scholarly journals Phosphorus extractability in surface soil samples as affected by mixing with subsoil

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. PELTOVUORI
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Degree Of Phosphorus Saturation ◽  
Water Extractable

Samples taken from the plow layer (Ap horizon)and subsoil (B horizon)of six cultivated soil profiles were analyzed as original samples and as mixtures containing 25% or 50% material from the B horizon. Acid ammonium acetate extractable phosphorus, degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS), and a phosphorus Q/I-plot were determined for each sample and mixture to evaluate the effect of bulking of dissimilar materials on results and to assess the possibilities of reducing P solubility in P-enriched surface soils. The results obtained for the mixtures were compared with mass-weighed average results of the original samples. Measured values of DPS corresponded well and those of acetate-extractable P reasonably well to the estimated values, and the results were linearly correlated with the mass fraction of horizon B material in the mixed samples (r2>0.85).Water-extractable P behaved dissimilarly; the equilibrium P concentration (EPC) estimated from the Q/I-plots decreased dramatically when the fraction of highly sorptive horizon B material increased in the mixture. The marked effect of subsoil material on EPC values may provide a technique to reduce potential losses of soluble P by deep tillage.;

Agronomic and environmental soil test phosphorus in manured and non-manured Manitoba soils

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kimaragamage ◽  
O O Akinremi ◽  
D. Flaten ◽  
J. Heard
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
Bray 1 ◽  
Water Extractable

Quantitative relationships between soil test phosphorus (STP) methods are needed to guide P management especially in manured soils with high P. Our objectives were: (i) to compare amounts of P extracted by different methods; (ii) to develop and verify regression equations to convert results among methods; and (iii) to establish environmental P thresholds for different methods, in manured and non-manured soils of Manitoba. We analyzed 214 surface soil samples (0–15 cm), of which 51 had previous manure application. Agronomic STP methods were Olsen (O-P), Mehlich-3 (M3-P), Kelowna-1 (original; K1-P), Kelowna-2 (modified; K2-P), Kelowna-3 (modified; K3-P), Bray-1 (B1-P) and Miller and Axley (MA-P), while environmental STP methods were water extractable (W-P), Ca Cl2 extractable (Ca-P) and iron oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) methods. The different methods extracted different amounts of P, but were linearly correlated. For an O-P range of 0–30 mg kg-1, relationships between O-P and other STP were similar for manured and nonmanured soils, but the relationships diverged at higher O-P levels, indicating that one STP cannot be reliably converted to another using a single equation for manured and non-manured soils at environmentally critical P levels (0–100 mg kg-1 O-P). Suggested environmental soil P threshold ranges, in mg P kg-1, were 88–118 for O-P, 138–184 for K1-P, 108–143 for K2-P, 103–137 for K3-P, 96–128 for B1-P, 84–111 for MA-P, 15–20 for W-P, 5–8 for Ca-P and 85–111 for FeO-P. Key words: Phosphorus, soil test phosphorus, manured soils, non-manured soils, environmental threshold

BIO-CYCLING OF PHOSPHORUS IN SOIL BY PLANT ROOTS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. L. READ ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizer ◽  
Extractable P

Plants cycle nutrients in soil by bringing minerals from the subsurface to the surface soil. This paper presents evidence that phosphorus, a relatively immobile nutrient, can be moved to the subsoil by the roots under cereals that have received high rates of P. Residual effects of phosphatic fertilizer have been studied at Swift Current, Saskatchewan since 1966. Single applications of 0, 100, 200 and 400 kg P/ha were applied in 1966. Soil samples taken in the fall of 1967, 1974 and 1979 showed that there is more NaHCO3-extractable P under the plots that received 100, 200 or 400 kg of P than under the unfertilized plots. At depths below 30 cm the differences were greater in 1979 than in 1974, particularly under the 400 kg P/ha treatment. This indicates a gradual downward movement of P, probably in the tissue of the plant roots.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of soil phosphorus tests in predicting the potential risk of phosphorus loss from pasture soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. SOINNE ◽  
K. SAARIJÄRVI ◽  
M. KARPPINEN
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
P Loss ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Total P

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of urine and dung additions on the phosphorus (P) chemistry of pasture land and to compare the sensitivity of two soil extraction methods in assessing the P-loading risk. In a field experiment, urine and dung were added to soil in amounts corresponding to single excrement portions and the soil samples, taken at certain intervals, were analysed for pHH2O, acid ammonium acetate extractable P (PAc) and water extractable total P (TPw), and molybdate reactive P (MRPw). Urine additions immediately increased soil pH and MRPw, but no such response was observed in PAc extraction due to the low pH (4.65) of the extractant enhancing the resorption of P. The PAc responded to the dunginduced increase in soil total P similarly as did Pw, which suggests that both tests can serve to detect areas of high P concentration. However, water extraction was a more sensitive method for estimating short-term changes in P solubility. In pasture soils, the risk of P loss increases as a result of the interaction of urination and high P concentration in the topsoil resulting from continuous dung excretion.;

scholarly journals Relationship between phosphorus intensity and capacity parameters in Finnish mineral soils: I Interpretation and application of phosphorus sorption-desorption isotherms

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Buffering Power ◽  
P Application ◽  
Desorption Isotherms ◽  
Mineral Soils

The interpretation and application of two types of P isotherms were elucidated by means of sorption-desorption graphs of two surface soil samples. The isotherm expressing the retention or removal of P as a function of P application indicates the direction and extent of reactions at a given initial stage. The isotherm describing the sorption or desorption as a function of P concentration in the final solution after events illustrates the P buffering power of the soil. By using simultaneously the isotherms of both types, all information included can be integrated and the graphs can be used as a dynamic model describing P exchange.

Glucose concentration controls priming effects and soil carbon storage under pasture and forest in volcanic ash soils of Hokkaido, Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chie Hayakawa ◽  
Taichi Kobayashi ◽  
Kazumichi Fujii ◽  
Yoshiyuki Inagaki ◽  
Keishi Senoo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Glucose Addition ◽  
Humic Soil

<p><strong>Introduction & objectives:</strong> Over ten thousand years, soils have been formed through events of volcanic ash deposition in Hokkaido, Japan. The soil organic matter (SOM) in the past surface layer has been buried in the deeper soil. The buried humic horizons serve as a large carbon (C) reservoir. The SOM in the deeper soil horizons is preserved due to lower microbial activities and limited inputs of fresh organic matters. However, when the buried humic horizons are exposed to the surface by deep plowing and bottom plow tillage, decomposition of the exposed SOM may be accelerated through priming effects, due to the increased supply of low-molecular-weight (LMW) substances from fresh plant litter inputs. To test this, we examined glucose concentration dependency of priming effect and the change of SOC balance through priming effect using <sup>13</sup>C tracer incubation.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods:</strong> Soil samples were collected from the volcanic soil profiles in pasture site and adjacent forest sites in Hokkaido, Japan. The moist soils were sieved (< 4 mm) to eliminate plant debris and stones for the incubation study and the other analysis. A <sup>13</sup>C-glucose solution (99 atom%; 0 – 3.9 mg glucose g<sup>-1</sup>) was added to moist soil (equivalent to 10 g oven-dried weight) and incubated at 20ºC in the dark for 30 days. The head space gas sample was periodically taken into the vial, and <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> and <sup>12</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were determined by GC-MS. Priming effect (PE) was calculated by subtraction between the amounts of <sup>12</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> with and without glucose. The head space gas in the bottle was flush out and replaced to CO<sub>2</sub>-free-air every sampling time. We also measured soil microbial biomass C (MBC) by chloroform fumigation method, bacterial and fungal biomass by 16S and 18S rRNA genes targeted real-time PCR, SOC concentrations, inorganic N concentrations (ammonium and nitrate) and the other physicochemical properties of the soil profiles.</p><p><strong>Results & discussion: </strong>Glucose addition induced the positive PEs in the buried humic soil samples of both sites, and the magnitudes of PEs (cumulative primed-CO<sub>2</sub> amounts) in the buried humic soil samples were 0.4 to 1.5 times as those in the surface soils. However, the negative PEs were detected in the forest surface soil, probably because of low soil pH and relatively high inorganic N concentration. The magnitudes of PEs were dependent on added glucose concentrations for all the soils, and the threshold between negative and positive PEs corresponded to 3.5 % of glucose-C relative to MBC in the forest surface soil. The positive correlation between evolution rates of primed-CO<sub>2</sub> significantly and bacterial or fungal biomass suggests both bacteria and fungi contributes to PE in the soils studied. Even if glucose addition induced PE, total SOC after incubation increased when glucose-C was added more than 0.5 mg C g<sup>-1</sup> in the all soils. This implies that the optimized fresh litter input can control priming effects and C sequestration in volcanic soils.</p>

Pollen Taphonomy in a Canyon Stream

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Fall
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Turbulent Water

AbstractSurface soil samples from the forested Chuska Mountains to the arid steppe of the Chinle Valley, Northeastern Arizona, show close correlation between modern pollen rain and vegetation. In contrast, modern alluvium is dominated by Pinus pollen throughout the canyon; it reflects neither the surrounding floodplain nor plateau vegetation. Pollen in surface soils is deposited by wind; pollen grains in alluvium are deposited by a stream as sedimentary particles. Clay-size particles correlate significantly with Pinus, Quercus, and Populus pollen. These pollen types settle, as clay does, in slack water. Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus, Artemisia, other Tubuliflorae, and indeterminate pollen types correlate with sand-size particles, and are deposited by more turbulent water. Fluctuating pollen frequencies in alluvial deposits are related to sedimentology and do not reflect the local or regional vegetation where the sediments were deposited. Alluvial pollen is unreliable for reconstruction of paleoenvironments.

Sorption of cesium in young till soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merja Lusa ◽  
Janne Lempinen ◽  
Hanna Ahola ◽  
Mervi Söderlund ◽  
Anne-Maj Lahdenperä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

AbstractSoil samples from three forest soil pits were examined down to a depth of approximately three metres using 1 M ammonium acetate extraction and microwave-assisted extraction with concentrated nitric acid (HNO

scholarly journals Degree of phosphorus saturation threshold for minimizing P losses by runoff in cropland soils of Southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1088-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Bortolon ◽  
Paulo Roberto Ernani ◽  
Elisandra Solange Oliveira Bortolon ◽  
Clesio Gianello ◽  
Rodrigo Gabriel Oliveira de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Degree Of P Saturation ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Degree Of Phosphorus Saturation ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Sorption Index ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

Abstract The objective of this work was to assess the risk of phosphorus losses by runoff through an index based on the degree of P saturation (DPS), in cropland soils of Southern Brazil. Sixty-five highly representative cropland soils from the region were evaluated. Three labile P forms were measured (Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, and ammonium oxalate), and four P sorption indexes were tested (phosphorus single sorption point and Fe+Al determined with the three extractors). Water-extractable P (WEP) was used as an index of P susceptibility to losses by surface runoff. The DPS was determined from the ratio between labile P and each sorption index. DPS values obtained from the ratio between Mehlich-1 P and the single P sorption point ranged from 1 to 25%, whereas those from Mehlich-1 P and Fe+Al (ammonium oxalate) ranged from 1 to 55%. All DPS types were highly correlated with WEP. From a practical stand point, the DPS obtained with both P and Fe+Al extracted with Mehlich-1 can be used to estimate the risk of P losses by runoff in soils of Southern Brazil.

Leaching of dissolved phosphorus from tile-drained agricultural areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2953-2958 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Andersen ◽  
J. Windolf ◽  
B. Kronvang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Tile Drains ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Water Extractable

Abstract We investigated leaching of dissolved phosphorus (P) from 45 tile-drains representing animal husbandry farms in all regions of Denmark. Leaching of P via tile-drains exhibits a high degree of spatial heterogeneity with a low concentration in the majority of tile-drains and few tile-drains (15% in our investigation) having high to very high concentration of dissolved P. The share of dissolved organic P (DOP) was high (up to 96%). Leaching of DOP has hitherto been a somewhat overlooked P loss pathway in Danish soils and the mechanisms of mobilization and transport of DOP needs more investigation. We found a high correlation between Olsen-P and water extractable P. Water extractable P is regarded as an indicator of risk of loss of dissolved P. Our findings indicate that Olsen-P, which is measured routinely in Danish agricultural soils, may be a useful proxy for the P leaching potential of soils. However, we found no straight-forward correlation between leaching potential of the top soil layer (expressed as either degree of P saturation, Olsen-P or water extractable P) and the measured concentration of dissolved P in the tile-drain. This underlines that not only the source of P but also the P loss pathway must be taken into account when evaluating the risk of P loss.

scholarly journals Urban soil assessment caused by heavy metals contamination in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 851 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
A T Sekarningsih ◽  
W Budianta ◽  
I W Warmada ◽  
H Hinode
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
The City ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Abstract The effect of urbanization and industrialization in the urban city is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study was conducted to assess Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil of Yogyakarta city and its surrounding, Indonesia. The assessment was done by analyzing 45 surface soil samples in the study area, divided into three-zone. They are divided based on the distance of each zone to the center of the city. The zone III is located in the outermost of the study area, and zone I is inside the city. The results of the study showed that generally, the highest concentration of metals was located in zone I, which is located near or directly situated in a city center. The result indicated that Pb and Cd had the highest pollution index compared to Cu and Zn. The pollition load indeks (PLI) and geoaccumulation indeks (Igeo) calculations in the whole study area showed that the values demonstrated a moderate class in average. Special attention was needed to be given to the zone I, which has a higher PLI and Igeo index to reduce the source of emission for Pb and Cd.

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