scholarly journals Studies in F1 and F2 of crosses between winter and summer turnip rape

1959 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Rolf Manner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seed Yields

In the present study four hybrids between winter and summer turnip rape are compared with each other and with their parents. In all crosses the father was the same summer turnip rape, namely Mette. F1 and F2 of the hybrids were intermediate as regards their development in comparison with the parents. About three-fourths of the F1 plants of the cross Rapido X Mette, one half of F1 of the crosses Gruber X Mette and Sprengel X Mette, and only a small part of the crosses Storrybs X Mette gave seed yields. The seed yield per plant of the F1-hybrids was larger than that of the summer turnip rape Mette. The seed weight per silique and the mean seed weight were considerably higher in F2 of all the hybrids than in the summer turnip rape Mette. The green fodder production of the hybrids can be expected to be large. The hybrids seem to be usable in plant breeding work.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fruit Positions on Fruit and Seed Yields of Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Y. Zubairu ◽  
J. A. Oladiran ◽  
O. A. Osunde ◽  
U. Ismaila
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Seed Yields

Study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at the experimental field of Federal University of Technology, Minna (9o 401N and 6o 301E), in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to determine the effects of N fertilizer and the fruit positions on fruit and seed yield of okro. The treatment comprised factorial combination of five nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) and five fruit positions on a mother-plant (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10) which were replicated three times and laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results indicated that significant taller plants were recorded in the plots that received 120 kg N/ha while shorter plants were recorded in plots that received 0 N/ha in both years of the study. The higher N level of 120 kg/ha and lower fruit position of 3 significantly gave higher number of fruit yield while the yield decreased with decrease in N level and increase in fruit position on the mother-plant. Similarly, heavier fruits were recorded in lower fruit positions and higher N levels. The fruits formed at the lower position 3 and 5 produced more seeds with higher seed weight than those formed at the higher positions. The results also showed that significantly higher seed yield was recorded at N level of 120 kg/ha ?.

Desiccation of alfalfa for seed production with diquat and glufosinate

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
S. N. Acharya ◽  
J. Fraser ◽  
K. W. Richards ◽  
N. Foroud
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Recommendations for desiccation of alfalfa do not clearly define the stage at which desiccants should be applied. To obtain this information, diquat and glufosinate were applied to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) from 1991 to 1994 at various stages of maturity to determine the effect of desiccant and stage of maturity at desiccation on seed yield 1000-seed weight and seed germinability. Alfalfa seed yields, 1000-seed weights, percent germination and percent viable seed were similar after desiccation with diquat and glufosinate. Desiccation when 60–75% of the alfalfa seed pods were brown permitted maximum seed yields. Percent germination increased slightly in seeds that were exposed to weathering under normal conditions until all pods turned brown. Both desiccants adequately desiccated alfalfa for harvesting but desiccation with glufosinate took 2 or 3 d longer than diquat. Desiccants did not reduce alfalfa growth in the spring after application. Key words: Germination, yield, hard seed, seed weight, stage

Genetic variability in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
R. K. Gupta ◽  
V. K. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Mean

The data were recorded on five random selected plants for 12 quantitative characters and statistical analyzed. The analysis of variance for all the twelve characters is showed the mean square due to genotypes was highly significant. The mean values of various characters like days to 50 per cent flowering were recorded maximum for genotype IC560719 and Pusa Karishma (84.00 days)with mean 69.08 days The maximum days to 75% maturity were observed in IC-560700 genotype (142.00 days) with a mean of 135.07 days. The plant height highest recorded in the genotype IC-560696 (217.60 cm) with mean of 188.14 cm. The maximum number of primary branches per plant (16.47) was recorded in the genotype NPJ-113 with mean of 10.13. The genotype NPJ-113 produced maximum number of secondary branches per plant (35.47) with mean of 19.78. The maximum length of siliqua was recorded for Kranti (7.03) with mean of 5.24cm. The maximum number of seeds per siliqua was recorded in Kranti genotype (19.13) with mean value 14.91. The maximum 1000-seed weight recorded 5.57g for Pusa Jai Kisan with mean wt. 3.96 g. Pusa Mustard-21 produced highest biological yield (191.13g) with mean 79.00g. The genotype Pusa Jagannath had maximum harvest index (30.98%) with mean value 23.87%. The oil content in mustard maximum in 42.00 % were recorded in Pusa Agrani with mean oil content was 39.16 percent. The genotype Pusa Mustard-21 showed highest seed yield per plant (47.00g) with a mean seed yield of 18.58. The higher heritability estimates in broad sense for biological yield per plant (99.6%), number of primary branches per plant (91.4%), number of secondary branches per plant (98.4) plant height (99.2%), 1000-seed weight (99.4%) and days to 50 per cent flowering (98.5). Expected genetic advance at 5% selection intensity was recorded higher for biological yield per plant (71.60) and number secondary branches per plant (10.87).

Irrigation and Nitrogen Studies in s. 23 Ryegrass Grown for Seed: 1. Growth, Development, Seed Yield Components and Seed Yield

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Hebblethwaite
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYThe effects of irrigation and nitrogen on S. 23 perennial ryegrass grown for seed were investigated in a series of field experiments from 1972 to 1974. Irrigation significantly increased seed yield by 16% in 1972 and 52% in 1974 but had no effect in the wet year of 1973. In 1972 maximum deficit reached 110 mm at the end of July and coincided with anthesis. Consequently the yield response was due to an increase in number of seeds per unit area and no other seed yield component was affected. In 1974 peak deficit also reached about 100 mm but started to build up rapidly very early in the season and had reached 80 mm by the time that the first ears emerged. Consequently the yield response was due to increases in number of fertile tillers, number of seeds per unit area and 1000-seed weight.Irrigation had no significant effect on number of florets or seeds, except in 1974 when percentage of florets which produced seed was increased by 2%.Irrigation had some effect on threshed straw yields, total dry matter, harvest index and total number of tillers but where this occurred the response was much smaller than that of seed yield which indicates that irrigation had greater effects on the reproductive development of the crop than on yield of dry matter and tillering patterns. Increasing the quantity of nitrogen from 0 to 80 kg/ha increased seed yields, all seed yield components except 1000-seed weight, threshed straw yields and total dry matter and number of tillers at most sampling dates. Increasing the quantity of nitrogen from 80 to 160 kg/ha had little further effect on the above components except in 1972 where seed yields were significantly decreased.In 1972 number of florets was increased and percentage of florets which produced seed decreased with increasing quantities of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Irrigation Cut-off Date Affects Growth, Frost Damage, and Yield of Jojoba

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Nelson ◽  
David A. Palzkill ◽  
Paul G. Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Flower bud injury resulting from freezing temperatures has been a major problem in jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. Schneid.] production. A 3-year field study, which began with 4-year-old plants, evaluated the effect of three irrigation treatments on growth, flower bud survival, seed yield, seed weight, and seed wax concentration of six clones. After 3 years, irrigation cut-off dates of late May (dry treatment) and early September (medium treatment) resulted in reduced plant height and width compared to irrigating through November (wet treatment). Flower bud survival and seed yields were very low in the first year for all treatments. In the second and third years, bud survival for most clones, even at -8C, was greatly improved by withholding water in the fall. In December of the second and third years, plants in the medium and dry plots had lower leaf water potential than those in the wet plot. In the second year, plants in the medium and dry plots had seed yields that were 3.5 times higher and wax yields that were were 2.3 times higher than plants in the wet plot. In the third year, the medium treatment had the highest seed and wax yields. Average seed weight and seed wax concentration were generally highest for plants in the wet plot where seed yields were low. Withholding irrigation from jojoba in the fall appears to improve flower bud survival and seed and wax yields following cold winters.

scholarly journals Combining Ability And Nature of Gene Effects Controlling Seed Yield And Its Component Traits In Alien Cytoplasm Based Hybrids In Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Sharma ◽  
Y.G.SHADAKSHARI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Abstract The present research aimed to study gene effects for seed yield and its component traits in sunflower hybrids having diverse cytosterile sources from Helianthus annuus and H. argophyllus. Five lines and ten testers were crossed in a line x tester mating design to develop 50 F1 hybrids for genetic analysis. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the traits studied. Seasonal variation was found significant for all the traits except stem diameter, volume weight and seed filling percentage. The mean squares of lines and testers from crosses both determine the GCA were also significant for most of the traits which revealed the prevalence of additive variances and additive gene action. The mean squares of lines x tester interactions were also significant for all the traits considered. The significance of lines x tester interactions indicated that SCA is also important in the expression of traits and demonstrated the value of non-additive variances and dominant genes controlling the various traits. Among the diverse cytosterile lines, ARG-6-3-1-4 was identified as the best general combiner for stem diameter, volume weight, seed yield, hull content, oil content and oil yield. While, the line ARG-2-1-2 was best general combiner for days to 50 per cent flowering, head diameter, 100 seed weight and seed filling percentage. The tester M17-R was observed to be best general combiner for earliness and volume weight, while RHA 93 was the best general combiner for plant height, seed yield and oil content. The best cross combinations; MUT-2-8-3-2 x GKVK 3 was found to be good specific combiner for stem diameter, 100 seed weight, seed yield, seed filling percentage, oil content and oil yield, while ARG-6-3-1-4 x GKVK 3 was good specific combiner for days to 50% flowering, plant height and 100 seed weight.

Adaptation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) to short season Mediterranean-type environments: response to sowing rates

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
S. P. Loss ◽  
K. L. Regan ◽  
D. L. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Asymptotic Model ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Seed Yields

The growth and seed yield response of lentil (cv. Digger) to sowing rate (20-120 kg/ha) was studied at 13 sites over 3 seasons in the cropping regions of south-western Australia. The economic optimum plant density was estimated by fitting an asymptotic model to the data and calculating the sowing rate above which the cost for additional seed was equivalent to the revenue that could be achieved from the extra seed yield produced, assuming a 10% opportunity cost. On average across all sites and seasons, only 51% of sown seeds emerged. Increasing sowing rate resulted in greater dry matter production at ˚owering and maturity, and fewer pods per plant. Harvest index (0·31-0·36), number of seeds per pod (1·13-1·84), and mean seed weight (2·9-3·6 g/100 seeds) remained relatively stable with changes in sowing rate. The asymptotic models fitted to seed yields accounted for 1-73% of the total variance in the data, except at one site where a model could not be found to provide an adequate fit to the data. In addition to this site, another 5 sites were excluded from further consideration where the percentage of variance accounted for was <25% or the predicted optimum densities and seed yield potentials were well beyond the range of the data. The economic optimum of the remaining 7 sites ranged from 96 to 228 plants/m2, with a mean of 146 plants/m2. These results suggest that lentil yields may be improved by increasing sowing rates beyond those currently targeted in southern Australia (100-125 plants/m2). On the basis of these results, targeting a density of about 150 plants/m2 by using a sowing rate of approximately 90-110 kg/ha is recommended, depending on mean seed weight and germination percentage of the seed. Even higher sowing rates may be optimum where the growing conditions are unfavourable and individual plant growth is limited.

MANAGEMENT OF MEDIUM RED CLOVER FOR SEED AND HAY PRODUCTION

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Winch ◽  
W. E. Tossell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Crop Seed

Higher seed yields of Redon red clover were produced from the aftermath following an early hay crop than from the first crop itself. Red clover-timothy mixtures produced more hay in June and more seed from the aftermath than did pure stands of red clover or red clover-bromegrass mixtures. Seeding rates of 3, 6, 9 and 12 lb. per acre had no effect on red clover seed yield but did affect hay yield. With 2 lb. of timothy, no increase in hay yield was obtained with red clover seeding rates above 6 lb. per acre.Red clover alone produced more seed per acre than red clover-timothy or red clover-brome mixtures when seed was harvested from the first crop. First-crop seed was higher in seed weight than second-crop seed and this was reflected in increased early seedling vigour.

Mean performance, range and analysis of variance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Amit Tomar ◽  
Manish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Mahak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The analysis of variance based on mean values of 10 characters namely, day to flower, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliquae, 1000-seed weight (g), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g) were studied for testing the significance of differences among the treatments. The mean sum of squares for all the characters. Highly significant differences were recorded among all the treatments for all the 10 characters except number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, days to maturity and oil content.

Variable paths to seed production within the Kangaroo Valley cultivar of Lolium perenne

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Shah ◽  
CJ Pearson ◽  
AC Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
The Mean

Components of seed yield were measured in an erect, early-flowering biotype and a prostrate, late-flowering biotype of Lolium perenne cv. Kangaroo Valley at temperatures from 15/10 to 24/19�C (12/12 h day/night). We aimed to determine if each biotype had distinctive components of seed yield, and if these varied according to temperature. The two biotypes had distinctive paths to seed yield. Seed yield per plant in an erect biotype depended more on seed weight per spike and less on spike number than in a prostrate biotype. The distinctive paths to seed yield, and relative stability in paths across temperatures, indicated that it was possible to select genotypes from within the Kangaroo Valley cultivar which had particular correlations among components of yield. Floral development was accelerated, but seed yield per plant and most of its components were reduced, at high temperature; only the mean daily rate of dry weight accumulation by individual seeds was the same at all temperatures. At any temperature, seed weight per spike declined almost linearly with lateness of spike emergence within a plant: spikes which emerged within 21 days of the earliest spike contributed 80% of the seed yield per plant. We conclude that biotypes can be selected within the Kangaroo Valley cultivar to have distinctive components of seed yield and, based on the two biotypes we studied, commercial seed production should be based at a location having relatively low temperatures.

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