scholarly journals Evaluating adaptation and the production development of Finnish agriculture in climate and global change

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Sakari Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Sector Model ◽  
Nutrient Surplus ◽  
High Opportunity Cost

Agricultural product prices and policies influence the development of crop yields under climate change through farm level management decisions. On this basis, five main scenarios were specified for agricultural commodity prices and crop yields. An economic agricultural sector model was used in order to assess the impacts of the scenarios on production, land use and farm income in Finland. The results suggest that falling crop yields, if realized due to low prices and restrictive policies, will result in decreasing crop and livestock production and increasing nutrient surplus. Slowly increasing crop yields could stabilise production and increase farm income. Significantly higher crop prices and yields are required, however, for any marked increase in production in Finland. Cereals production would increase relatively more than livestock production, if there were high prices for agricultural products. This is explained by abundant land resources, a high opportunity cost of labour and policies maintaining current dairy and beef production.

scholarly journals On the Dynamic Relationship between U.S. Farm Income and Macroeconomic Variables

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungho Baek ◽  
Won W. Koo
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

This study examines the short- and long-run effects of changes in macroeconomic variables—agricultural commodity prices, interest rates and exchange rates—on the U.S. farm income. For this purpose, we adopt an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration with quarterly data for 1989–2008. Results show that the exchange rate plays a crucial role in determining the long-ran behavior of U.S. farm income, but has little effect in the short-run. We also find that the commodity price and interest rate have been significant determinants of U.S. farm income in both the short- and long-run over the past two decades.

scholarly journals Economic Assessment of Producing Corn and Cellulosic Ethanol Mandate on Agricultural Producers and Consumers in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Naveen C. Adusumilli ◽  
Ronald D. Lacewell ◽  
C. Robert Taylor ◽  
M. Edward Rister
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Biomass Crop

Strong support for the biofuels program in the USA is expected to influence dedicated biomass crops production. Their production is expected to compete for resources with traditional crops and in turn influence commodity prices, economic surplus, and trade balance. Implications of dedicated biomass crop as bioenergy feedstock, alternative energy policies, and government initiatives on agricultural producers and consumers are evaluated using a national quantitative model, AGSIM. Economic impacts include effect on cropping patterns, crop prices, fertilizer prices, consumer and producer surplus, and trade balance. Economic analyses based on alternative assumptions related to marginal lands currently in conservation use returning to crop production as well as biomass crop yields are conducted. Results indicate that present biofuel policies are associated with large costs to consumers in terms of increased commodity prices and negative trade balance. Increase in net farm income is offset by decrease in consumer surplus. The results represent a robust set of economic impacts, which suggests policy makers to consider the unexpected economic consequences of bioenergy policy and warrants consideration of multiple alternative energy sources to achieve a sustainable energy goal.

scholarly journals Implications of a Carbon-Based Energy Tax for U.S. Agriculture

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe A. Schneider ◽  
Bruce A. McCarl
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Sector Model

Policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions are likely to increase energy prices. Higher energy prices raise farmer costs for diesel and other fuels, irrigation water, farm chemicals, and grain drying. Simultaneously, renewable energy options become more attractive to agricultural producers. We consider both of these impacts, estimating the economic and environmental consequences of higher energy prices on U.S. agriculture. To do this we employ a price-endogenous agricultural sector model and solve that model for a range of carbon-tax-based energy price changes. Our results show mostly positive impacts on net farm income in the intermediate run. Through market price adjustments, fossil fuel costs are largely passed on to consumers. Additional farm revenue arises from the production of biofuels when carbon taxes reach $30 per ton of carbon or more. Positive environmental benefits include not only greenhouse gas emission offsets but also reduced levels of nitrogen leaching.

scholarly journals Anchor Borrower Programme on Agricultural Commodity Price and Employment Generation in Kebbi State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Saheed Zakaree S. ◽  
Alexander A.A. ◽  
Isa Abdulmumin A. ◽  
Adeneye O.A.
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Low investment in the agricultural sector, as well as problem of financing are among the major challenges hindering farmers in the rural areas engaging in mechanized farming that might increase food supply, and thereby checking the agricultural commodity prices, and possibly creating more job opportunity in the agricultural sector. In an effort to meet the food supply for the growing population of the country, the government introduced various policies aimed at achieving self-sufficiency in basic food supply, among these policies is the Anchor Borrower Programme. This study examines the impact of Anchor Borrower Program on agricultural commodity price and employment generation in Kebbi state, Nigeria. Data were collected through interview and structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 400 farmers in Argungu L.G.A, of which 360 questionnaire were correctly filled and returned. A multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the data. The results reveal that Anchor Borrower Programmes (ABP) supports for farmer have a positive and statistically significant impact on agricultural commodity price (ACP) and employment generation (EMPG) in agricultural sector in Kebbi state, particularly in Argungu LGA. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that anchor borrower programme policy in Nigeria should be encouraged and subjected to periodic review so as to provide more platforms for employment generation and stabilize agricultural commodity price in Kebbi state, particularly in Argungu LGA.

scholarly journals The Optimization of Bayesian Extreme Value: Empirical Evidence for the Agricultural Commodities in the US

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Jittima Singvejsakul ◽  
Chukiat Chaiboonsri ◽  
Songsak Sriboonchitta
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Prices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Optimal Point ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Optimal Interval

Bayesian extreme value analysis was used to forecast the optimal point in agricultural commodity futures prices in the United States for cocoa, coffee, corn, soybeans and wheat. Data were collected daily between 2000 and 2020. The estimation of extreme value can be empirically interpreted as representing crises or unusual time series trends, while the extreme optimal point is useful for investors and agriculturists to make decisions and better understand agricultural commodities future prices warning levels. Results from the Non-stationary Extreme Value Analysis (NEVA) software package using Bayesian inference and the Newton-optimal methods provided optimal interval values. These indicated extreme maximum points of future prices to inform investors and agriculturists to sell the contract and product before the commodity prices dropped to the next local minimum values. Thus, agriculturists can use this information as an advanced warming of alarming points of agricultural commodity prices to predict the efficient quantity of their agricultural product to sell, with better ways to manage this risk.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENYULUHAN BUDIDAYA HASIL PERTANIAN BERBASIS SMS GATEWAY DI KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Elmayati Elmayati
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Remote Areas

ABSTRAK Sebagai daerah agraris, sektor pertanian menjadi mata pencaharian terpenting bagi sebagian besar masyarakat di kabupaten Musi Rawas. Untuk itu Pengembangan potensi lahan dan pemberdayaan pelaku usaha tani menjadi bidang garapan yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus. Dalam upaya tersebut, penyuluhan pertanian menjadi faktor penting, penyuluhan pertanian bukan lagi hanya sebagai faktor pelancar pembangunan akan tetapi sabagai pemicu sekaligus pemacu pembangunan pertanian (Dimas dan Djuaini, 2014) khususnya di Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Kendala terbesar dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan penyuluhan  di kabupaten Musi Rawas yaitu faktor luas wilayah serta letak geografis Kabupaten Musi Rawas dimana kabupaten Musi Rawas memiliki luas daerah lebih kurang 2.256,44 km2 dengan kontur geografis perbukitan sehingga pelaksanaan pelayanan penyuluhan pertanian tidak dapat dilakukan dengan cepat, tepat serta menjangkau wilayah pelosok. SMS Gateway merupakan perpaduan antara teknologi komunikasi dan teknologi informasi. SMS Gateway dapat melakukan pengiriman dan penerimaan data melalui SMS yang dikirim oleh ponsel ke komputer atau dari komputer ke ponsel (Latief Noor Astuwaito, 2012). Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi tersebut maka para petani di kabupaten Musi Rawas akan lebih mudah mendapatkan informasi tentang tata cara budidaya tanaman pertanian, harga komoditi pertanian serta permasalahan tentang pertanian. Selain itu juga pelaksanaan kegiatan penyuluhan pertanian akan lebih mudah dan mampu menjangkau wilayah pelosok.   Kata kunci : penyuluh, smsgateway, web   ABSTRACT  As an agricultural area, the agricultural sector is the most important livelihood for most people in the district of Musi Rawas. For this reason, the development of land potential and empowerment of farmer actors is a field of work that needs special attention. In this effort, agricultural counseling is an important factor, agricultural extension is no longer just a factor of accelerating development but as a trigger as well as boosting agricultural development (Dimas and Djuaini, 2014) especially in the District of Musi Rawas. The biggest obstacle in the implementation of extension activities in the four lawang district is the factor of area and geographical location of the Musi Rawas District where Musi Rawas district has an area of ​​approximately 2,256.44 km2 with geographical contours of the hills so that the implementation of agricultural extension services cannot be carried out quickly, precisely and reach remote areas. SMS Gateway is a combination of communication technology and information technology. SMS Gateway can send and receive data via SMS sent by cellphone to computer or from computer to cellphone (Latief Noor Astuwaito, 2012). By utilizing this technology, the farmers in the Four Lawang district will find it easier to obtain information about the procedures for cultivating agricultural crops, agricultural commodity prices and problems regarding agriculture. In addition, the implementation of agricultural extension activities will be easier and able to reach remote areas.   Keywords : agent, smsgateway, web

Estimation of economic specialization of Ukrainian regions in the context of global trends

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Economic Specialization

The scale and deep heterogeneity of the national economy of Ukraine in the regional context make the relevance of scientific research in this thematic area. The purpose of the article is to determine the economic specialization of the regions of Ukraine by key economic activities contributing to the formation of gross value added, as well as outlining the potential risks to the national economy, taking into account the situation on world commodity markets. The results of the research showed that one of the consequences of the unstable dynamics of industrial production in Ukraine under the influence of geopolitical and macroeconomic factors is the reduction of industrial specialization of the economy of a number of Ukrainian regions. Thus, in 2017 the manufacturing was the leading economic activity (with the highest share in the gross value added created) in 11 regions, compared to 15 in 2012. So Poltava, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhya regions are considered to be “highly industrial”. At the same time, the agrarian specialization of the economy of Ukraine and its regions deepened – in 2017 agriculture became the leading type of economic activity in 11 regions (compared to 7 in 2012). The most “agrarian” in Ukraine (with a share of agriculture in gross value added over 30%) in 2017 became the Kherson, Kirovohrad and Khmelnytsky regions. Increasing the level of “agrarianization” of the national economy in the context of volatility of agricultural commodity prices on the world markets poses significant risks for the socio-economic development of Ukraine and its regions. These risks are exacerbated by the high amplitude of fluctuations in the volume and structure of domestic agricultural products and the low degree of processing of raw materials. To improve the structure of domestic commodity exports (in the direction of increasing its share of products with a higher degree of processing) and to deepen its diversification, a number of measures should be carried out aimed at stimulating export activity of enterprises (industrial and agro-industrial), carrying out technical and technological re-equipment of industrial and export production bases, creation of new high-tech industries on the basis of the implementation of powerful innovation and investment projects.

Prediction of Future Market Price for Agricultural Commodities

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Pathane ◽  
Uttam Patil ◽  
Nandini Sidnal
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Graphical Interface ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Agriculture Products

The agricultural commodity prices have a volatile nature which may increase or decrease inconsistently causing an adverse effect on the economy. The work carried out here for predicting prices of agricultural commodities is useful for the farmers because of which they can sow appropriate crop depending on its future price. Agriculture products have seasonal rates, these rates are spread over the entire year. If these rates are known/alerted to the farmers in advance, then it will be promising on ROI (Return on Investments). It requires that the rates of the agricultural products updated into the dataset of each state and each crop, in this application five crops are considered. The predictions are done based on neural networks Neuroph framework in java platform and also the previous years data. The results are produced on mobile application using android. Web based interface is also provided for displaying processed commodity rates in graphical interface. Agricultural experts can follow these graphs and predict market rates which can be informed to the farmers. The results will be provided based on the location of the users of this application.

scholarly journals Economic and Environmental Consequences of the ECJ Genome Editing Judgment in Agriculture

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212
Author(s):  
Alexander Gocht ◽  
Nicola Consmüller ◽  
Ferike Thom ◽  
Harald Grethe
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Eu

Genome-edited crops are on the verge of being placed on the market and their agricultural and food products will thus be internationally traded soon. National regulations, however, diverge regarding the classification of genome-edited crops. Major countries such as the US and Brazil do not specifically regulate genome-edited crops, while in the European Union, they fall under GMO legislation, according to the European Court of Justice (ECJ). As it is in some cases impossible to analytically distinguish between products from genome-edited plants and those from non-genome-edited plants, EU importers may fear the risk of violating EU legislation. They may choose not to import any agricultural and food products based on crops for which genome-edited varieties are available. Therefore, crop products of which the EU is currently a net importer would become more expensive in the EU, and production would intensify. Furthermore, an intense substitution of products covered and not covered by genome editing would occur in consumption, production, and trade. We analyzed the effects of such a cease of EU imports for cereals and soy in the EU agricultural sector with the comparative static agricultural sector equilibrium model CAPRI. Our results indicate dramatic effects on agricultural and food prices as well as on farm income. The intensification of EU agriculture may result in negative net environmental effects in the EU as well as in an increase in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This suggests that trade effects should be considered when developing domestic regulation for genome-edited crops.

scholarly journals Influence of Market Diversification on Farm Income Variability of Soybean Producers

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
B. R. Eddleman ◽  
J. E. Moya-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Production Variability ◽  
Income Variability ◽  
Marketing Actions

Many decisions made by farm producers are based on expectations. The process of formulating and incorporating these expectations into decision making is difficult when high variability occurs in product prices, crop yields, production costs, or other factors affecting net income. Farm producers may be influenced by a number of goals in selecting combinations of crops to produce and marketing outlets for the crops. Two goals generally held to be important to farm decision makers are maximization of net income and net income stability. Given the price, yield, and cost of production variability characteristics of a farm enterprise and these two goals of farm decision makers, a fundamental problem is to determine what combination of alternative marketing actions can best satisfy the two objectives. A systematic examination of the relationship between the level of net income and net income variability for combinations of marketing alternatives would aid farmers in deciding on marketing actions to attain these goals.

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