THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOLOGICAL FUNGICIDES AGAINST LEAF DISEASES ON WINTER WHEAT IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR REGION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gvozdeva M. ◽  
◽  
Volkova G. ◽  
Agapova V. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Krasnodar Region

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOLOGICAL FUNGICIDES AGAINST THE SPARE PARTS OF THE LEAVES OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Mariya Gvozdeva ◽  
Galina Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Pesticide Load

The biologization of plant growing in modern conditions is becoming an urgent trend in agriculture, which helps to reduce the pesticide load. An important aspect of the transition to organic farming is the use of fungicides based on living microorganisms and their metabolic products to curb the development of diseases. Studies were carried out to assess the effectiveness of modern biofungicides against leaf septoria (Septoria tritici) and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) of winter wheat - Vitaplan, SP, Gamair, SP, Pseudobacterin-2, Zh, Rizoplan, Zh, Trichocin, SP, Fitosporin -M, SP. Fungicide Amistar Extra, SK was used as a chemical standard. The work was carried out in the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory in 2019–2020 on the variety Grom, susceptible to leaf spots. The meteorological conditions of the first year of research were favorable for the development of pathogens of leaf spots. In the second year, conditions were extreme, both for the growth of wheat plants and for the development of phytopathogens. For two years of research, the most effective biofungicides against leaf septoria were Fitosporin-M, SP, Pseudobacterin-2, Zh and Vitaplan, SP, the biological effectiveness was 50.0%, 50.0% and 47.1%, respectively; against yellow spot - Vitaplan, SP and Trichocin, SP, biological efficiency was 48.4% and 45.9%. The use of biological fungicides made it possible to save from 2.5% (Gamair, SP) to 12.6% (Trichocin, SP) of the winter wheat grain yield in comparison with the control (without treatment). The high economic efficiency of the use of biofungicides was established, the maximum net profit was noted in the variant treated with Fitosporin - M, SP (9540 rubles / ha)

scholarly journals The breeding of spring rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
O A Serdyuk ◽  
V S Trubina ◽  
L A Gorlova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Krasnodar Region

Abstract During the growth season, the plants of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.) are affected by various diseases: Fusarium blight, Verticillium blight, Alternaria blight, and others. The cultivation of rapeseed and mustard varieties resistant to diseases is a cost-effective and environmentally safe way to protect plants from diseases. The aim of the work was to evaluate the new breeding material of spring rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight in the form of tracheomycotic wilting of plants to continue breeding work to develop varieties of these crops. In 2017-2020, we carried out a phytopathological evaluation of new breeding samples of rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight. As a result, we selected a valuable breeding material of spring rapeseed and brown mustard resistant to Fusarium blight infection, which also exceeds the standard by economic characters. The productivity of the best selected samples is higher than the varieties Tavrion and Nika by 0.13-0.59 and 0.18-0.28 t/ha, respectively, the oil content of seeds – by 0.2-2.0 and 1.2-2.1 %, respectively. These samples will be used as donors of Fusarium blight resistance in breeding work during development of new varieties of spring rapeseed and brown mustard in the central zone of Krasnodar region.

scholarly journals Species of herbivorous bugs in sunflower crops in the central agro-climatic zone of the Krasnodar region

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
N.A. Bushneva ◽  
◽  
V.V. Dolgov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Lygus Rugulipennis ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Further Development

One of the factors limiting high and qualitative yields of sunflower seeds is pests. Phytophages injure plants of the crop during the whole vegetative period causing growth and development disorders, and sometimes plants depth. Together, insects play the important role in distribution of pathogens, especially fungi from genera Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizopus, and Puccinia, as well as bacteria. Among phytophages on sunflower, the most harmful are herbivorous bugs (class Hemiptera) of fleahopper (Miridae) and stinkbug (Pentatomidae) families. Bugs feeds on plants sap, they suck it out of the different plant organs. The basic oil crop in the Krasnodar region is sunflower. In 2021 its sowing area accounted to 442 thousand ha. Breaks of scientifically substituted cultivation technology lead to deterioration of phytosanitary state of sunflower crops by means of concentration of pathogens, including herbivorous bugs. The purpose of the research was to determine species and prevalence of bugs and their dominating species in sunflower crops in the Krasnodar region for the further development of protection measures. The result showed in the central zone of the Krasnodar region the sunflower crops are inhabited with 12 species of bugs from the families: Miridae, Pentatomidae, Alydidae and Coreidae. Prevalence of tarnished plant bug (Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus, 1758) and bishop bug (Lygus rugulipennis (Popp., 1911) was high (60 and 80%, respectively), and sloe bug (Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) was maximal – 100%. A sloe bug prevailed in sunflower crops – 36.1%.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Technological Methods to Climatic Conditions in Agrotechnologies in South Ural

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury Gulyanov ◽  
Alexander Chibilyov ◽  
Sergey Levykin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute

This study aimed to define an optimal sowing date of winter wheat in the steppe zone of South Ural and West Siberia. The effects of climatic factors were determined by analyzing modern climatic resources and experimentally testing in the conditions of the central zone in Orenburgskaya oblast. Research from the All-Russian Scientific- Research Institute of Hydro-meteorological Information – World Data Center (RSRIHI-WDC) served as a source of archival meteorological data for 2009-2019. Experimental data were collected through field work on the south chernozem in the Central zone of Orenburgskaya oblast for 2019-2020. Digital material was processed using statistical analysis. It was confirmed that in the Central zone of Orenburgskaya oblast under modern climatic conditions, the period between 25-30 August is the most acceptable date to sow winter wheat. If sowing occurs at later dates, there is a risk of not obtaining the required amount of effective temperatures, which can result in disunited sparse shoots, bushes that are not fully formed, and low phytometric parameters, and therefore a low realization of climatically secured productivity. These results could be more widely tested in other steppe regions of Ural and West Siberia with a prospect to introduce the results into zonal recommendations for production. Keywords: climatic resources, productivity reserves, winter wheat

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