased, the pH value decreased and H2PO4− adsorption increased on T-OM and R-OM. The H2PO4− desorption (%) was lower with Cu0 ENPs than Ag0 ENPs. Overall, the incorporation of ENPs into Andisols generated an increase in P retention, which may affect agricultural crop production.

Pollen Taphonomy in a Canyon Stream

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Fall
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Turbulent Water

AbstractSurface soil samples from the forested Chuska Mountains to the arid steppe of the Chinle Valley, Northeastern Arizona, show close correlation between modern pollen rain and vegetation. In contrast, modern alluvium is dominated by Pinus pollen throughout the canyon; it reflects neither the surrounding floodplain nor plateau vegetation. Pollen in surface soils is deposited by wind; pollen grains in alluvium are deposited by a stream as sedimentary particles. Clay-size particles correlate significantly with Pinus, Quercus, and Populus pollen. These pollen types settle, as clay does, in slack water. Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus, Artemisia, other Tubuliflorae, and indeterminate pollen types correlate with sand-size particles, and are deposited by more turbulent water. Fluctuating pollen frequencies in alluvial deposits are related to sedimentology and do not reflect the local or regional vegetation where the sediments were deposited. Alluvial pollen is unreliable for reconstruction of paleoenvironments.

Agronomic and environmental soil test phosphorus in manured and non-manured Manitoba soils

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kimaragamage ◽  
O O Akinremi ◽  
D. Flaten ◽  
J. Heard
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
Bray 1 ◽  
Water Extractable

Quantitative relationships between soil test phosphorus (STP) methods are needed to guide P management especially in manured soils with high P. Our objectives were: (i) to compare amounts of P extracted by different methods; (ii) to develop and verify regression equations to convert results among methods; and (iii) to establish environmental P thresholds for different methods, in manured and non-manured soils of Manitoba. We analyzed 214 surface soil samples (0–15 cm), of which 51 had previous manure application. Agronomic STP methods were Olsen (O-P), Mehlich-3 (M3-P), Kelowna-1 (original; K1-P), Kelowna-2 (modified; K2-P), Kelowna-3 (modified; K3-P), Bray-1 (B1-P) and Miller and Axley (MA-P), while environmental STP methods were water extractable (W-P), Ca Cl2 extractable (Ca-P) and iron oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) methods. The different methods extracted different amounts of P, but were linearly correlated. For an O-P range of 0–30 mg kg-1, relationships between O-P and other STP were similar for manured and nonmanured soils, but the relationships diverged at higher O-P levels, indicating that one STP cannot be reliably converted to another using a single equation for manured and non-manured soils at environmentally critical P levels (0–100 mg kg-1 O-P). Suggested environmental soil P threshold ranges, in mg P kg-1, were 88–118 for O-P, 138–184 for K1-P, 108–143 for K2-P, 103–137 for K3-P, 96–128 for B1-P, 84–111 for MA-P, 15–20 for W-P, 5–8 for Ca-P and 85–111 for FeO-P. Key words: Phosphorus, soil test phosphorus, manured soils, non-manured soils, environmental threshold

scholarly journals Spatial variability of soil phosphorus of a low productivity Brachiaria brizantha pasture

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edemar Joaquim Corazza ◽  
Michel Brossard ◽  
Takashi MuraokaI ◽  
Maurício Antonio Coelho Filho
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
P Application

Studies on soil phosphorus (P) of low productivity cultivated pastures in Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) areas and surveys on other possible problems related to P are scarce. The spatial variability of soil phosphorus content of a Rhodic Ferralsol was studied in a low productivity pasture of Brachiaria brizantha (BB) grown for 10 years, without fertilizer application, in an experimental area at Planaltina (GO), Brazil. Soil samplings were performed on a regular grid of 10 by 10 meters, with 98 sampling points before (between tussocks and under tussocks) and after the establishment of the experiment (after fertilizing). On the same grid, forage plants were collected and separated into fractions for N and P content analyses. Soil available phosphate was determined by the resin method (Pr) and complemented by the 32P isotopic exchange kinetics analysis. Descriptive statistical and geostatistical analyses were utilized to describe the spatial variability. The Pr content on soil samples under tussocks presented mean and median values 45% larger than in soil samples taken between tussocks. The higher variation is probably related to the greater concentration of BB roots, soil organic matter content and soil P recycled through the plants tussocks. The spatial variability of Pr in this soil was high especially after fertilizer application. This variable did not present spatial dependence for the regular 10 m sampling. The generated knowledge on P variability of soils under low productivity cultivated pastures revealed problems related to the sampling methodology traditionally utilized and to P application.

scholarly journals Urban soil assessment caused by heavy metals contamination in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 851 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
A T Sekarningsih ◽  
W Budianta ◽  
I W Warmada ◽  
H Hinode
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
The City ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Abstract The effect of urbanization and industrialization in the urban city is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study was conducted to assess Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil of Yogyakarta city and its surrounding, Indonesia. The assessment was done by analyzing 45 surface soil samples in the study area, divided into three-zone. They are divided based on the distance of each zone to the center of the city. The zone III is located in the outermost of the study area, and zone I is inside the city. The results of the study showed that generally, the highest concentration of metals was located in zone I, which is located near or directly situated in a city center. The result indicated that Pb and Cd had the highest pollution index compared to Cu and Zn. The pollition load indeks (PLI) and geoaccumulation indeks (Igeo) calculations in the whole study area showed that the values demonstrated a moderate class in average. Special attention was needed to be given to the zone I, which has a higher PLI and Igeo index to reduce the source of emission for Pb and Cd.

scholarly journals Sulphur status in Finnish cultivated soils

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-215
Author(s):  
Johan Korkman
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Sulphur Uptake ◽  
Cultivated Soils

A method for determining total sulphur in plant material and soil samples using the induction furnace technique and subsequent turbidimetric determination of sulphate sulphur was discussed. A procedure for extracting sulphur from soil samples with ammonium acetate (pH 4.65), the interference of the organic matter being reduced by oxidation of the extract with H2O2, was proposed. Sulphur balance in Finnish cultivated soils was estimated by taking into account the average amounts of emitted (8 kg S/ha/yr.), precipitated (8 kg S/ha/yr.) and leached (8 kg S/ha/yr.) sulphur. The actual situation in the cultivated soils seems thus to be depending, on an average, on the uptake by plants and the sulphur applied (12 kg S/ha/yr. in the early 1970s). In 104 samples of cultivated soil, the content of total sulphur showed a slight correlation with the content of organic carbon. The amounts of sulphur extracted in various ways were not predictable by means of the soil characteristics used (pHCaCl2, org. C and texture). Extracted sulphur did not correlate sufficiently with the development and sulphur uptake of plants. Under field conditions in northern Finland, sulphur application produced a relatively distinct result in respect both to the ley yields on Carex peat, and their sulphur content. On mineral soils in southern Finland the yields were unaffected by supplementary fertilization with sulphur. In the pot experiments performed a fairly close relationship between sulphur and nitrogen was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Empirical Characterization of Heavy Metals in Crude Oil Spill Sites in Emohua, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Nnamdi Michael Ahiamadu ◽  
Ify L. Nwaogazie ◽  
Yusuf O. L. Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Petroleum Resource ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Pb Concentration

The study assessed the concentration of heavy metals in three oil spill sites in Emohua local government area in Rivers State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected at depth 0-30cm for surface soil samples and up to 10m for sub-surface soil samples depending on the depth of borehole. Groundwater samples were collected from drilled boreholes while the surface water samples were collected from fishponds or water bodies (rivers) close to the oil spill sites. The samples taken from the oil spill sites were analysed to determine the level of concentration of 10 Department of Petroleum Resource (DPR) specified heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ba, Ni, Hg, As, and Co). BUCK Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used in detecting the concentration of the heavy metals. For the surface soil, Pb concentration in site A and B were significantly higher than what was obtained at site C, with a mean concentration of 219.70, 130.01 and 3.41mg/kg respectively for the three sites. The mean lead (Pb) concentration obtained in the surface soil was within DPR and United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) acceptable limits. Barium also has significant concentration in both the surface soil and sub-surface soil. Kruskal Wallis test indicated significant difference in the Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ba concentration in surface/topsoil among the three sites and also indicated significant difference in the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Ba and As in sub-surface soil among the sites. Little heavy metal concentration was found in both the groundwater and surface water. The study showed that even if some heavy metals were detected at the oil spill sites, they do not pose any serious health risk, as all the heavy metals in the four environmental media at the three sampling sites were below the national limit stipulated by the Department of Petroleum Resource (DPR), Nigeria.

Increase in phosphorus concentration of a clay loam surface soil receiving repeated annual feedlot cattle manure applications in southern Alberta

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Chang, Joann K. Whalen ◽  
Xiying Hao
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Migration of P from soils to water resources poses a risk of surface water eutrophication, and increase in P concentration in soils through manure or fertilizer addition would exace rbate this problem. Investigating the rate of increase in P concentration of surface soil receiving livestock manure is crucial to the development of best manure management strategies and prevention of eutrophication of aquatic systems. In this study, the changes in P concentrations of surface soils (0- to 15-cm depth) receiving 25 annual manure applications at rates of 0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 yr-1 under non-irrigated conditions and at rates of 0, 60, 120 and 180 Mg ha-1 yr-1 under irrigated conditions were examined. The soil test P (STP) and total P (TP) of the surface soil increased with the TP through manure application over a 25-yr period. The STP pool was about 38% of the soil TP pool, similar to ratios of STP to TP in feedlot cattle manure. While the high proportion of STP to TP could be beneficial for crop production, it could also increase the potential for P losses from these soils through runoff and leaching. The changes in TP and STP concentrations of the surface soil were modelled with an expone ntial rise to maximum function: TP = 0.69 + 5.06 (1 − e(−0.087x)) and STP = 0.029 + 2.21 (1 − e(−0.082x)) where x is the cumulative TP applied. Although the model was developed for a specific soil and type of manure, it could be adapted to other soils or manure sources by adjusting the model coefficients for the particular soil and/or manure type. These adjustments would not require as extensive a data set as was required to develop the original model. This model could be used to determine the amount of TP that could be applied for a given critical STP. Producers, regulatory agencies, planners, and extension specialists could also use this model to make decisions on manure P management. Key words: Long-term cattle manure application, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, rate of accumulation, non-irrigated and irrigated cropping

Growth of Eucalyptus species in a Brown Kandosol, and changes in soil phosphorus fractionation following fertilisation

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence A. Short ◽  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
David R. Mulligan ◽  
Neal W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Fractionation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
P Application ◽  
Fertiliser Application

As observed with many soils, much of the P in the Brown Kandosol soils of Weipa (Australia) is associated with organic matter. However, following bauxite mining, much of this organic matter is either lost due to mineralisation, or is ‘diluted’ by the mixing of the soil profile. Using a sequential P extraction, the partitioning of P following fertiliser application was examined in an ‘undisturbed’ (Surface) soil and a Mixed soil. In addition, the effect of split-P applications on the growth of 2 native Eucalyptus species was examined. Following its addition to the soil, much of the P was converted comparatively rapidly to forms with reduced availability; by the time of the first measurement (4 weeks) only approximately 10% of the added P remained as the readily available AER-P. For the Surface soil, much of this added P was initially converted to organic P (Po) (measured as hydroxide-Po), before progressively moving into the hydroxide-Pi fraction. In comparison, in the mixed soil, competition for P from microbial biomass was lower (due to a lower organic matter content) and the P was rapidly converted to the hydroxide-Pi fraction before moving to unavailable forms (residual P). Although the use of split-P applications was expected to increase plant growth, maximum growth of Eucalyptus tetrodonta and Eucalyptus leptophleba was generally achieved when all P fertiliser was applied in the first few weeks of growth. Indeed, splitting the P application beyond 16 weeks caused a significant reduction in growth.

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