scholarly journals The effect of claying upon the settling of the soil surface on cultivated Sphagnum bogs

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Yrjö Pessi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

The present investigation concerns a Sphagnum bog area that has been under cultivation for 35 years. According to the results, the effect of the claying during this time has been the settling of the surface of the soil on an average 12.5 cm more than in unclayed bog.

Water budget analysis of small forested boreal watersheds: comparison of Sphagnum bog, patterned fen and lake dominated downstream areas in the La Grande River region, Québec

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Tardif ◽  
André St-Hilaire ◽  
René Roy ◽  
Monique Bernier ◽  
Serge Payette
Keyword(s):  
Water Budget ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
River Region ◽  
Sphagnum Bog ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Monteith Equation

A water budget analysis (precipitation (P), surface runoff (Q), evapotranspiration (ET) and storage variations (ΔS)) was completed over a 3-year span for two Sphagnum bogs, three patterned fens and two shallow lakes all located in the La Grande River watershed in central Québec. The high variability of P from 2005 to 2007 during summer and fall (July to October) allowed us to produce water budgets over a large spectrum of wetness conditions at seasonal and event timescales. Bogs and fens (not lakes) have the intrinsic ability to keep the water table near the surface most of the time, which affects Q. Fens and lakes showed a similar hydrological behavior when compared to bogs, in spite of differences in Q and ΔS variability due to the typical vegetation structure of fens. This structure also tends to produce sharper rises of Q when compared to lakes that have overall smoother hydrograms. The dominant water budget term for bogs, fens and lakes was ΔS, Q and ET, respectively. Finally, an adaptation of the Penman–Monteith equation was successfully used to estimate potential ET. This revised method is based on peatland vegetation identification that provides a simple weighing factor for stomatal resistance.

scholarly journals Peatland unit types of lake-bog systems in the middle Priob’ie (Western Siberia)

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1S) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
I V Filippov ◽  
E D Lapshina
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Dwarf Shrubs ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Carex Rostrata ◽  
Thematic Information ◽  
Landscape Ecological ◽  
Sphagnum Bog ◽  
Promising Source

The new GIS technologies and availability of satellite images of high resolution all over the world could be a promising source of thematic information about the distribution of the Western Siberian bogs. At the same time for the accurate interpretation of peatland diversity on the base of satellite images detailed quality ground truth information is necessary. Following peatland unit types have been distinguished and described within the study area “Kukushkino Bog” situated 60 km to the east from Khanty-Mansiysk within the huge oligotrophic lake-bog system: 1 - pine-dwarf shrubs-sphagnum bogs (‘ryam’), 2 - pine-dwarf shrubs-sphagnum bog with small cotton-grass sphagnum hollows, 3 - dwarf shrubs-cotton grass-sphagnum bogs (‘open bog’), 4 - ombrotrophic ridge-hollow complex, 5 - ombrotrophic sphagnum lawns complex & water tracks, 6 - poor sedge (Carex rostrata)-sphagnum fens. Detailed study of peatland diversity and development of landscape-ecological classification of mire types for the territory of Western Siberia could be a good scientific base for the future investigation of peatlands and estimated of their values of carbon pool.

Seed-bank properties of an Appalachian sphagnum bog and a model of the depth distribution of viable seeds

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2028-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Depth Profile ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

Seed banks were examined in four plant communities in a high-elevation sphagnum bog in West Virginia, U.S.A. A germination assay was used to detect germinable seed densities. Vertical depth distributions were determined for one community in which the soil cores were transported intact to the greenhouse. Seed densities ranged from 12 874 in a Sphagnum-dominated community to 377 041 seeds m−2 in a sedge-dominated community. The seed bank in all communities was dominated numerically by Juncus effusus, although this species comprised a minor part of the aboveground vegetation. Three types of depth profiles were observed, including one distribution showing a simple decline in seed numbers with depth, another showing a unimodal peak below the soil surface, and a third with two distinct peaks at depth. A matrix model of seed burial was devised to account for the different depth profiles. By assuming that soil compression occurred and that the rate of compression declined with time, the model showed that either of the first two depth profiles could be produced with no need to invoke a historical change in the seed rain. The model was unable to account for the bimodal depth profile with the assumption of a constant seed rain. However, the fact that the model of seed burial could explain a unimodal peak in the depth profile suggests that simple historical interpretations of past abundance using a buried seed profile are difficult.

Cellulose mass loss in ombrotrophic bogs of northeastern North America

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2378-2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V. Santelmann
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Peak Mass ◽  
Sphagnum Bog ◽  
Second Peak ◽  
Loss Rates

Profiles of cellulose mass loss were measured for six Sphagnum bogs in eastern North America as an index of decomposition rates. After 2 years, mass loss rates in the upper 5 cm of the profiles averaged 49% in hummocks, 52% in hollows where the water table was more than 5 cm below the surface, and 21% in hollows where the water table was within 5 cm of the surface. Hummock profiles were of three types: (i) mass loss highest at the surface, gradually decreasing to very low rates below the water table; (ii) mass loss highest at the surface, decreasing for 10 – 20 cm, with a second peak in the region of the water table; and (iii) mass loss low at the surface with a subsurface peak. Mass loss rates for all profiles reached minimum values below the water table, averaging 3% in hummocks and 5% in hollows after 2 years. Cellulose mass loss was quite variable in upper portions of the profiles; within-site variance was almost as great as between-site variance, reflecting similarity among these bogs and heterogeneity within each site. Analysis of variance of mass loss at the hummock surface showed no significant effect of site; however, contrasts among means showed that mass loss rates at the surface of hummocks of the northern (Newfoundland) bogs were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those from the sites farthest south (in Nova Scotia and Maine). Key words: cellulose mass loss, Sphagnum bog, decomposition.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the humification of the peat in cultivated Sphagnum bogs

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yrjö Pessi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

The paper is a report on the volume weights of the ash-free, dry peat on the cultivated Sphagnum bog at Leteensuo found in connection with different degrees of nitrogen fertilization. The volume weight attained higher values under nitrogen fertilization than in the treatments with mere potassium and phosphate fertilization. As the volume weight of peat also increases with increasing humification, the conclusion was drawn from the results that nitrogen fertilization has favoured the humification of Sphagnum peat.

scholarly journals Fertilization of Sphagnum bogs, on the basis of certain field experiments at Leteensuo

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-157
Author(s):  
Yrjö Pessi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Hay Meadows ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Stable Manure ◽  
Recent Addition ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

The present investigation is an account of the results from two fertilizing experiments established on Sphagnum bog at the Experimental Station of Leteensuo. The experiments were carried out in 1923 and 1934. The following conclusions can be drawn from the results. Most important in significance among the different nutrients is nitrogen, phosphorus ranging next, and potassium last. Potassium could even cause a reduction in the crop yields. The effect of liming was evident in the form of increased hay crops, whereas the grain yields of oats were reduced by it. Liming has improved the effect of phosphorus particularly in the case of hay. The results also seem to indicate that the relation between potassium and calcium has significance in regard to the reduction of crop yield caused by potassium. Remarkable crop yield increases were obtained by nitrogen fertilizing. The hay crops and the grain and straw crops of oats increased almost linearly with the addition of nitrogen, in the form of calcium nitrate, in quantities up to 90 kg N per hectare. Quantities in excess of this caused hardly any further increase in the crops. The said quantity is suitable for cover manuring of hay meadows, but the most advisable quantity for cereals is thought to be 45—60 kg N per hectare, so that lodging of the crops might be avoided. Nitrogen fertilization does not essentially affect the quality of the grain crops of cereals; on the other hand nitrogen promoted the retention of timothy in the meadow when nitrogen was used in quantities up to 90 kg per hectare. Stable manure increased the crops. This effect was most distinctly evident in the grain and straw crops of oats. The effect of stable manure was still present 15 years after the most recent addition of stable manure.

Calcium and pH co-restrict abundance of Drosera rotundifolia (Droseraceae) in a Sphagnum bog in central British Columbia

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M.C. Jones ◽  
Hugues B. Massicotte ◽  
Arthur L. Fredeen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Vegetation Patterns ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Regression Tree Analysis ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Drosera Rotundifolia ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

The genus Drosera (sundews) is represented in British Columbia (BC), Canada, by Drosera rotundifolia (L.), Drosera anglica (Huds.), and their hybrid Drosera × obovata (Mert. & W.D.J. Koch). All three can be found in Sphagnum bogs of central BC, including those within the Aleza Lake Research Forest (ALRF) located 60 km east of Prince George. Vegetation patterns in bogs are known to be correlated with light, water, and nutrient gradients, and despite information being available on the influence of light and water on Drosera occurrence, little information is known about the role of nutrients. Here, we focused on a bog containing all three Drosera species, to determine whether nutrient levels are related to the abundance of the widespread species, D. rotundifolia. Univariate regression tree analysis between soil water chemistry and D. rotundifolia numbers indicates that D. rotundifolia is a calcifuge, preferring moderately acidic soil pH (>5.5) and relatively low calcium levels (<2.88 ppm). This study provides evidence that high soil water calcium and low pH limit the growth of D. rotundifolia in field populations. The physiology underlying this preference, how this is affected by hybridization between other sundew species, and how this mineralogical limitation interacts with other niche-defining factors to dictate the occurrence of D. rotundifolia are questions that remain to be answered.

Modelling the mineralisation of plant residues on the soil surface

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 711-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Berkenkamp ◽  
Eckart Priesack ◽  
Jean Charles Munch
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Residues

Status and development prospects of standard means for reproducing units of volumetric activity of radon and thoron and radon flux density from the soil surface

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
S.G. Birjukov ◽  
O.I. Kovalenko ◽  
A.A. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Volumetric Activity ◽  
Standard Means ◽  
Radon Flux ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Physical Principles

The approach to creating standard means for reproducing units of volumetric activity of radon and thoron and flux density of radon from the soil surface is described based on the physical principles of reproducing these units of quantities and using as technical means for reproducing bubblers with a radioactive solution of radium salt, reference capacities of known volume, emanation chambers for generation of a toron, a gamma spectrometer with a semiconductor detector from highly pure germanium and radon radiometers. Reproduction consists in the physical realization of units in accordance with their definition as applied to the formation of radon and thoron in the radioactive rows of radium and thorium. The proposed approach will allow to determine the structural, structural and other technical solutions of standard measuring instruments, as well as specific techniques and methods of working with them. The creation of standard tools and technologies for reproducing units of volumetric activity of radon and thoron and the density of radon flux from the soil surface will ensure the unity and reliability of measurements in the field of ionizing radiation, traceability of units and bringing the characteristics of national standards in line with world achievements.

Isaac Bayley Balfour, Sphagnum moss, and the Great War (1914–1918)

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
The United States ◽  
Royal Botanic Garden ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Working Model ◽  
Sphagnum Bog ◽  
The Great War

Isaac Bayley Balfour was a systematist specializing in Sino-Himalayan plants. He enjoyed a long and exceptionally distinguished academic career yet he was knighted, in 1920, “for services in connection with the war”. Together with an Edinburgh surgeon, Charles Cathcart, he had discovered in 1914 something well known to German doctors; dried Sphagnum (bog moss) makes highly absorptive, antiseptic wound dressings. Balfour directed the expertise and resources of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (of which he was Keeper), towards the identification of the most useful Sphagnum species in Britain and the production of leaflets telling collectors where to find the moss in Scotland. By 1918 over one million such dressings were used by British hospitals each month. Cathcart's Edinburgh organisation, which received moss before making it into dressings, proved a working model soon adopted in Ireland, and later in both Canada and the United States.

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