scholarly journals The potential of biochar for reducing the negative effects of soil contamination on the phytochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation in wheat grain

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Różyło ◽  
Michał Świeca ◽  
Urszula Gawlik-Dziki ◽  
Magdalena Stefaniuk ◽  
Patryk Oleszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Al Content

The food industry faces the problem of soil contamination and consequently the deterioration of the quality of plant products. Here, we present a study on evaluation of the effect of fertilization with sewage sludge (SL) with varying, rates of biochar (BC 2.5, 5 and 10% of DW) on yield quality and the accumulation of heavy metals in wheat grains. The greatest grain yield with the highest content of protein and gluten as well as the highest total content of phenols and flavonoids, was obtained when SL+5%BC fertilization was applied. The addition of 5%BC and 10%BC to SL resulted in the greatest increase in the antioxidant capacity of grain. Among phenolic acids, syringic acid was found in the largest amount in grain in the SL+2.5%BC treatment. A significant decrease in Pb accumulation in wheat grain after application of SL+5%BC and a successive decrease in Al content with increasing BC addition were observed. To increase the quality of wheat grains and to reduce the bioaccumulation of harmful elements after the application of biochar to the soil is important in the context of food safety and health of humans especially in food production on acidic and/or contaminated soils.

Bioavailability and geochemical forms of Pb and Zn in Kosovo contaminated soils 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodoro Miano ◽  
Donato Mondelli ◽  
Lea Piscitelli ◽  
Hana Voca ◽  
Valeria D'Orazio
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Mn Oxides

<p>Mitrovica area (northern Kosovo) presents contamination by PTE in agricultural soils caused by smelter emissions and their transfer and accumulation in cultivated plants. Soil A and B, sampled from two sites in Mitrovica municipality, showed a total content of Pb and Zn of 2153 and 3087 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, and 3214 and 4619 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>. A pot experiment was performed to understand the phytoremediation potential of two non-food crops (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench and Brassica napus Westar), chosen for their economic importance and heavy metal accumulation capacities. Bioconcentration factor, translocation factor and tolerance Indexes clearly indicated a better performance of canola in tolerating Pb and Zn, especially in soil B, even if contained higher amounts of both metals. To evaluate different chemical and physical forms of Pb and Zn in the two soils, a modified BCR extraction scheme was employed to determine amounts bound to different soil components: exchangeable fraction (acid-soluble, carbonate and exchangeable bound), reducing fraction (metal bound to Fe- or Mn-oxides), oxidizable fraction (organic and sulphide bound), and residual fraction (strongest binding with crystalline structure). A comparison of the sum of Pb and Zn concentrations obtained from BCR relative to total digestion values (pseudo-total concentrations) showed recoveries close to 100%. Very small amounts of Pb were released during step 1 (exchangeable fraction) (6,86% - soil A and 2,12% - soil B). The highest concentration of Pb, 62,62% in soil A and 56,68% in soil B, decreased in the reducing fraction (step 2), probably occurring mainly as forms bound to Fe/Mn oxides. Step 3 (oxidizable-organic matter “OM” and sulphides) released amounts of 23,15% and 20,32% of total Pb in soil A and B. Residual fraction presented very different amounts of Pb (7,87% in soil A and 20,88% in soil B). Unlike Pb, no important differences were found in the distribution of Zn among the various fraction of the two soils, with the greater amounts contained in the exchangeable fraction of both soils, 31.11% in soil A and 21.92% in soil B. Very small amounts of Zn were released during step 2 (19,3% in soil A and 22,27% in soil B) whereas step 3 released the highest amounts of Zn in both soils (36,56% in A and 40,17% in B). Residual fraction presents similar amounts of total Zn, 13,03% in A e 15,64% in B, showing an opposite trend with respect to Pb. So, a major portion of total Pb was associated to the reducing fraction, while Zn was found mostly in oxidable one, indipendent on the origin of samples. Pb strongly interacts with Fe-/Mn oxides, and, in soil B, a greater amount is immobilized in the residual fraction. These results suggest lower mobility and bioavailability of Pb in soil B with respect to soil A, partially explaining the pot experiment.</p>

scholarly journals EFFECT OF POLYMYXOBACTERIN ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN IN THE FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
V. F. Skarzhinsky ◽  
I.C. Broschak ◽  
Yu.T. Fedorchak ◽  
L.M. Tokmakova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Grains

The positive dynamics of Polymyxobaсterin on productivity and quality of winter wheat grains of the Smuglyanka cultivar was observed in the conditions of the western Forest-steppe of Ukraine.

Effect of Sieve Drum Inclination Angle on Wheat Grain Cleaning in a Novel Rotary Cleaning Device

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1751-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Krzysiak ◽  
Waldemar Samociuk ◽  
Anna Skic ◽  
Grzegorz Bartnik ◽  
Janusz Zarajczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Mass Separation ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Cleaning Device ◽  
Inclination Angles

Abstract. In this study, a novel rotary cleaning device was used for the separation and cleaning of wheat grains. This research analyzed the influence of the inclination angle of the sieve drum (K) of the device on the quality of these processes. In this article, the results obtained for four selected rotational speeds (nb) of the sieve drum are presented. The quality of the separation and cleaning of the wheat grains was evaluated using three cleaning process parameters: coefficient of plump grain mass separation (Wz), coefficient of fine impurities separation (Wd), and total coefficient of cleaning effectiveness (E). Based on statistical analysis of the results, the inclination angle of the sieve drum had a significant effect on the quality of the wheat grain separation process. Coefficient Wz was highest for sieve drum inclination angles of K = 0° and K = 2.5°, whereas Wd was highest for K = -2.5°. The total coefficient of cleaning effectiveness (E) was characterized by different values for different inclination angles of the sieve drum. Keywords: Cleaning effectiveness, Conical sieve, Rotary cleaning device, Wheat grain cleaning.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT IN INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF THE SHELL OF WHEAT GRAIN IN PREPARATION FOR VARIETAL GRINDING

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Yield And Quality

The effect of hydrothermal treatment on the strength of the wheat grain shell before the first torn process is investigated. It was found that the anatomical parts of wheat grains grown in arid climatic conditions are firmly interconnected, which, in turn, affects the yield and quality of varietal flour. The aim of the study is to weaken strong native connections and improve the yield and quality of flour. The effect of NaHCO3, H3PO4, CH3COOH, HCl additives to water on the yield and quality of flour was studied. Accordingly, in solutions of 0.1-0.2% hydrochloric acid and 0.3-0.8% phosphoric acid, an increase in the yield of flour and an improvement in its baking properties were determined.

scholarly journals CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE O TEOR DE PROTEÍNAS EM GRÃOS DE TRIGO E A QUALIDADE INDUSTRIAL DAS FARINHAS

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIZ CARLOS GUTKOSKI ◽  
OTONI ROSA FILHO ◽  
CASSIANA TROMBETTA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Wheat Grains

Estudou-se o efeito da concentração de proteínas do grão de trigo na qualidade industrial das farinhas, bem como o estabelecimento de curvas de calibração mediante espectrofotometria de reflectância no infravermelho proximal (NIR). Amostras de grãos de trigo dos cultivares OR 1 e Rubi foram coletadas em regiões produtoras do sul do Brasil e realizadas análises de umidade, proteína bruta, peso de mil grãos, peso do hectolitro, grau de extração, número de queda, força do glúten (W), tenacidade (P), extensibilidade (L) e relação P/L. As farinhas das amostras de trigo do cultivar Rubi mostraram-se superiores quanto às características alveográficas avaliadas em comparação com as farinhas das amostras de trigo do cultivar OR 1. O teor de proteína bruta das amostras de grãos de trigo do cultivar Rubi apresentou correlação com a força geral do glúten (0,75) e relação P/L (-0,71). Os coeficientes de determinação das equações de proteína bruta (0,99) e umidade (0,95), obtidos nas curvas de calibração pelo NIR foram adequados para predizer a concentração dos constituintes químicos avaliados. CORRELATION BETWEEN PROTEIN CONTENT IN WHEAT GRAINS AND THE INDUSTRIAL QUALITY OF FLOURS Abstract The protein content of wheat grain in the industrial quality of flours was studied, as well as the development of calibration curves by NIR. Samples of wheat cultivars OR-1 and Rubi were collected in several regions and the analysis of moisture, protein content, thousand grain weight, hectoliter weight, flour extraction grade, falling number and alveography were undertaken. The wheat flour samples of the Rubi cultivar were superior for the alveography characteristics evaluated in comparison with the wheat samples of cultivar OR1. The protein content of wheat samples cultivar Rubi showed correlation with dough strength (0,75) and P/L ratio (-0,71). The determination coefficients for protein (0,99) and moisture (0,95) equations were adequate to predict the concentration of the chemical constituents evaluated.

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

scholarly journals The Impact of Harvesting Time on Fusarium Mycotoxins in Spring Wheat Grain and Their Interaction with Grain Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Yuliia Kochiieru ◽  
Audronė Mankevičienė ◽  
Jurgita Cesevičienė ◽  
Roma Semaškienė ◽  
Jūratė Ramanauskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Full Maturity

In this work, we studied the impact of harvesting time on Fusarium mycotoxin occurrence in spring wheat and the effect of mycotoxin contamination on the quality of these grains. The spring wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) were collected in 2016–2018 when the crop had reached full maturity, 10 ± 2 days and 17 ± 3 days after full maturity. The grain samples were analyzed for Fusarium infection and co-contamination with mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), and T-2 toxin (T-2), as well as the quality of the wheat grains (mass per hectolitre, contents of protein, starch, ash and fat, particle size index (PSI), falling number, sedimentation, wet gluten content, and gluten index). The occurrence of Fusarium spp. fungi and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains was mostly influenced by the harvesting time and meteorological conditions. The correlations between Fusarium species and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains of spring wheat showed F. graminearum to be a dominant species, and as a result, higher concentrations of DON and ZEA were determined. The co-occurrence of all the three mycotoxins analyzed (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin) was identified in wheat. In rainy years, a delay in harvesting resulted in diminished grain quality of spring wheat, as indicated by grain mass per hectolitre and falling number. Negative correlations were found in highly contaminated grains between mycotoxins (DON, ZEA, and T-2) and falling number and grain mass per hectolitre values.

scholarly journals Not all biases are bad: equitable and inequitable biases in machine learning and radiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Pot ◽  
Nathalie Kieusseyan ◽  
Barbara Prainsack
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Human Decision

AbstractThe application of machine learning (ML) technologies in medicine generally but also in radiology more specifically is hoped to improve clinical processes and the provision of healthcare. A central motivation in this regard is to advance patient treatment by reducing human error and increasing the accuracy of prognosis, diagnosis and therapy decisions. There is, however, also increasing awareness about bias in ML technologies and its potentially harmful consequences. Biases refer to systematic distortions of datasets, algorithms, or human decision making. These systematic distortions are understood to have negative effects on the quality of an outcome in terms of accuracy, fairness, or transparency. But biases are not only a technical problem that requires a technical solution. Because they often also have a social dimension, the ‘distorted’ outcomes they yield often have implications for equity. This paper assesses different types of biases that can emerge within applications of ML in radiology, and discusses in what cases such biases are problematic. Drawing upon theories of equity in healthcare, we argue that while some biases are harmful and should be acted upon, others might be unproblematic and even desirable—exactly because they can contribute to overcome inequities.

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