scholarly journals Family formation and structure in Finland

1995 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Jarl Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Premarital Cohabitation ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
One Parent Families ◽  
Consensual Unions ◽  
Weak Tendency

The article is an overview of the changes in family formation and structure in Finland during the last few decades. The period examined extends from the 1950s until the beginning of the 1990s with the emphasis on the current situation. The article starts with a look on the changes in union establishment and shows that, on the whole, the age at starting the union has been unchanged if one takes into consideration that a union today starts with premarital cohabitation. There are more divorces than earlier. The dissolution frequency is higher among consensual unions than in marriages. The most common type of family is a family consisting of married parents with children. Living in marriage has decreased among young persons while consensual unions have become more common. The proportion of one-parent families has been almost unchanged during the last two decades. In the 1990s there has been a weak tendency to a growing proportion of families with three children. The most apparent trend during the following decades will be the rapidly growing number of families without children.

scholarly journals Research methods in Sociolinguistics

AILA Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
The 1950S

The development of Sociolinguistics has been qualitatively and quantitatively outstanding within Linguistic Science since its beginning in the 1950s, with a steady growth in both theoretical and methodological developments as well as in its interdisciplinary directions within the spectrum of language and society. Field methods in sociolinguistic studies have been motivated by the various research objectives pursued: sociological, sociolinguistic, or linguistic goals. The aim of this paper is twofold: (i) to provide a review of the theoretical movements within Sociolinguistics, and, on the basis of this review, (ii) to explore their consequences and implications on the research methods used in the field. This will be achieved by conducting both a retrospective synthesis of past developments and achievements, and an exploration of the current situation and of potential future developments.

scholarly journals Consensual unions and fertility

1993 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Jarl Lindgren ◽  
Marketta Ritamies ◽  
Anneli Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Premarital Cohabitation ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Union ◽  
First Child ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Consensual Unions

This article examines how consensual unions affect the childbearing of couples who live in a marriage which has been preceded by premarital cohabitation. The study is focused on women under the age of 30 when they started their first union. It is based on three five-year cohorts who started living together in 1970-1984. The material used is from a survey carried out in 1989. The study deals with the pattern and frequency of giving birth to the first child by comparing the childbearing of the directly married with those whose marriage was preceded by cohabitation. By comparing the total number of children borne by women who have lived in an extra-marital cohabitation with different national means, the effect of pre-marital cohabitation on fertility is estimated. The study has shown that the total number of children in families is related to the length o  premarital cohabitation. The couples who have lived longer without marriage tend to have less children than the directly married.

scholarly journals Separations among Finnish women born between 1938-1967

1996 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Fjalar Finnäs
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Consensual Unions

The study of dissolutions in Finland until 1989 confirms corresponding findings from other countries. Consensual unions and marriages preceded by consensual unions were less stable than direct marriages. We do not interpret this as a causal relation, but rather as an outcome of a selection process. The choice of type of union is an indicator of the general attitudes and norms with respect to family formation and divorces. Furthermore, it is no longer meaningful to classify the unions according to formal marital status at the entry into the union. At present less than one union out of ten is a direct marriage, and we should instead focus on the marital status at entry into parenthood.

Erythrophagocytosis in the Liver in Hemolytic Anemias

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
O. T. Minick ◽  
E. Orfei ◽  
F. Volini ◽  
G. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System ◽  
Important Site

Hemolytic anemias were produced in rats by administering phenylhydrazine or anti-erythrocytic (rooster) serum, the latter having agglutinin and hemolysin titers exceeding 1:1000.Following administration of phenylhydrazine, the erythrocytes undergo oxidative damage and are removed from the circulation by the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system, predominantly by the spleen. With increasing dosage or if animals are splenectomized, the Kupffer cells become an important site of sequestration and are greatly hypertrophied. Whole red cells are the most common type engulfed; they are broken down in digestive vacuoles, as shown by the presence of acid phosphatase activity (Fig. 1). Heinz body material and membranes persist longer than native hemoglobin. With larger doses of phenylhydrazine, erythrocytes undergo intravascular fragmentation, and the particles phagocytized are now mainly red cell fragments of varying sizes (Fig. 2).

Ultrastructural diagnosis of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
S. Siew
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Abdominal Discomfort ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Peritoneal Implant ◽  
Morphological Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Neoplasia

Mesothelial cells constitute the lining of the three serous sacs of the body i.e. the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum. The more common type of malignant neoplasia of the serous sacs is seeding by metastatic tumors and primary malignancy of the mesothelium is unusual. Of the three sacs, the pleura is the most common site of malignant mesothelioma. Involvement of the peritoneum is extremely rare.We report 3 cases of malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum. All of them were female. Their ages were 57, 67 and 72 years, respectively. The patients presented with abdominal discomfort and/or ascites. The extent of the tumors ranged from a peritoneal implant to widespread infiltration of the peritoneum and omentum. Histologic examination in Case 1 showed the presence of a diffusely infiltrating papillary mesothelioma without a sarcomatoid component. A mesodermal element was present in the other two cases. In order to establish a morphological diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma, the possibility has to be excluded of a metastatic adenocarcinoma.

Rethinking the 1950s

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Delton
Keyword(s):  
The 1950S
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