scholarly journals Simulation of spring wheat responses to elevated CO2 and temperature by using CERES-wheat crop model

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. LAURILA
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Open Top Chamber ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Growing Conditions

The CERES-wheat crop simulation model was used to estimate the changes in phenological development and yield production of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Polkka) under different temperature and CO2 growing conditions. The effects of elevated temperature (3-4°C) and CO2 concentration (700 ppm) as expected for Finland in 2100 were simulated. The model was calibrated for long-day growing conditions in Finland. The CERES-wheat genetic coefficients for cv. Polkka were calibrated by using the MTT Agrifood Research Finland (MTT) official variety trial data (1985-1990). Crop phenological development and yield measurements from open-top chamber experiments with ambient and elevated temperature and CO2 treatments were used to validate the model. Simulated mean grain yield under ambient temperature and CO2 conditions was 6.16 t ha-1 for potential growth (4.49 t ha-1 non-potential) and 5.47 t ha-1 for the observed average yield (1992-1994) in ambient open-top chamber conditions. The simulated potential grain yield increased under elevated CO2 (700 ppm) to 142% (167% non-potential) from the simulated reference yield (100%, ambient temperature and CO2 350 ppm). Simulations for current sowing date and elevated temperature (3°C) indicate accelerated anthesis and full maturity. According to the model estimations, potential yield decreased on average to 80.4% (76.8% non-potential) due to temperature increase from the simulated reference. When modelling the concurrent elevated temperature and CO2 interaction, the increase in grain yield due to elevated CO2 was reduced by the elevated temperature. The combined CO2 and temperature effect increased the grain yield to 106% for potential growth (122% non-potential) compared to the reference. Simulating the effects of earlier sowing, the potential grain yield increased under elevated temperature and CO2 conditions to 178% (15 days earlier sowing from 15 May, 700 ppm CO2, 3°C) from the reference. Simulation results suggest that earlier sowing will substantially increase grain yields under elevated CO2 growing conditions with genotypes currently cultivated in Finland, and will mitigate the decrease due to elevated temperature. A longer growing period due to climate change will potentially enable cultivation of new cultivars adapted to a longer growing period. Finally, adaptation strategies for the crop production under elevated temperature and CO2 growing conditions are presented.;

scholarly journals A comparative ideotype, yield component and cultivation value analysis for spring wheat adaptation in Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Laurila ◽  
Pirjo Mäkelä ◽  
Jouko Kleemola ◽  
Jari Peltonen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Growing Conditions

In this study Mixed structural covariance, Path and Cultivation Value analyses and the CERES-Wheat crop model were used to evaluate vegetation and yield component variation affecting yield potential between different high-latitude (> 60° N lat.) and mid-European (< 60° N lat.) spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes currently cultivated in southern Finland. Path modeling results from this study suggest that especially grains/ear, harvest index (HI) and maximum 1000 kernel weight were significant factors defining the highest yield potential. Mixed and Cultivation value modeling results suggest that when compared with genotypes introduced for cultivation before 1990s, modern spring wheat genotypes have a significantly higher yielding capacity, current high yielding mid-European genotypes even exceeding the 5 t ha-1 non-potential baseline yield level (yb). Because of a forthcoming climate change, the new high yielding wheat genotypes have to adapt for elevated temperatures and atmospheric CO2 growing conditions in northern latitudes. The optimized ideotype profiles derived from the generic high-latitude and mid-European genotypes are presented in the results. High-latitude and mid-European ideotype profiles with factors estimating the effects of concurrent elevated CO2 and temperature levels with photoperiodical daylength effects can be utilized when designing future high yielding ideotypes adapted to future growing conditions. The CERES-Wheat ideotype modeling results imply, that with new high yielding mid-European ideotypes, the non-potential baseline yield (yb) would be on average 5150 kg ha-1 level (+ 108 %) vs. new high-latitude ideotypes (yb 4770 kg ha-1, 100%) grown under the elevated CO2(700ppm)×temperature(+3ºC) growing conditions projected by the year 2100 climate change scenario in southern Finland.

scholarly journals Heat unit requirement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different thermal and moisture regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
HIMANI BISHT ◽  
D.K. SINGH ◽  
SHALOO ◽  
A.K. MISHRA ◽  
A. SARANGI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

An experiment was conducted during 2016-17 and 2017-18 at WTC, ICAR-IARI New Delhi on wheat crop sown on three dates (15th November, 30th November and 15th December) with five irrigation treatments. The results indicated that the number of days required for attaining different phenological stages decreased with delay in sowing.For all the phenological stages, crop sown on 15th November consumed higher heat units and consequently resulted in higher yield and heat use efficiency (HUE) than that of other sowing. However, higher pheno-thermal index (PTI) values were observed for the late sown crop i.e. 15th December. Further, among the irrigation treatments, five irrigations throughout the growing period showed increase in days to physiological maturity as well as heat units and HUE for grain and biological yield as compared to other treatments. Five irrigations throughout the growing period increased the grain yield by 69 per cent and biological yield by 46 per cent that that of one irrigation at CRI stage. However, there was no significant difference observed between four and five irrigations levels. The heat units or GDD had highly significant correlation with biological yield(r=0.91) as well as with the grain yield (r=0.85).

scholarly journals Modelling a spring wheat crop under elevated CO2 and drought

2001 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Grossman-Clarke ◽  
P. J. Pinter ◽  
T. Kartschall ◽  
B. A. Kimball ◽  
D. J. Hunsaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Crop

Carbon partitioning in N2 fixing Medicago sativa plants exposed to different CO2 and temperature conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iker Aranjuelo ◽  
Juan J. Irigoyen ◽  
Manuel Sánchez-Díaz ◽  
Salvador Nogués
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Photosynthetic Acclimation ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

Many of the studies analysing the CO2 effect on plant development have been conducted in optimal growth conditions. Furthermore, although some of those studies suggest that legumes might show a steady productivity increase with rising CO2, the role of nodule activity on the plant responsiveness to predicted atmospheric CO2 enhancement is not well understood. In this study, C (metabolism and allocation) and N (nodule activity) interaction between the plant and the bacterial symbiont during the photosynthetic acclimation of N2-fixing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Aragón) plants exposed to elevated CO2 and temperature conditions was analysed. The plants were grown in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG) where, in the case of elevated CO2 treatments, the isotopic 13C/12C composition (δ13C) inside the TGG was modified. Compared with the corresponding temperature treatment, exposure to 700 μmol mol–1 CO2 enhanced dry mass (DM) of plants in elevated temperature treatments (26%), whereas no significant effect was detected in ambient temperature treatments. The δ13C data revealed that although all the carbon corresponding to leaf total organic matter (TOM) came from newly assimilated C, plants exposed to elevated CO2 did not develop strong sink activity (especially in ambient temperature conditions). Leaf carbohydrate build-up induced reduction in the Rubisco (E.C. 4.1.1.39) carboxylation capacity of plants. Despite this reduction in Rubisco content, plants exposed to elevated CO2 conditions maintained (at ambient temperature) or increased (at elevated temperature) photosynthetic rates (measured at growth conditions) by increasing N use efficiency. The larger C sink strength of nodules in plants grown at elevated CO2 and temperature conditions did not contribute towards overcoming photosynthetic acclimation. Further, the inhibitory effect of CO2 on nodule total activity was caused by a large depletion in total soluble protein (TSP) of nodules. Depletion of leaf N demand, together with the reduction in nodule carbohydrate availability (as reflected by the nodule starch concentration), negatively affected the nodule TSP content and enzymatic activity.

scholarly journals Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth and yield of wheat grown in sub-humid climate of eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP)

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-506
Author(s):  
VED PRAKASH ◽  
S. K. DWIVEDI ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR ◽  
J. S. MISHRA ◽  
K. K. RAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Physiological Maturity

The atmospheric CO2 will be in the range of 510 to 760 L-1 by the end of 21st century and mean global temperature will be 1.5 to 4.5 oC higher than the present day which has a direct and indirect effect on agriculture. India is a key global region vulnerable to climate change; however, limited studies have focused on the combine effect of CO2 enrichment and temperature on wheat production in Sub-humid climate of eastern IGP in India. To address this issue, an Open top chamber (OTCs) experiment was conducted during 2013-14, to determine the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat. Wheat cultivars (DBW 14 and HD 2967) were grown with four treatment combination of CO2 and temperature in OTCs, during the rabi season. The study revealed that wheat genotypes performed better under elevated CO2 condition in term of grain number, test weight and grain yield than an ambient condition. The greater biomass under elevated CO2 was brought about by an increase in radiation use efficiency (RUE) during both heading and physiological maturity periods. Elevated temperature decreased the grain yield but increase plant height compared to ambient temperature. Days to physiological maturity was reduced by 4 to 7 days in both the cultivars under elevated temperature condition and increased by 3 to 4 days under the elevated CO2 condition with respect to ambient condition. The elevated CO2 had positive effects whereas elevated temperature had negative effects on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat. With elevation of both CO2 and temperature, elevated CO2 compensate the negative effects of elevated temperature on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat.  

scholarly journals Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth and yield of winter rice under Jorhat condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
PARISHMITA DAS ◽  
R. L. DEKA ◽  
J. GOSWAMI ◽  
SMRITA BARUA
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature ◽  
Ambient Co2

A pot experiment was conducted during kharif, 2018 inside CO2 Temperature Gradient Tunnels (CTGT) to assess the effect of elevated CO2 and temperature [T0: ambient temperature & ambient CO2, T1: elevated temperature (ambient +1°C) & elevated CO2 (ambient+25% of ambient) and T2: elevated temperature (ambient +2°C) & elevated CO2 (ambient + 50% of ambient)] under three different transplanting dates (D1: 25th June, D2: 10th July and D3: 25th July) on growth and yield of rice in Jorhat district of Assam. The result showed that occurrence of different phenological stages was earlier under elevated CO2-Temperature conditions resulting in reduction of crop duration by about 8-15 days. On the other hand,days to tiller initiation increased whereas days to panicle initiation, flowering and physiological maturity reduced with delay in transplanting. Yield attributing parameters were improved under elevated CO2-Temperature condition. With respect to dates of transplanting, D2 recorded higher number of panicles hill-1 (17.9) and higher filled grains panicle-1 (156.6). Higher grain yield (55.9g hill-1) was found under T2 which was at par with T1 and it was significant higher over the ambient. Grain yield was significantly reduced when transplanting was delayed after 10th July. The results revealed that the growth and yield of rice was found to be better under elevated CO2-temperature levels when transplanted on 10th July.

scholarly journals Ear development and formation of grain yield in winter wheat.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Darwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

The pattern of grain production of a winter wheat crop and the effect of plant density and time of tiller emergence on grain yield/ear were studied. At harvest, ear size and ear components were ascertained and were discussed in relation to ear growth and ear development during the prefloral and postfloral growing period. Detailed information was obtained on the productivity of ear-bearing tillers and their contribution to final grain yield. Shoot productivity decreased in denser crops; ears were smaller because spikelet differentiation, grain set and grain filling were inadequate. The date that the tiller emerged largely determined its subsequent grain yield. With later tiller initiation and emergence fewer ears were produced. Moreover, these ears were smaller because spikelet initiation, spikelet differentiation, grain set and grain filling were reduced. At low and moderate plant densities, the grain yield of the early-emerged tillers only slightly lagged behind that of main shoots and max. grain yield could be achieved at moderate plant densities. It was concluded that in cereal farming, high and stable grain yields are aims to be achieved. These can be best achieved by having moderate plant densities and applying correct treatments for good crop growth. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Winter Triticale: A Long-Term Cropping Systems Experiment in a Dry Mediterranean Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1777
Author(s):  
William F. Schillinger ◽  
David W. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Summer Fallow

Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a cereal feed grain grown annually worldwide on 4.2 million ha. Washington is the leading state for rainfed (i.e., non-irrigated) triticale production in the USA. A 9-year dryland cropping systems project was conducted from 2011 to 2019 near Ritzville, WA to compare winter triticale (WT) with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (WW) grown in (i) a 3-year rotation of WT-spring wheat (SW) -no-till summer fallow (NTF) (ii) a 3-year rotation of WW-SW-undercutter tillage summer fallow (UTF) and (iii) a 2-year WW-UTF rotation, We measured grain yield, grain yield components, straw production, soil water dynamics, and effect on the subsequent SW wheat crop (in the two 3-year rotations). Enterprise budgets were constructed to evaluate the production costs and profitability. Grain yields averaged over the years were 5816, 5087, and 4689 kg/ha for WT, 3-year WW, and 2-year WW, respectively (p < 0.001). Winter triticale used slightly less water than WW (p = 0.019). Contrary to numerous reports in the literature, WT never produced more straw dry biomass than WW. Winter wheat produced many more stems than WT (p < 0.001), but this was compensated by individual stem weight of WT being 60% heavier than that of WW (p < 0.001). Spring wheat yield averaged 2451 vs. 2322 kg/ha after WT and WW, respectively (p = 0.022). The market price for triticale grain was always lower than that for wheat. Winter triticale produced an average of 14 and 24% more grain than 3-year and 2-year WW, respectively, provided foliar fungal disease control, risk reduction, and other rotation benefits, but was not economically competitive with WW. A 15–21% increase in WT price or grain yield would be necessary for the WT rotation to be as profitable as the 3-year and 2-year WW rotations, respectively.

Can elevated CO2 combined with high temperature ameliorate the effect of terminal drought in wheat?

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Dias de Oliveira ◽  
Helen Bramley ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽  
Samuel Henty ◽  
Jens Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
The Impact

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production may be affected by the future climate, but the impact of the combined increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature and incidence of drought that are predicted has not been evaluated. The combined effect of elevated CO2, high temperature and terminal drought on biomass accumulation and grain yield was evaluated in vigorous (38–19) and nonvigorous (Janz) wheat genotypes grown under elevated CO2 (700 µL L–1) combined with temperatures 2°C, 4°C and 6°C above the current ambient temperature. Terminal drought was induced in all combinations at anthesis in a split-plot design to test whether the effect of elevated CO2 combined with high temperature ameliorates the negative effects of terminal drought on biomass accumulation and grain yield. Biomass and grain yield were enhanced under elevated CO2 with 2°C above the ambient temperature, regardless of the watering regimen. The combinations of elevated CO2 plus 4°C or 6°C above the ambient temperature did not enhance biomass and grain yield, but tended to decrease them. The reductions in biomass and grain yield (45–50%) caused by terminal drought were less severe (21–28%) under elevated CO2 with 2°C above the ambient temperature. The amelioration resulted from a 63% increase in the rate of leaf net photosynthesis in 38–19 and a 39% increase in tillering and leaf area in Janz. The contrasting responses and phenological development of these two genotypes to the combination of elevated CO2, temperature and terminal drought, and the possible influences on their source–sink relationships are discussed.

Do elevated CO2 and temperature affect organic nitrogen fractions and enzyme activities in soil under rice crop?

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Partha Pratim Maity ◽  
B. Chakrabarti ◽  
T. J. Purakayastha ◽  
A. Bhatia ◽  
Namita Das Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Hydrolysable N

A study was conducted to quantify the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature on soil organic nitrogen (N) fractions and enzyme activities in rice rhizosphere. Rice crop was grown inside the open top chambers in the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute. The N was applied in four different doses. Grain yield and aboveground N uptake by rice significantly reduced under elevated temperature. However, elevated CO2 along with elevated temperature was able to compensate this loss. Principal component analysis clearly indicated that microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass N, amino acid N, total hydrolysable N, ammonia N and serine–threonine N contributed significantly to rice grain yield. Combined effect of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature decreased the total hydrolysable N, especially for lower N doses. The N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase enzyme activities were negatively correlated with the organic N pools. Higher activities of these enzymes under limited N supply may accelerate the decomposition of organic N in soil. When N was applied in super-optimal dose, plant N demand was met thereby causing lesser depletion of total hydrolysable N. Better nitrogen management will alleviate faster depletion of native soil N under future scenario of climate change and thus might cause N sequestration in soil.

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