scholarly journals Kevätviljapeltojen ja niiden pientareiden kasveista Laihialla

1964 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-160
Author(s):  
Mikko Raatikainen ◽  
Terttu Raatikainen
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Phleum Pratense

Laihian pitäjässä on tutkittu 18 tilalta 49 avo-ojitettua kevätviljalohkoa. Kultakin lohkolta on tehty 2.—14.7.1961 välisenä aikana kevätviljasta neljä 0.25 m2:n suuruista näytealakuvausta eli yhteensä 196 näytealakuvausta. Näiden kevätviljalohkojen sisäisten sarkaojien pientareista on tehty sama määrä näytealakuvauksia. Näytealakuvauksia tehtäessä putkilokasvit on pyritty määrittämään lajilleen ja kunkin lajin peittävyys on arvioitu prosentteina. Pelloissa on todettu turvemaalla esiintyviksi 7, turvesavimaalla 2 ja savimaalla 21 lajia (taulukko 1). Pientareissa on todettu turvemaalla esiintyviksi 9, turvesavimaalla 6 ja savimaalla 19 lajia (taulukko 2). Esikasvi vaikuttaa kevätviljavaiheen kasvien yleisyyteen. Pelloissa on todettu kevätviljan jälkeen 7 lajin tai suvun olevan yleisemmän kuin nurmen jälkeen. Nurmen jälkeen on vastaavasti todettu 8 lajin olevan yleisemmän kuin kevätviljan jälkeen (taulukko 3). Kevätviljan jälkeen yleiset lajit ovat etupäässä yksivuotisia ja nurmen jälkeen yleiset monivuotisia. Pientareissa on todettu neljän lajin tai suvun olevan yleisemmän kevätviljan kuin nurmen jälkeen ja kuuden lajin yleisemmän nurmen kuin kevätviljan jälkeen (taulukko 4). Edellisistä lajeista kolme on yksivuotista ja yksi monivuotinen. Jälkimmäiset lajit ovat kaikki monivuotisia. Poa pratensis, Phleum pratense ja Trifolium pratense esiintyvät pientareissa etupäässä savimaalla, pelloissa turvemaalla. Pelloissa niitä viljellään etenkin turvemailla, tai niiden siemeniä joutuu sinne. Kyseessä olevat lajit eivät kuitenkaan kykene piennarkasvustoissa menestymään turvemaalla niin hyvin kuin savimaalla. Peltojen kasvillisuudesta on kuvattu kaksi kasvustoa, joista toinen esiintyy turve- ja toinen savimaalla. Samaan kasvustoon on luettu kaikki viljelykierrossa eri vuosina erotettavat osakasvustot, joita kutsutaan vuosiosakasvustoiksi. Kevätviljavaiheen vuosiosakasvustoja kuvataan taulukon 5 sarakkeissa 1 ja 3. Pientareiden kasvillisuudesta on myös kuvattu kaksi kasvustoa (taulukko 5, sarakkeet 9 ja 11), joista toinen esiintyy turve-, toinen savimaalla. Pelloissa on todettu 196 näytealalla yhteensä 78 ja pientareissa vastaavasti 112 lajia. Pientareiden lajeista on suhteellisesti suurempi osa kuin peltojen lajeista pienimmässä yleisyysluokassa. Lohkojen pelloissa ja pientareissa 1 m2:llä todetut lajimäärät ovat positiivisessa korrelaatiossa toisiinsa. 64 lajin on todettu esiintyvän sekä pelloissa että pientareissa. Näistä lajeista 52 on esiintynyt samalla lohkolla sekä pellossa että pientareissa. Näiden lajien yhtäläisyysverranteet ovat 0.3—50.0. Kevätviljapeltojen ja niiden sarkaojien pientareiden kasvustot ovat melko erilaisia. Suurimmat yhtäläisyydet ovat eräillä monivuotisilla piennarlajeilla.

scholarly journals Study Sowing Grasslands Based on Red Clover with Perennial Grasses

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denes DEAK ◽  
Ioan ROTAR ◽  
Florin PACURAR ◽  
Anca BOGDAN
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Stable Manure

Seeded lawns is one of the most important links in the process of improving the forage base, ensure feed quality with high productivity. Mixtures of red clover crops (Trifolium pratense) with perennial grasses (Lolium multiflorum, Phleum pratense and Poa pratensis) has high productivity due to better utilization of ecological niches of the biotope (ROTAR I.et al.). These crops has advantages like high content of protein because of the red clover, economy-based fertilizer nitrogen from atmospheric nitrogen fixation by bacteria Rhizobium spp. located in the root of legumes. These seeded pastures get a balanced feed nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids), have a high palatability. The species Trifolium pratense has a greater capacity to restore the soil structure and also the enrichment of the macro-elements, like phosphorus and potassium (CARLIER L., et. al). Our experience took place in the village Simonesti, Cobătesti village of the Harghita county. The experimental field was located respecting the experimental technique rules in randomized blocks with a technique that includes three variants based on red clover plus a perennial grass (Lolium multiflorum, Poa pratensis and Phleum pratense). Every version was fertilized with two types of fertilizer: one liquid (gull) and one solid (stable manure) in four different doses in all three variants. The doses were: V1 = 0 gull; V2 = 5 t / ha gull; V3 = 10 t / ha gull; V4 = 20 t / ha gulle and V1 = 0 stable manure; V2 = 10 t / ha stable manure; V3 = 30 t / ha stable manure and V4 = 50 t / ha stable manure. In our studies we present the influence of fertilization with gull and stable manure on yield of green mass of all three variants. In general, both gull fertilization with manure favors grasses at the expense of installing legumes. The higher doses of fertilizer increase, the share of participant of grasses increases.

scholarly journals Ecological evaluation of natural water bodies in the south part of Noginscky Region Moscow District

2020 ◽  
Vol 612 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
D A Postnikov
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Carex Riparia

Abstract Floristic composition of terrestrial and aquatic plants in the ecotopes of surface water bodies, Blue Lakes and Lake Biserovo, was studied to assess environmental health of aquatic ecosystems in the Moscow region. The research was carried out both in the field and in the laboratory. Blue Lakes were lacking aquatic vegetation and the dominant synusia of the following plant species was found along the coastal zone: meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.), meadow bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), sedge coastal (Carex riparia Curt.), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), plantain (Plantago major L.), Timothy meadow (Phleum pratense L.). The vegetation cover of Lake Biserovo was patchy: submerged vegetation was most widespread, Canadian Elodea (Elodea canadensis Michx.) was the dominant species. Pure thickets of vegetation were formed only by the common American water plantain(Alisma plantago-aquatica L.), lake cattail (Schoenoplectus lacustris L.), common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) and sedge coastal (Carex riparia Curt). It should be noted that in all the studied water bodies, the pH of the water area can be classified as very clean: Blue Lakes (7.8), samples from Lake Biserov (8.32). Water samples from Lake Biserova had the highest turbidity (11.5), which was associated with the accumulation of particles of the silt fraction of the reservoir, which began the process of eutrophication, high anthropogenic load. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment (hydrological indicators, calculation of the Mayer index) of the studied samples from the reservoirs, it was concluded that the water area of the Blue Lake had the best environmental status in the Noginsk region.

WINTER CROWN ROT OR SNOW MOLD OF ALFALFA, CLOVERS, AND GRASSES IN ALBERTA: II. FIELD STUDIES ON HOST AND VARIETAL RESISTANCE AND OTHER FACTORS RELATED TO CONTROL

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Cormack
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Wide Range

Many overwintering cultivated and native plants proved susceptible to the low-temperature basidiomycete which causes winter crown rot or snow mold of forage legumes and grasses in Alberta. Tests were made by inoculation in the late fall, or by planting in infested land. In the legumes, high resistance was found only in Medicago falcata and a Siberian strain of Trifolium pratense. T. hybridum, Melilotus spp., and the commonly grown varieties of alfalfa were particularly susceptible. Bromus spp. and Agropyron spp. proved highly resistant. Resistance was moderate in Elymus spp., Poa pratensis, and Festuca elatior; and slight in F. rubra and Phleum pratense. Agrostis alba, winter wheat, and winter rye were highly susceptible. In tests on horticultural plants, rhubarb and chives appeared to be immune; raspberry, peony, and columbine were resistant; and strawberry, parsnip, iris, and tulip were highly susceptible. A wide range of native plants and weeds suffered severe damage, and only Thalictrum spp. proved highly resistant. Shrubs and trees were not attacked.Following severe damage, crop rotation proved to be essential for the control of winter crown rot. The pathogen did not persist in the soil to any extent for longer than two to three years in land which was summer-fallowed or planted to annual crops or resistant grasses. Brome and other resistant grasses proved helpful in maintaining forage stands. Fertilizer treatments did not reduce the damage. Uncut tops and debris favored spread of the disease in alfalfa stands.

Long-term fertilization experiments on a natural grassland on calcareous meadow soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
István Harmati
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meadow Soil ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius ◽  
Natural Grassland ◽  
Fertilization Experiments ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Sekély humuszos szintű, erősen karbonátos réti talajon kialakult természetes (Achilleo-Festucetum pseudovinae) gyepen beállított tartamkísérletekben vizsgáltuk a műtrágyázás kérdéseit a gyep növényi összetételének megjavítása, termésének növelése és minősége javítása céljából. A kísérlet humuszban gazdag, nitrogénnel és káliummal igen jól ellátott, de foszforban szegény talaján az N- és P-műtrágya 2-2 adagját szólóban és kombinációikban alkalmaztuk. Az öntözetlen kísérletet 28, az öntözöttet 14 éven át folyamatosan, széleskörűen vizsgáltuk. Megállapításainkat a következőkben foglaljuk össze. – A gyep növényi összetételét a N- és a P-műtrágyák adagjaiktól és kombinációiktól függően megváltoztatták. A nitrogén a füvek, a foszfor a pillangósok versenyképességét fokozta és segítette elő növekedését. Az önmagában alkalmazott N-műtrágya a talaj nagyfokú P-szegénysége miatt nem gyakorolt pozitív hatást a gyepre. A P-műtrágya viszont kedvező változásokat okozott: a füvek fejlődésének elősegítése mellett nagymértékben növelte a pillangósok borítási értékét és tömegarányát, különösen az öntözött parcellákon. Öntözetlen viszonyok között a réti perje (Poa pratensis), a sovány csenkesz (Festuca pseudovina) és a komlós lucerna (Medicago lupulina) alkotta a gyep termésének túlnyomó részét, néhány egyéb fű- és pillangósvirágú komponens társaságában. Az öntözött kísérletben a pillangósok abszolút uralma mellett gyakran a réti perje jutott vezető szerephez. A pillangósok közül az eperhere (Trifolium fragiferum), a komlós lucerna (Medicago lupulina) és a vörös here (Trifolium pratense) váltakozva jutott uralomra. Az időjárás nagyban befolyásolta a gyep pillangós komponenseinek tömegarányát. Az NP kombinációkban a pillangósok tömegaránya erősen lecsökkent, különösen a nagyobb N-adag használata esetén. Öntözetlen területen a sovány csenkesz és a réti perje változó arányban alkotta a gyep termésének túlnyomó részét. Az öntözött parcellákon azonban a réti perje abszolút uralkodóvá vált és az egyre jobban előretörő tarackbúza (Agropyron repens) is jelentősen részt vett a termés kialakításában, elsősorban a nagyobb N-dózisú kombinációkban. A kísérlet 3. évtizedében a csapadékos években megjelent a francia perje (Arrhenatherum elatius) és a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis) is. – A gyep termését az önmagában alkalmazott N-műtrágya nem növelte jelentősen. Ezzel szemben a P-műtrágya nagy hatékonysággal 2–4-szeresére (3–5 t·ha–1-ra) növelte a gyep szénatermését, elsősorban a pillangósok nagyarányú térhódítása révén. 1 kg P2O5 öntözetlen körülmények között 43, míg öntözöttben 68 kg szénaterméstöbbletet eredményezett, sokévi átlagban. A 90 kg P2O5·ha–1 adag néhány év után soknak bizonyult. A legjobb eredményt a 200 kg N·ha–1 + 60 kg P2O5·ha–1 adaggal értük el, amellyel az öntözetlen területen – 28 év átlagában – 7,87, öntözötten – 14 év átlagában – 7,12 t·ha–1 szénatermést kaptunk. Az időjárás nagymértékben befolyásolta a termés mennyiségét és minőségét, legfőképpen a pillangósok tömegarányának változása révén, különösen az öntözetlen kísérletben. A három növedék tömegének aránya 7 évi átlagban, az öntözetlen kísérletben a szóló foszforkezeléseknél 48:37:15%, míg az NP kombinációknál 56:35:9% volt. Az öntözött területen ezek az arányok az előbbi sorrendben: 39:49:12, illetve 43:41:16%. A nitrogénből számított nyersfehérjehozam sokévi átlagban az öntözetlen kísérletben 428–550, míg az öntözöttben 560–760 kg·ha–1 volt. – A talaj felvehető tápanyagtartalma az évek során jelentősen megváltozott, különösen a talaj 0–10 cm-es rétegében. A P-trágyázás önmagában, de az NP kombinációiban is az adagoktól, illetve az ezek hatására kialakult termések mennyiségétől függő mértékben növelte a talaj P-tartalmát. A legjobbnak a 200 kg N·ha–1 + 60 kg P2O5·ha–1 kezelésű parcellákban bizonyult: a kísérlet 22. évében a talaj 0–10 cm-es rétegében a P-tartalom 260 mg P2O5·kg–1 lett, ami az erősen karbonátos talajok esetében igen jó P-ellátottságnak mondható. A K-ellátottság azonban az NP-kezeléseknél az optimális szint alá csökkent (172 mg K2O·kg–1) a termések nagyarányú K-kivonása következtében. Ezért néhány évi NP-trágyázás után K-pótlásra is szükség van.

Sources of valuable traits for perennial grass breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
LZ Baistruk-Hlodan ◽  
MM Кhomiak ◽  
HZ Zhapaleu
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Galega Orientalis

Aim. The purpose was to identify collection accessions – sources of valuable traits to use as starting material for creating varieties of perennial grasses in Western Ukraine. Results and Discussion. Perennial grasses play an essential role in improving the efficiency of forage production. They produce a fodder mass that contains major macro- and micronutrients, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and other nutrients in available forms, with a high energy protein saturation. Practice shows that due to the introduction of varietal crops into production in combination with optimal technologies of their cultivation, which allows revealing the potential of each variety, it is possible to additionally obtain 20-30% higher yields of fodder mass annually and harvest 2 to 3-fold seed yields. In 2016-2020, a search was carried out and 570 new accessions of perennial grasses were recruited, of which 201 were legumes and 369 were graminaceous grasses. The collection contains 1,319 accessions, of which 232 are Trifolium pratense L., 115 are Trifolium repens L., 49 are Trifolium hybridum L., 107 are Lotus corniculatus L., 80 belong to other legume species (Medicago, Galega orientalis L. Galega orientalis L. and Trifolium species), 131 are Phleum pratense L., 187 are Dactylis glomerata L., 146 are Lolium perenne L., 53 are Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J. et C.Presl., 67 are Festuca rubra L., 28 are Festuca trachyphylla L., 32 are Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub, 92 belong to other species of other types of graminaceous grasses (Festuca pratensis Huds., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Agrostis alba L. etc.). Accessions that enter the Department are registered and sown for propagation in the field. After examination, valuable accessions are transferred to the National Depository and registered in the National Catalogue; the rest of the obtained seeds are used in working collections. Conclusions. The best collection accessions were identified by a set of economically valuable traits: sources of daily growth of shoots (30), winter hardiness (28), plant height (22), yield of green mass upon haymaking (28) and pasture (19) use, forage productivity (15), seed productivity (25), foliage (21), and disease resistance (23). They can be recommended as starting material to create varieties of perennial grasses with high yields of forage mass and seeds for various applications.

scholarly journals Sixty Years After the First Description: Genome Sequence and Biological Characterization of European Wheat Striate Mosaic Virus Infecting Cereal Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merike Sõmera ◽  
Anders Kvarnheden ◽  
Cécile Desbiez ◽  
Dag-Ragnar Blystad ◽  
Pille Sooväli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Transmission Factor ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Systemic Spread

High-throughput sequencing technologies were used to identify plant viruses in cereal samples surveyed from 2012 to 2017. Fifteen genome sequences of a tenuivirus infecting wheat, oats, and spelt in Estonia, Norway, and Sweden were identified and characterized by their distances to other tenuivirus sequences. Like most tenuiviruses, the genome of this tenuivirus contains four genomic segments. The isolates found from different countries shared at least 92% nucleotide sequence identity at the genome level. The planthopper Javesella pellucida was identified as a vector of the virus. Laboratory transmission tests using this vector indicated that wheat, oats, barley, rye, and triticale, but none of the tested pasture grass species (Alopecurus pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Lolium multiflorum, Phleum pratense, and Poa pratensis), are susceptible. Taking into account the vector and host range data, the tenuivirus we have found most probably represents European wheat striate mosaic virus first identified about 60 years ago. Interestingly, whereas we were not able to infect any of the tested cereal species mechanically, Nicotiana benthamiana was infected via mechanical inoculation in laboratory conditions, displaying symptoms of yellow spots and vein clearing evolving into necrosis, eventually leading to plant death. Surprisingly, one of the virus genome segments (RNA2) encoding both a putative host systemic movement enhancer protein and a putative vector transmission factor was not detected in N. benthamiana after several passages even though systemic infection was observed, raising fundamental questions about the role of this segment in the systemic spread in several hosts.

Wind-mediated seed dispersal of invasive forage grasses from agricultural grasslands in Hokkaido, Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Chika Egawa ◽  
Atsushi Shoji ◽  
Hiroyuki Shibaike
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Number Of Seeds

AbstractAlthough introduced pasture grasses are essential for forage production in current livestock farming, some species cause serious impacts on native biodiversity when naturalized. Information on the seed dispersal of invasive forage grasses from cultivated settings to surrounding environments can inform management efforts to prevent their naturalization. In this case study, we quantified the wind-mediated seed dispersal distance and amount of dispersed seed of invasive forage grasses from agricultural grasslands in Hokkaido, northern Japan. In total, 200 funnel seed traps were installed around three regularly mown grasslands and one unmown grassland where various forage grass species were grown in mixture. Seeds of each species dispersed outside the grasslands were captured from May to October 2017. Based on the trapped distances of seeds, the 99th percentile dispersal distance from the grasslands was estimated for six species, including timothy (Phleum pratense L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). For two dominant species, P. pratense and D. glomerata, the numbers of seeds dispersed outside the field under mown and unmown conditions were determined under various plant cover situations. The estimated dispersal distances ranged from 2.3 m (P. pratense) to 31.5 m (P. pratensis), suggesting that areas within approximately 32 m of the grasslands are exposed to the invasion risk of some forage grass species. For both P. pratense and D. glomerata, the number of seeds dispersed outside the unmown grassland exceeded 100 seeds m−2 under high plant cover situations, while the number of seeds dispersed from the mown grasslands at the same plant cover level was less than one-third of that number. The results suggest that local land managers focus their efforts on frequent mowing of grasslands and monitoring of the areas within approximately 32 m of the grasslands to substantially reduce the naturalization of invasive forage grasses.

scholarly journals The resistance of Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata to soil pollution by diesel oil and petroleum

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽  
Agata Borowik ◽  
Jan Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Resistance of common European grasses to diesel oil and petroleum pollution is not well-known. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the level of resistance of selected grasses to pollution by diesel and petroleum using the pot experiment. The achieved results were compared with those determined for grasses grown on the non-polluted soil. Soil pollution with the tested products was found to significantly decrease the yield of all grasses, with the decrease being lower upon soil pollution with petroleum than with diesel oil. The most resistant to the pollution with diesel oil and petroleum were Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L. and Lolium × hybridum Hausskn. The degradation of particular groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) depended on their chemical properties, on the type of pollutant and grass species. The greatest degradation was determined in the case of BTEX, C<sub>6</sub>–C<sub>12</sub> benzines as well as 2- and 3-ring hydrocarbons, whereas the lowest in the case of 5-and 6-ring hydrocarbons and C<sub>12</sub>–C<sub>25</sub> oils. The most useful species in the remediation of soils polluted with diesel oil and petroleum turned out to be: Lolium perenne L., Lolium × hybridum Hausskn and Phleum pratense L., whereas the least useful appeared to be: Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata L. and Poa pratensis L.

EFFET DE LA PRESENCE DE LA FLEOLE DES PRES SUR LA SURVIE A L’HIVER DU TREFLE ROUGE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIUS BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Stand Yield ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

The influence of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) on winter survival of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was studied in an experiment conducted in 1984–1985 and repeated in 1985–1986. The results indicate that the presence of timothy can help to improve red clover persistence. When the winter was favorable to the survival of legumes, the red clover population was higher in pure than in mixtured clover populations. However, when the winter was unfavorable to legumes, the red clover population was higher in populations mixed with timothy than in a pure clover population.Key words: Red clover-timothy mixture, winter survival, stand, yield

Single-cut red clover combined with late timothy may be valuable in short-term rotations

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Kunelius ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore ◽  
G. Dürr
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Short Term

Late-maturing cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) may be grown in short-term rotations with other crops and harvested for hay and silage. Harvesting forage in mid-summer is often advantageous for field curing, but the quality of mature forage may be low. We studied how harvests at different developmental stages affected yield, composition of herbage, and species persistence. The late-maturing single-cut red clover cultivar Altaswede and late timothy cultivar Farol were grown alone and in combination with and without applied N. Total forage, and red clover and timothy dry matter yields, increased between the first (27 June) and third (11 July) dates of harvest. Timothy grown alone or combined with red clover and fertilized with N produced greater forage yields than red clover alone or red clover + timothy without applied N. The in vitro digestibility of dry matter declined from 670 to 625 g kg−1 and crude protein from 134 to 109 g kg−1 between 27 June and 11 July. Water soluble carbohydrates in forage were low (36–66 g kg−1) in cuts 1 and 2. Macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations were generally highest at the first date of harvest on 27 June. Nutrient concentrations in cut 2 were similar for the three harvest schedules. We conclude that growing late-maturing single-cut red clover combined with late timothy produced high yields with good nutritional quality even at advanced stages of maturity. Single-cut red clover persisted for the first production year making this combination suited for short-term rotations that involve late harvesting of the primary growth. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense, timothy, Phleum pratense, composition

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document