scholarly journals Analisis Komparasi Hapiness Index 5 Negara di Asean

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
I Wayan Suparta ◽  
Rizka Malia
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Index ◽  
Personal Impact ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Right

The limitation of economic indicators in representing the level of community welfare has increased the world's attention to social aspects of development. Development progress, which has been seen more by economic indicators, such as economic growth and poverty reduction, is considered insufficient to reflect the right level of welfare. This study aims to determine the effect of GDP per capita, environmental index, and unemployment on the happiness index of 9 countries in ASEAN. Estimation results show that the variable GDP per capita significantly and negatively influences the happiness index. The environmental index has a positive effect on the Happiness Index, and unemployment has a positive impact on the happiness index. Based on the results of special effects, there are individual effect values ​​in 9 ASEAN countries. Singapore is the country with the most significant personal impact, and the Philippines is the country with the smallest particular effect.  

scholarly journals GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM ASEAN COUNTRIES

TRIKONOMIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of globalization toward economic growth in ASEAN countries during 2012 to 2017. The research method used judgmental sampling with samples of 11 countries. They were Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The analysis used path analysis to examine the impact between the variables of globalization and economic growth. Globalization was determined by globalization index, economic globalization, social globalization, and politic globalization. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita are used as a proxy for economic growth. The finding results are that globalization index, economic globalization, social globalization, and politic globalization have a significant positive association with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Overall globalization evidence the positive impact on economic growth in ASEAN Countries.

scholarly journals Economic Development and Environmental Degradation in ASEAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irsyad Ilham
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries

The economic development in ASEAN still declines environmental quality, whereas the worst environmental quality became negative externality reduce output in many sectors of ASEAN’s economy. This paper aimed to analyze the two-way relationship among economic development and environmental degradation in ASEAN with the factors which influenced it. This article used a panel data from eight ASEAN countries with the period of 2004 – 2013. The analysis method used simultaneous equation model. The results showed the two-way relationship between economic development and environmental degradation in ASEAN existed. Moreover, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and energy consumption had a positive impact on environmental degradation. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide emission per capita and trade openness had a positive effect on economic development. Therefore, the economic development strategy for ASEAN countries should be directed to increase GDP per capita and reduce the energy consumption.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6024

Human Rights, Poverty Reduction, Opportunities, and the Multinational Enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 887-908
Author(s):  
Scott A. Hipsher
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Single Set

There is near universal agreement the human rights of all individuals should be respected. Yet in practice, there are differences of opinions over the universality and application of human rights in specific situations. Instead of advocating excessive scrutiny and regulation of human rights based on a single set of values, thus discouraging FDI in the least developed countries of the world; it is argued multinational enterprises can have the most positive impact on human rights by actively seeking out opportunities to operate in the areas of the world most affected by poverty. By concentrating on doing what the private sector does best, creating livelihood and purchasing options which individuals have the right to choose or reject, the private section can have a significant impact on creating wealth and reducing poverty.

scholarly journals Remittance Status and Contribution to GDP of Nepal

NCC Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Migrant Laborers ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Per Capita

The research paper aims to analyze the status of remittance and its contribution to GDP of Nepal. The study has adopted the descriptive and analytical research design. The study is quantitative in nature. Most of the developing countries like Nepal depend on remittance as the major source of foreign currency earning. Remittance plays an important role in economic development of a country. Nepal has also long history of international labor migration about 200 years ago Nepali migrant laborers are contributing substantial amount as remittance inflows through legal channel which has positive impact on GDP, per-capita income, Capital formation, education etc. The volume of remittance is much more than the records because, migrants are using illegal ways due to ignorance and difficulty in receiving amount from legal ways.

The Loan Shark in ASEAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-277
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa Musari
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Loan Shark

Loan shark is a humanitarian problem faced by many countries in the world, including in Asia, even in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)'s countries. Loan shark activities are found not only in Myanmar and Cambodia, which has the lowest per capita income in ASEAN but also in Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, and even Singapore, which are the five countries with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in ASEAN. How are loan shark practices in ASEAN countries? Can nanofinance overcome the microfinance gap to fight the loan shark? How the practice of Bank Wakaf Mikro (BWM) in Indonesia to nanofinance with qardhul hassan contract? Find the answers in this chapter.

Harnessing foreign aid for the poor: role of institutional democracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1689-1710
Author(s):  
Eric Akobeng
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ssa Countries

PurposeThis paper examines the relationship between foreign aid, institutional democracy and poverty. The paper explores the direct effect of foreign aid on poverty and quantifies the facilitating role of democracy in harnessing foreign aid for poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Design/methodology/approachThe paper attempts to address the endogenous relationship between foreign aid and poverty by employing the two-stage least squares instrumental variable (2SLS-IV) estimator by using GDP per capita of the top five Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries sending foreign aid to SSA countries scaled by the inverse of the land area of the SSA countries to stimulate an exogenous variation in foreign aid and its components. The initial level of democracy is interacted with the senders’ GDP per capita to also instrument for the interaction terms of democracy, foreign aid and its components.FindingsThe results suggest that foreign aid reduces poverty and different components of foreign aid have different effects on poverty. In particular, multilateral source and grant type seem to be more significant in reducing poverty than bilateral source and loan type. The study further reveals that democratic attributes of free expression, institutional constraints on the executive, guarantee of civil liberties to citizens and political participation reinforce the poverty-reducing effects of aggregate foreign aid and its components after controlling for mean household income, GDP per capita and inequality.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodological concern related to modeling the effects of foreign aid on poverty is endogeneity bias. To estimate the relationship between foreign aid, democracy and poverty in SSA, this paper relies on a 2SLS-IV estimator with GDP per capita of the top five aid-sending OECD countries scaled by the inverse of land area of the SSA countries as an external instrument for foreign aid. The use of the five top OECD's Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC) countries is due to the availability of foreign aid data for these countries. However, non-OECD-DAC countries such as China and South Africa may be important source of foreign aid to some SSA countries.Practical implicationsThe findings further suggest that the marginal effect of foreign aid in reducing poverty is increasing with the level of institutional democracy. In other words, foreign aid contributes more to poverty reduction in countries with democratic dispensation. This investigation has vital implications for future foreign aid policy, because it alerts policymakers that the effectiveness of foreign aid can be strengthened by considering the type and source of aid. Foreign aid and quality political institution may serve as an important mix toward the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and the Africa Union Agenda 2063.Social implicationsAs the global economy faces economic and social challenges, SSA may not be able to depend heavily on foreign partners to finance the region's budget. There is the need for African governments to also come out with innovative ways to mobilize own resources to develop and confront some of the economic challenges to achieve the required reduction in poverty. This is a vision that every country in Africa must work toward. Africa must think of new ways of generating wealth internally for development so as to complement foreign aid flows and also build strong foundation for welfare improvement, self-reliance and sustainable development.Originality/valueThis existing literature does not consider how democracy enhances the foreign aid and poverty relationship. The existing literature does not explore how democracy enhances grants, loans, multilateral and bilateral aid effectiveness in reducing poverty. This paper provides the first-hand evidence of how institutional democracy enhances the poverty-reducing effects of foreign aid and its components. The paper uses exogenous variation in foreign aid to quantify the direct effect of foreign aid and its components on poverty.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengembangan Ekspor Pala, Lawang, dan Kapulaga Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Ely Nurhayati ◽  
Sri Hartoyo ◽  
Sri Mulatsih
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
Per Capita

Export is an important component in the economy. The higher export performance, the greater positive impact. From 2012 to 2016, Indonesia’s exports continued to decline, so Indonesia needs to boost its exports. One of the potential commodities to be developed is nutmeg, mace, and cardamoms. This study analyzed the competitiveness of nutmeg, mace, and cardamoms, as well as the factors aecting its exports. The methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model, and Gravity. The competitiveness analysis showed that the optimistic export markets were Pakistan, Germany, Italy, and USA. The potential export markets were Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, France, and Netherlands. Factors that affecting exports were GDP per capita, price, economic distance, and tariff. -------------------------------- Ekspor merupakan komponen penting dalam perekonomian. Semakin tinggi kinerja ekspor, semakin besar pula dampak positifnya. Sejak 2012 hingga 2016, ekspor Indonesia terus menurun sehingga Indonesia perlu meningkatkan kembali ekspornya. Salah satu komoditas yang potensial dikembangkan adalah pala, lawang, dan kapulaga. Penelitian ini menganalisis daya saing pala, lawang, dan kapulaga, serta faktor yang memengaruhi ekspornya. Metode yang digunakan adalah RCA, EPD, X-Model, dan Gravity. Hasil analisis daya saing menunjukkan bahwa pasar ekspor yang optimis adalah Pakistan, Jerman, Italia, dan Amerika Serikat. Pasar ekspor yang potensial adalah Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Prancis, dan Belanda. Faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor adalah PDB per kapita, harga, jarak ekonomi, dan tarif.

scholarly journals Impacts from Economic Development and Environmental Factors on Life Expectancy: A Comparative Study Based on Data from Both Developed and Developing Countries from 2004 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8559
Author(s):  
Zhiheng Chen ◽  
Yuting Ma ◽  
Junyi Hua ◽  
Yuanhong Wang ◽  
Hongpeng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Urbanization Rate

Both economic development level and environmental factors have significant impacts on life expectancy at birth (LE). This paper takes LE as the research object and selects nine economic and environmental indicators with various impacts on LE. Based on a dataset of economic and environmental indicators of 20 countries from 2004 to 2016, our research uses the Pearson Correlation Coefficient to evaluate the correlation coefficients between the indicators, and we use multiple regression models to measure the impact of each indicator on LE. Based on the results from models and calculations, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the influencing mechanisms of different indicators on LE in both developed and developing countries, with conclusions as follow: (1) GDP per capita and the percentage of forest area to land area have a positive impact on LE in developed countries; however, they have a negative impact on LE in developing countries. Total public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP and fertilizer consumption have a negative impact on LE in developed countries; however, they have a positive impact on LE in developing countries. Gini coefficient and average annual exposure to PM2.5 have no significant effect on LE in developed countries; however, they have a negative impact on LE in developing countries. Current healthcare expenditures per capita have a negative impact on LE in developed countries, and there is no significant impact on LE in developing countries. (2) The urbanization rate has a significant positive impact on LE in both developed countries and developing countries. Carbon dioxide emissions have a negative impact on LE in both developed and developing countries. (3) In developed countries, GDP per capita has the greatest positive impact on LE, while fertilizer consumption has the greatest negative impact on LE. In developing countries, the urbanization rate has the greatest positive impact on LE, while the Gini coefficient has the greatest negative impact on LE. To improve and prolong LE, it is suggested that countries should prioritize increasing GDP per capita and urbanization level. At the same time, countries should also work on reducing the Gini coefficient and formulating appropriate healthcare and education policies. On the other hand, countries should balance between economic development and environmental protection, putting the emphasis more on environmental protection, reducing environmental pollution, and improving the environment’s ability of self-purification.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengembangan Ekspor Cengkeh Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Ely Nurhayati ◽  
Sri Hartoyo ◽  
Sri Mulatsih
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
Capita Export ◽  
Per Capita

Exports are an important component of the economy. The higher export performance, the greater positive impact on the economy. From 2012 to 2016, Indonesia's exports continue to decline, so Indonesia needs to boost its exports again. One of the potential commodities developed is cloves. This study analyzes the development of Indonesian clove exports by finding out the competitiveness of cloves, as well as factors affecting its exports. The methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model, and Gravity. The results of the analysis found that an optimistic market developed is Pakistan, Germany, Italy and United State of America. Potential markets to be developed are Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, France and Netherlands markets. Factors affecting Indonesian clove exports are GDP per capita, export price, economic distance and tariff. Keywords: Clove, EPD, Export, Gravity Model, RCA JEL Classification: C23, F10, F13

scholarly journals Internal Trade in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (158) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Alvarez ◽  
Ivo Krznar ◽  
Trevor Tombe
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cooperative Solutions ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Internal Trade

This paper assesses the costs of internal trade barriers and proposes policies to improve internal trade. Estimates suggest that complete liberalization of internal trade in goods can increase GDP per capita by about 4 percent and reallocate employment towards provinces that experience large productivity gains from trade. The positive impact highlights the need for federal, provincial and territorial governments to work together to reduce internal trade barriers. There is significant scope to build on the new Canadian Free Trade Agreement to more explicitly identify key trade restrictions, resolve differences, and agree on cooperative solutions.

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