MANAGEMENT OF MEDIUM RED CLOVER FOR SEED AND HAY PRODUCTION

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Winch ◽  
W. E. Tossell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Crop Seed

Higher seed yields of Redon red clover were produced from the aftermath following an early hay crop than from the first crop itself. Red clover-timothy mixtures produced more hay in June and more seed from the aftermath than did pure stands of red clover or red clover-bromegrass mixtures. Seeding rates of 3, 6, 9 and 12 lb. per acre had no effect on red clover seed yield but did affect hay yield. With 2 lb. of timothy, no increase in hay yield was obtained with red clover seeding rates above 6 lb. per acre.Red clover alone produced more seed per acre than red clover-timothy or red clover-brome mixtures when seed was harvested from the first crop. First-crop seed was higher in seed weight than second-crop seed and this was reflected in increased early seedling vigour.

scholarly journals Phenotypic traits for wild red clover seed yield under drought conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Giedrius Petrauskas ◽  
Eglė Norkevičienė ◽  
Vaclovas Stukonis ◽  
Vilma Kemešytė
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Foundation Seed ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

Changes in the gene pool and homogeneity of red clover cultivars occur over time. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly renew the breeding material and foundation seed. Moreover, the market also prescribes a new demand. Based on the Natura 2000 habitats profile, we collected seeds from 39 locations across Lithuania in 2016. The phenotypic traits that affect the seed yield of red clover were analysed in 2018. The homogeneity of the populations with reference to the seed yield and 1 000 seed weight (TSW) were determined as well. Also, the possibility of obtaining two seed yields per season under drought conditions from wild genotypes of red clover was analysed. We found that the final seed yield mostly depends on the seed number per flower head (SN/FH), which strongly correlated with 1<sup>st</sup> component of PCA during first (r = 0.91) and second (0.92) harvest. Meanwhile, the cluster analysis showed that the typical wild red clover has a lower seed weight than the cultivars and could be clustered on the basis of seed homogeneity. Finally, based on the seed phenotype and harvest components, there were five prospective accessions (2177, 2871, 2876, 2898 and 2899) for a new cultivar prototype.

scholarly journals Drastic historic shifts in bumble-bee community composition in Sweden

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1727) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Bommarco ◽  
Ola Lundin ◽  
Henrik G. Smith ◽  
Maj Rundlöf
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Bee Community ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

The species richness of flower-visiting insects has declined in past decades, raising concerns that the ecosystem service they provide by pollinating crops and wild plants is threatened. The relative commonness of different species with shared ecological traits can play a pervasive role in determining ecosystem functioning, but information on changes in abundances of pollinators over time is lacking. We gathered data on relative abundances of bumble-bee species in Swedish red clover fields during three periods in the last 70 years (1940s, 1960s and present), and on clover seed yields since 1921. We found drastic decreases in bumble-bee community evenness, with potential consequences for level and stability of red clover seed yield. The relative abundances of two short-tongued bumble-bees have increased from 40 per cent in the 1940s to entirely dominate present communities with 89 per cent. Average seed yield declined in recent years and variation in yield doubled, suggesting that the current dependence on few species for pollination has been especially detrimental to stability in seed yield. Our results suggest a need to develop management schemes that promote not only species-rich but also more evenly composed communities of service-providing organisms.

Rendement potentiel en semence l'année du semis de cultivars de trèfle rouge

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucius Belzile
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
Age Diversity ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The potential of seed production of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in the seeding year was studied for 4 yr using five cultivars on two soil types. Data were collected on seed yield, weight and germination. Yields of up to 580 kg ha−1 were obtained. Interactions of the effects of soil, year and cultivar on seed yield were observed. The absence of a dominant effect on seed yield is probably related to the varying moisture conditions among years and the age diversity of the plant population from which seeds were harvested. Seed germination varied among years and cultivars and seed weight among cultivars. Key words: Red clover, seed production, cultivar, seeding year

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE PRÉLÈVEMENT DE LA PREMIÈRE POUSSE SUR LA PRODUCTION DE SEMENCE DE TRÈFLE ROUGE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIUS BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivar Group ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Clover Seed

For five years, the effect of cultivars and vegetative stage of cutting were measured on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production. The first group of cultivars included Hungaropoli, Ottawa and Lakeland harvested in 1981 and 1982. The second group included Arlington, Florex and Prosper I harvested in 1984, 1985 and 1987. The total annual seed yield differed within cultivars and the highest seed yield was obtained with Hungaropoly and Florex. In the first cultivar group, the tetraploid Hungaropoly obtained a kernel weight higher than the diploids Lakeland and Ottawa. In the second group of cultivars, all diploids, Arlington yielded the highest kernel weight. The percentage of seed germination of Hungaropoly was higher than Lakeland and Ottawa while for Florex it was slightly higher than Arlington and Prosper I. A prior vegetative cutting is essential for good seed yield. In the absence of vegetative cutting seed weight seemed improved. The stage of development at which vegetative cutting is done has little influence on percentage seed germination. These results have shown that despite the strong effect of climatic conditions on seed production, the choice of the optimum stage for vegetative cutting and a well adapted cultivar are important aspects in successful seed production.Key words: Red clover, seed production, cultivar, stage of cutting

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fruit Positions on Fruit and Seed Yields of Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Y. Zubairu ◽  
J. A. Oladiran ◽  
O. A. Osunde ◽  
U. Ismaila
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Seed Yields

Study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at the experimental field of Federal University of Technology, Minna (9o 401N and 6o 301E), in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to determine the effects of N fertilizer and the fruit positions on fruit and seed yield of okro. The treatment comprised factorial combination of five nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) and five fruit positions on a mother-plant (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10) which were replicated three times and laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results indicated that significant taller plants were recorded in the plots that received 120 kg N/ha while shorter plants were recorded in plots that received 0 N/ha in both years of the study. The higher N level of 120 kg/ha and lower fruit position of 3 significantly gave higher number of fruit yield while the yield decreased with decrease in N level and increase in fruit position on the mother-plant. Similarly, heavier fruits were recorded in lower fruit positions and higher N levels. The fruits formed at the lower position 3 and 5 produced more seeds with higher seed weight than those formed at the higher positions. The results also showed that significantly higher seed yield was recorded at N level of 120 kg/ha ?.

Preharvest glyphosate in alfalfa for seed production: Effect on alfalfa seed yield and quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May ◽  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
D. C. Murrell ◽  
C. D. Myhre ◽  
J. J. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Preharvest applications of glyphosate have been shown to be effective in controlling Canada thistle in annual crops, but may reduce alfalfa seed yield depending on time and rate of application. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on subsequent alfalfa seed yield and quality. The effects of timing, 1, 26, 51 and 76% alfalfa seed pod maturity, and rate, 0, 440, 880, 1320, and 1760 g a.i. ha-1, of a preharvest application of glyphosate on alfalfa seed yield and quality in the year of application, and regrowth and seed yield in the following year were determined. The rate of glyphosate applied did not affect seed yield in the application year; however, in the following year, growth and seed yield were reduced as rates increased. Delaying the application of glyphosate increased seed yields in the application year, but decreased alfalfa regrowth and flowering the following year. Germination and seedling emergence were not affected by the rate or timing of the glyphosate. A preharvest application of glyphosate at 1760 g a.i. ha-1 at 76% pod maturity is a viable option in the last year of seed production. Key words: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), glyphosate, abnormal seeds, seed quality, and seedling vigour

EARLY SEEDLING VIGOUR AND SEED WEIGHT IN RELATION TO BREEDING IN SMOOTH BROMEGRASS, BROMUS INERMIS LEYSS.

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Tossell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Early Seedling

Variability in early seedling vigour was studied in polycross progenies from highly selected plants rated as good in other agronomic characters and in open-pollinated progenies from previously unselected So plants. Differences were found in both groups in rate and per cent emergence, and in height and vigour at 28 days. Considering the variability observed in these characters and the favourable associations found, it appears that early seedling vigour in bromegrass can be improved by selection within the species.Seed weight was closely associated with early seedling vigour. Plants differed widely in seed weight, and in breeding for early seedling vigour it appears that most rapid progress can be made by screening breeding material for seed weight. Because seed weight did not account for all of the differences among progenies in seedling vigour, progenies from high seed weight plants or families should be subjected to a seedling vigour test to further select for this character. The close relationship found between greenhouse and field trials indicates that at least the initial screening can be done in the greenhouse.

THE EFFECTS OF SEEDING RATE AND ROW WIDTH IN RELATION TO SEED PRODUCTION IN ORCHARD GRASS, DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L.

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Fulkerson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
The Third ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The effects of six seeding rates and five row spacings on seed yield, seed quality and the yield components—number of fertile culms per square foot, number of seeds per culm and seed weight were studied in orchard grass.Row width had a marked effect on seed yield each year. Rate of seeding affected seed yield to a lesser extent and a row width × seeding rate interaction did occur. Seeding rates and row width caused small relatively unimportant differences in seedling establishment and early seedling vigour only in the third harvest year. Considering seed yield, seed quality and the ease of weed control, the best treatment combination appeared to be a seeding rate in the area of [Formula: see text] in 14-in. rows for stands to produce for 2 or 3 years.Seed yield was positively and closely correlated with the number of fertile culms in the first 2 crop years but a negative relationship was found in the third crop year. Seed weight was negatively correlated with seed yield. The number of seeds per panicle was closely associated with yield in the third crop year and negatively correlated with seed weight and culm numbers.

Control of Several Perennial Weeds in Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca rubra) Grown for Seed

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lloyd Darwent ◽  
Leonard P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Crop Seed

In commercial fields of creeping red fescue, spring applications of sethoxydim at 500 g/ha and fluazifop-P at 250 g/ha consistently reduced the heading, and consequently the seed production, of foxtail barley and volunteer bromegrass by ≥90% without affecting crop seed yield, 100-seed wt or germination. The effectiveness of sethoxydim at 500 g/ha and fluazifop-P at 250 g/ha to reduce heading of grass weeds was not affected by tank mixing with metsulfuron at 4.5 g/ha but was reduced when tank mixed with either dicamba plus 2,4-D at 280 plus 560 g/ha or 2,4-D alone at 560 g/ha. Metsulfuron alone, or in tank mixtures with sethoxydim (500 g/ha) or fluazifop-P (250 g/ha), effectively controlled dandelion and volunteer alsike clover (probability of ≥80% control was 0.94 or more). Dicamba plus 2,4-D provided a similar level of volunteer alsike clover control but was less effective on dandelion, while 2,4-D was ineffective on both weeds. Treatments containing dicamba plus 2,4-D reduced crop seed yield and germination, and increased seed weight.

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