Carbon partitioning in N2 fixing Medicago sativa plants exposed to different CO2 and temperature conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iker Aranjuelo ◽  
Juan J. Irigoyen ◽  
Manuel Sánchez-Díaz ◽  
Salvador Nogués
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Photosynthetic Acclimation ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

Many of the studies analysing the CO2 effect on plant development have been conducted in optimal growth conditions. Furthermore, although some of those studies suggest that legumes might show a steady productivity increase with rising CO2, the role of nodule activity on the plant responsiveness to predicted atmospheric CO2 enhancement is not well understood. In this study, C (metabolism and allocation) and N (nodule activity) interaction between the plant and the bacterial symbiont during the photosynthetic acclimation of N2-fixing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Aragón) plants exposed to elevated CO2 and temperature conditions was analysed. The plants were grown in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG) where, in the case of elevated CO2 treatments, the isotopic 13C/12C composition (δ13C) inside the TGG was modified. Compared with the corresponding temperature treatment, exposure to 700 μmol mol–1 CO2 enhanced dry mass (DM) of plants in elevated temperature treatments (26%), whereas no significant effect was detected in ambient temperature treatments. The δ13C data revealed that although all the carbon corresponding to leaf total organic matter (TOM) came from newly assimilated C, plants exposed to elevated CO2 did not develop strong sink activity (especially in ambient temperature conditions). Leaf carbohydrate build-up induced reduction in the Rubisco (E.C. 4.1.1.39) carboxylation capacity of plants. Despite this reduction in Rubisco content, plants exposed to elevated CO2 conditions maintained (at ambient temperature) or increased (at elevated temperature) photosynthetic rates (measured at growth conditions) by increasing N use efficiency. The larger C sink strength of nodules in plants grown at elevated CO2 and temperature conditions did not contribute towards overcoming photosynthetic acclimation. Further, the inhibitory effect of CO2 on nodule total activity was caused by a large depletion in total soluble protein (TSP) of nodules. Depletion of leaf N demand, together with the reduction in nodule carbohydrate availability (as reflected by the nodule starch concentration), negatively affected the nodule TSP content and enzymatic activity.

scholarly journals Which are the most important parameters for modelling carbon assimilation in boreal Norway spruce under elevated [CO2] and temperature conditions?

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1156-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hall ◽  
B. E. Medlyn ◽  
G. Abramowitz ◽  
O. Franklin ◽  
M. Rantfors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

scholarly journals Organic matter exudation by <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> under simulated future ocean conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1199-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Borchard ◽  
A. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Greenhouse Condition ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Extracellular Release ◽  
Aggregation Processes ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

Abstract. Emiliania huxleyi (strain B 92/11) was exposed to different growth, CO2 and temperature conditions in phosphorous controlled chemostats, to investigate effects on organic carbon exudation, and partitioning between the pools of particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). 14C incubation measurements for primary production (PP) and for extracellular release (ER) were performed. Chemical analysis included amount and composition of high molecular weight dissolved combined carbohydrates (>1 kDa, HMW-dCCHO), particulate combined carbohydrates (pCCHO) and the carbon content of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP-C). Applied CO2 and temperature conditions were 300, 550 and 900 μatm pCO2 at 14 °C, and additionally 900 μatm pCO2 at 18 °C simulating a greenhouse ocean scenario. A reduction in growth rate from μ =0.3 d−1 to μ =0.1 d−1 induced the most profound effect on the performance of E. huxleyi, relative to the effect of elevated CO2 and temperature. At μ =0.3 d−1, PP was significantly higher at elevated CO2 and temperature. DO14C production correlated to PO14C production in all cultures, resulting in similar percentages of extracellular release (DO14C/PP × 100; PER) of averaged 3.74 &amp;pm; 0.94%. At μ =0.1 d−1, PO14C decreased significantly, while exudation of DO14C increased, thus leading to a stronger partitioning from the particulate to the dissolved pool. Maximum PER of 16.3 &amp;pm; 2.3% were observed at μ =0.1 d−1 at greenhouse conditions. Concentrations of HMW-dCCHO and pCCHO were generally higher at μ =0.1 d−1 compared to μ =0.3 d−1. At μ =0.3 d−1, pCCHO concentration increased significantly along with elevated CO2 and temperature. Despite of high PER, the percentage of HMW-dCCHO was smallest at greenhouse conditions. However, highest TEP-formation was observed under greenhouse conditions, together with a pronounced increase in pCCHO concentration, suggesting a stronger partitioning of PP from DOC to POC by coagulation of exudates. Our results imply that greenhouse condition will enhance exudation processes in E. huxleyi and may affect organic carbon partitioning in the ocean due to an enhanced transfer of HMW-dCCHO to TEP by aggregation processes.

scholarly journals Response of soybean genotypes to iron limiting stress in calcareous vertisol under ambient and elevated CO2 and temperature conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Kiran Karthik Raj ◽  
◽  
R.N. Pandey ◽  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
M.C. Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Soybean Genotype ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

Aim: To compare the relative performance of two contrasting genotypes of soybean to iron limiting conditions under ambient and elevated CO2 and temperature conditions. Methodology: A pot culture experiment was performed using calcareous vertisol soil. The environmental factors viz. CO2 and temperature were combined and applied as a single factor with two levels: a-[CO2+T] (400±10 µmol mol-1, day/night temperature 30oC/22oC) and e-[CO2+T] (610±10 µmol mol-1, day/night temperature 34oC/26oC). Soybean genotype that differed in iron use efficiency was used as another factor and two contrasting genotypes were used as two levels viz. iron efficient and responsive (FeER) and iron inefficient and responsive (FeIR). Results: The higher partial pressure of CO2 under elevated carbon dioxide and temperature condition (Pco2 = 61.8 Pa) dissolved the native CaCO3 from calcareous vertisol soil and thereby resulted in higher HCO3- ion concentration. The antagonistic interaction between Fe2+ with HCO3- ion resulted in greater iron stress. As compared to ambient condition, seed yield was significantly reduced under more stressed e-[CO2+T] condition and resulted in ~1.4 and ~1.9 times drop in FeER and FeIR genotypes, respectively. Iron efficient and responsive (FeER) genotype recorded an impressive performance, as compared to the iron inefficient and responsive (FeIR) genotype, in counteracting iron deficiency stress, both under ambient and elevated conditions. Interpretation: The intra-specific variability between soybean genotypes and their response to elevated CO2 and temperature can be exploited to remediate the emerging iron deficiency stress in soybean plants and suggest ways to structure the future breeding programmes to adapt to the climate change. Key words: Calcareous vertisol, Chlorosis, Climate change, CO2, Soybean

scholarly journals Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on crop growth and yield attributes of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
MEENA KUMARI ◽  
S.C. VERMA ◽  
S.K. BHARDWAJ
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Natural Condition ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

Investigations were carried out during 2014 and 2015 to study the effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth and yield contributing parameters of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under open top chamber (OTC) at research farm of Department of Environmental Science, Dr Y.S. Parmar UHF, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh with four treatments [T1(eCO2): OTC with elevated CO2 550±10 ppm; T2(eT & eCO2): elevated temperature by 1°C and elevated CO2 550±10 ppm; T3(aT & aCO2): ambient temperature and CO2 and T4: natural condition] and each treatment had two varieties (California Wonder and Solan Bharpur) of bell pepper which were replicated thrice. Results revealed that bell pepper recorded maximum plant height, leaf area, yield attributes under eCO2 which were significantly higher than all other treatments. However, the harvest duration and days to first harvest was lowest under eCO2. Higherfruit size as well as fruit weight was recorded with eCO2 followed by eT and eCO2, aT and aCO2 and open natural condition. But maximum number of fruits and highest fruit yield was obtained with natural condition which was significantly superior over eCO2 as well as over eT and eCO2 because increase in temperature negated fruit set due to less pollen viability under eCO2 and eT & eCO2 as compared to open. In open natural conditions due to higher pollen viability and more fruit setting as compared to higher CO2 andtemperature conditions, it resulted more yield. Solan Bharpur recorded higher total fruit yield (800.2 g plant-1) than California Wonder (399.1 g plant-1). Elevated CO2 has positive effect on plant growth and yield attributes in both cultivars of bell pepper. However, under interactive effect of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature, rising temperature negated the positive effects of elevated CO2 on crop production.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 and temperature effect on growth and physiology of Chenopodium album L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
MANILA BHATIA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Relative Stress ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature ◽  
Effect On Growth

A study was conducted in open top chambers (OTCs) to understand the effect of elevated temperature (ambient+2±0.5oC) and elevated CO2 (550±50 ppm) individually and in combination on Chenopodium album. Impact of the climate variables was studied in terms of selected plant attributes, viz., leaf area, RGR etc. Study showed that elevated temperature as well as elevated CO2 individually and in combination had significant positive effect on growth and development, rate of photosynthesis, and water use efficiency of the Chenopodium album. Rate of transpiration and stomatal conductance increased marginally in plants grown at elevated temperature, but a marked decrease was evident at elevated CO2 individually and in combination with elevated temperature as compared that in plants grown in ambient conditions in the Chenopodium album. No significant changes were observed in relative water content and relative stress injury under any of the Chenopodium album. Treatments changes were evident with respect to the activity of antioxidant enzymes and nitrate reductase and peptide banding pattern using SDS-PAGE. This research was conducted to examine the joint effects of increased temperature and elevated CO2 level onChenopodium album (C3 weed). Results from this experiment suggested that rising (CO2) could alter physiochemical response for growth and development of Chenopodium album and it is well defined competitors with different crops in current changing climate conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth and yield of winter rice under Jorhat condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
PARISHMITA DAS ◽  
R. L. DEKA ◽  
J. GOSWAMI ◽  
SMRITA BARUA
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature ◽  
Ambient Co2

A pot experiment was conducted during kharif, 2018 inside CO2 Temperature Gradient Tunnels (CTGT) to assess the effect of elevated CO2 and temperature [T0: ambient temperature & ambient CO2, T1: elevated temperature (ambient +1°C) & elevated CO2 (ambient+25% of ambient) and T2: elevated temperature (ambient +2°C) & elevated CO2 (ambient + 50% of ambient)] under three different transplanting dates (D1: 25th June, D2: 10th July and D3: 25th July) on growth and yield of rice in Jorhat district of Assam. The result showed that occurrence of different phenological stages was earlier under elevated CO2-Temperature conditions resulting in reduction of crop duration by about 8-15 days. On the other hand,days to tiller initiation increased whereas days to panicle initiation, flowering and physiological maturity reduced with delay in transplanting. Yield attributing parameters were improved under elevated CO2-Temperature condition. With respect to dates of transplanting, D2 recorded higher number of panicles hill-1 (17.9) and higher filled grains panicle-1 (156.6). Higher grain yield (55.9g hill-1) was found under T2 which was at par with T1 and it was significant higher over the ambient. Grain yield was significantly reduced when transplanting was delayed after 10th July. The results revealed that the growth and yield of rice was found to be better under elevated CO2-temperature levels when transplanted on 10th July.

scholarly journals Does ear C sink strength contribute to overcoming photosynthetic acclimation of wheat plants exposed to elevated CO2?

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 3957-3969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iker Aranjuelo ◽  
Llorenç Cabrera-Bosquet ◽  
Rosa Morcuende ◽  
Jean Christophe Avice ◽  
Salvador Nogués ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Photosynthetic Acclimation ◽  
Sink Strength

scholarly journals Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Temperature Affect Seed Composition, Mineral Nutrition, and 15N and 13C Dynamics in Soybean Genotypes under Controlled Environments

2017 ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Yanbo Hu ◽  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
Hamed K. Abbas ◽  
My Abdelmajid Kassem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

The seed nutrition of crops is affected by global climate changes due to elevated CO2 and temperatures. Information on the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on seed nutrition is very limited in spite of its importance in seed quality and food security. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on seed composition (protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars) and mineral nutrition in two soybean cultivars under controlled environments. The treatments were ambient CO2 concentrations (360 μmol mol-1) and elevated CO2 concentration (700 μmol mol-1) as well as normal temperature (26/16°C) and elevated temperature (45/35°C). Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions until the R5 stage, and then, transferred to growth chambers until full maturity (R8). Elevated temperature or a combination of elevated temperature and elevated CO2 resulted in a decrease in seed protein and linolenic acid concentrations and an increase in oil and oleic acid in cultivars Williams 82 (MGIII) and Hutcheson (MG V). Seed sucrose, glucose, and fructose decreased, whereas raffinose and stachyose remained relatively stable. Minerals also decreased under elevated CO2 and temperature. Among those that decreased were N, P, K, Zn, Fe, and B. Natural abundance of 15N and 13C isotopes was altered only under high temperature, regardless of CO2 concentration, indicating that changes in nitrogen and carbon metabolism occurred at elevated temperature. The increase in oil and oleic acid and decrease in linolenic acid are desirable, as high oleic acid and low linolenic acid contribute to the stability and longer shelf-life of oil. The combination of low protein and high oil was due to the inverse relationship between them. This study showed that seed composition and seed mineral nutrients can be affected by elevated temperature alone or elevated CO2 and temperature. This information is beneficial for selecting varieties with high seed nutritional qualities and efficient mineral nutrient use and uptake, traits that are related to seed production, seed quality, and food security. Also, it provides further knowledge on the effect of climate change on seed quality.

scholarly journals Organic matter exudation by <I>Emiliania huxleyi</I> under simulated future ocean conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3405-3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Borchard ◽  
A. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Extracellular Release ◽  
Aggregation Processes ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

Abstract. Emiliania huxleyi (strain B 92/11) was exposed to different nutrient supply, CO2 and temperature conditions in phosphorus controlled chemostats to investigate effects on organic carbon exudation and partitioning between the pools of particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). 14C incubation measurements for primary production (PP) and extracellular release (ER) were performed. Chemical analysis included the amount and composition of high molecular weight (>1 kDa) dissolved combined carbohydrates (HMW-dCCHO), particulate combined carbohydrates (pCCHO) and the carbon content of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP-C). Applied CO2 and temperature conditions were 300, 550 and 900 μatm pCO2 at 14 °C, and additionally 900 μatm pCO2 at 18 °C simulating a greenhouse ocean scenario. Enhanced nutrient stress by reducing the dilution rate (D) from D = 0.3 d−1 to D = 0.1 d−1 (D = μ) induced the strongest response in E. huxleyi. At μ = 0.3 d−1, PP was significantly higher at elevated CO2 and temperature and DO14C production correlated to PO14C production in all treatments, resulting in similar percentages of extracellular release (PER; (DO14C production/PP) × 100) averaging 3.74 ± 0.94%. At μ = 0.1 d−1, PO14C production decreased significantly, while exudation of DO14C increased. Thus, indicating a stronger partitioning from the particulate to the dissolved pool. Maximum PER of 16.3 ± 2.3% were observed at μ = 0.1 d−1 at elevated CO2 and temperature. While cell densities remained constant within each treatment and throughout the experiment, concentrations of HMW-dCCHO, pCCHO and TEP were generally higher under enhanced nutrient stress. At μ = 0.3 d−1, pCCHO concentration increased significantly with elevated CO2 and temperature. At μ = 0.1 d−1, the contribution (mol % C) of HMW-dCCHO to DOC was lower at elevated CO2 and temperature while pCCHO and TEP concentrations were higher. This was most pronounced under greenhouse conditions. Our findings suggest a stronger transformation of primary produced DOC into POC by coagulation of exudates under nutrient limitation. Our results further imply that elevated CO2 and temperature will increase exudation by E. huxleyi and may affect organic carbon partitioning in the ocean due to an enhanced transfer of HMW-dCCHO to TEP by aggregation processes.

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