scholarly journals Application of salicylic acid in growing beta vulgaris l. plants in the context of sustainable agricultural production

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Olga Tsvilynyuk ◽  
◽  
Liliia Telehii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Excess Moisture ◽  
Sowing Seed

The use of synthetic phytohormones is a promising technology for intensification and greening of agricultural production. Salicylic acid, among the others, is of particular interest. It causes anti-stress activity in plants in response to various adverse environmental factors in the laboratory. The analysis of the results of model field experiments showed that the use of salicylic acid for pre-sowing treatment of beet seeds varieties "Detroit" and "Egyptian flat" improves the habitus of mature plants, increases their water conservation capacity under adverse growth conditions (concentration 1•10-4 M). In adverse climatic conditions (initially excess moisture, and during the period of active growth and accumulation of nutrients - drought), the mass of the roots of both varieties of beets doubled under the influence of salicylic acid at a concentration of 1•10-5 M and increased 1.7 times at a concentration of 1•10-4 M (Detroit beets). This indicates a variety-specific reaction of beet plants to different concentrations of salicylic acid used for pre-sowing seed treatment. The use of salicylic acid in the cultivation of beets can become a priority in the transition of agriculture to the principles of sustainable development in a changing climate.

scholarly journals Pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat and spring barley seeds with the extremely high frequencies electromagnetic field

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
V.V. Bezpal'ko ◽  
S.V. Stankevych ◽  
A.V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Sowing Seed

The increase in the yield capacity of cereal spike crops under the current change of the climatic conditions in Ukraine will have a positive tendency in the nearest future. However, sustainable grain production under sharp weather fluctuations is possible only with the agro-technological systems' improvement. The pre-sowing seed treatment with chemical synthesis pesticides remains the primary method in the agricultural industry today. However, pesticides inevitably have a negative influence on the ecosystem of any level. A more environmentally friendly seed treatment method under the intensive technology is the combination of microwave seed irradiation and seed incrustation with the plant growth regulators that increase the cereal crops' yield capacity up to 15–20 %. It is possible to reduce the negative influence of chemical measures on the quality of the cereal crops seeds by using for the seed treatment a mixture of a treatment agent with the preparations having the stimulating properties. The most promising among all physical methods of the pre-sowing seed treatment is the microwave technology, which suppresses the entire complex of the seed infection and can become an alternative to the chemical method of plant protection. The universal character and practical importance of MW technologies combined with the growth-regulating substances consist not only in the increase in the yield capacity of the field crops but also in reducing the technogenic load on the environment. The peculiarity of EMF of EHF application in agricultural production is the necessity to consider the crops' specific electro-physical, technological, and biological properties. High heterogeneity greatly influences the electromagnetic action energy and the final result.

The complexity of simple tillage systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. OSWALD ◽  
S. DE HAAN ◽  
J. SANCHEZ ◽  
R. CCANTO
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Tillage System

SUMMARYIn the Central Peruvian highlands, potatoes are commonly cultivated by smallholder farmers in fields between 3500 and 4300 m asl. Severe climatic conditions, marginal soils and limited access to inputs and infrastructure define these challenging agro-ecological environments. To prepare an adequate seed bed for the potato and mitigate climatic, topographic and labour constraints, Andean farmers have developed distinct footplough-based tillage systems: barbecho, chiwa and chacmeo. A series of field experiments was conducted in 2005/06 and 2006/07 at four different locations to investigate the effect of three different tillage systems on potato tuber yield, varying factors such as cultivars and types and amounts of fertilizer applied. The objective was to improve understanding of the effect of these factors on potato yield and study the potential advantages and disadvantages of each tillage system.The study showed that the type of tillage influenced a great variety of factors. Farmers often use a combination of tillage systems as a strategy to diversify possible risks, considering trade-offs regarding productivity v. yield stability, internal v. external resource use, labour requirement during peak times v. more uniform distribution or extensive v. intensive production. The chiwa and to some extent the chacmeo tillage systems resulted in relatively constant and stable yields for different environments and genetic materials, whereas the more intensive barbecho system sought to optimize growth conditions for the potato crop but was more liable to stress and required external resources. Currently, farmers often use the barbecho system to produce commercial cultivars for the urban markets investing the greatest share of internal and external resources. They use the chiwa and chacmeo systems to produce diverse native cultivars for their home consumption, valorizing their taste, cooking qualities and lower resource requirements.

scholarly journals Influence of the nutritional level and pre-sowing seed treatment on the yield of spring wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00010
Author(s):  
Marat Amirov ◽  
Dmitry Toloknov ◽  
Ayrat Safiullin ◽  
Pavel Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Culture Development

It remains relevant to meet the needs of plants in nutrients, methods of using growth stimulants, considering the active phases of culture development. The purpose of our research is to study the complex effect of the level of mineral nutrition, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, and spraying growing plants with a growth regulator on the productivity of spring wheat. Laboratory research and field experiments were carried out in 2019–2020 based on the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution in the field of Higher Education "Kazan State Agrarian University" on gray forest soil. The average yield of spring wheat over the years of research against the background without fertilizers was 3.94 t/ha, against the background of NPK to obtain 3.5 t/ha of grain – 4.53 t/ha, against the background of NPK to obtain 4.5 t/ha of grain – 5.24 t/ha. The complex use of growth stimulants during pre-sowing seed treatment and double spraying in the tillering phase and spring wheat into the tube contributed to an increase in yield in all nutritional backgrounds by another 4.9–6.3 %.

scholarly journals Influence of seed treatment with mineral nutrient products on emergence and growth in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Charlotte E Wallenhammar ◽  
Eva Stoltz
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Seed Vigour

Seed treatment with mineral nutrients in spring oilseed rape (SOR) under cold climatic conditions has the potential to improve the outcome of production. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of mineral nutrients applied as seed treatment on germination and growth of roots and biomass in SOR. In addition, seed yield and oil content were also measured. Seed vigour tests and in-field experiments were performed in Central Sweden in 2016 and 2017. Seven products with different composition of mineral nutrients were applied to the seed in a combination with binder, filler and fungicide (BFF), or applied directly onto the seed. The results showed that a treatment with mineral nutrients increased the plant size at stage BBCH 60 (early flowering stage) when the products were applied in combination with BFF in the field experiments. However, the increased plant size did not influence seed yield. Furthermore, when seeds were treated only with a nutrient product the addition of BFF decreased plant size by 10% on average and seed and crude fat yields by 4% on average. The use of BFF may thereby be questioned and is subject to further investigation.

scholarly journals The agent for increasing soybean yield and for the Round-up resistant one decrease in the synthesis of unnatural peptides with glycine glyphosate

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
M .F. Kulyk ◽  
S. Y. Kobak ◽  
O. V. Khimich ◽  
T. O. Didorenko ◽  
L. H. Pohorila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Unnatural Peptides ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Structure Of Proteins ◽  
Stimulation Of

The purpose. In order to increase soybean yield to develop the agent for pre-sowing seed treatment and crop spraying in the budding phase, and application of an agent for Round-up resistant soybean should reduce the synthesis of unnatural peptides with glycine glyphosate in the structure of proteins, which can cause unpredictable consequences for animals and humans. Methods. Laboratory and field experiments on chickens and hens. Results. The agent «Zernovit» for pre-sowing seed treatment of soybean seeds (patent of Ukraine for utility model No.119739, 2017) and in the budding phase has been developed. In addition, the formation of unnatural peptides of glycine glyphosate in the structure of proteins decreases through the stimulation of protein synthesis in the genetically modified soybean when applying «Zernovit». Conclusions. The agent «Zernovit» for pre-sowing soybean seed treatment and application in the budding phase, which provides an increase by 16.8 % in yields against the control of 2.8 t/ha, has been developed and tested in the conditions of production, and when it is used in genetically modified soybean it reduces the synthesis of unnatural peptides with glycine glyphosate in the structure of soybean protein when sprayed with Round-up. This is due to the stimulation of the protein synthesis that prevents the inclusion of glycine glyphosate in the unnatural peptides of the protein synthesis.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENTS AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL RECEPTIONS GROWING ALFALFA SOWING

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Nataliia Telekalo ◽  
Maryna Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

The publication highlights the results of studies examining the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment, the timing and combination of the introduction of growth stimulants and microfertilizers in crops on the passage of phases of growth and development of alfalfa sowing. The properties of plants in agrophytocenoses are determined by their genetic characteristics and environmental factors that affect the body. The biological peculiarities of alfalfa sowing, the basic regularities of its growth and development, namely the passage of the vegetation phases, the evaluation of the crop, which made it possible to develop methods of cultivation technology, taking into account the biology of plants to change climatic conditions. The processes of growth, development of alfalfa of the Sinyukh cultivar, depending on the seed treatment with the growth stimulants of Lucis and Saprohum and foliar fertilizers during the vegetation period of plants, were investigated. The peculiarities of the phases of growth and development of alfalfa plants in the sowing year in comparison with the growth and development of the second and subsequent years of vegetation are determined. The influence of ecological conditions of the environment - the temperature of vegetation renewal, the accumulation of the sum of active temperatures, on the growth and development of alfalfa of the second and subsequent years of vegetation has been established. It was established that the earliest attainment of seeds was characterized by the variant of sowing with a stimulator of Lucyse growth in the branching and budding phase + fertilizing the sowing in the budding phase with microfertilizers Harvesting beans – on the 155th day of vegetation with the accumulation of the sum of active temperatures of 1945 ºС. The influence of pre-sowing seed treatment of alfalfa cultivar Sinyukh in all phases of growth and development and dynamics of accumulation of active temperatures during the growing season were evaluated. As a result of the research, new technological regulations for the use of bio-organic preparations and components in the technological scheme of growing alfalfa sowing have been developed. The research results are aimed at solving actual problems of technological renewal and development of agro-industrial complex on the basis of development of bioorganic models of varietal technology of cultivation of alfalfa sowing with orientation at the level of adequate arable productivity and climate fertility. Key words: alfalfa sowing, growth and development phases, Saprogum, сrop, legumes, environmental conditions.

scholarly journals The pathogenicity and importance of seed-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana on barley in Finland

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Aarne Kurppa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Seed

Seed-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana decreased the percentage germination of barley seeds and the emergence of seedlings. Infection levels were higher in non-germinated than in germinated seeds. Seed treatment with organomercurial fungicide or imazalil improved the percentage emergence but a low number of diseased seedlings still remained in the crops. The fungus caused a reduction in grain yields in most experiments and also decreased their value as sowing seed, if the weather conditions were favourable for compute disease expression. Yield losses in greenhouse experiments varied from 7.2 to 38.5 % and in the field from 5 to 11 %, and showed a strong correlation with the infection levels in the seed stocks. Higher losses were associated with the six-row cultivars. Organomercury seed treatment resulted in a slight but in significant increase in yields but it was able to prevent an occurrence of secondary infection in the crop resulting in a lower seed infection levels of the grain. In field experiments in Inari (69° N.L.) seed-borne inoculum could be demonstrated clearly to be the only source of a severe disease outbreak. The inoculum remaining in the soil was capable of initiating soil-borne infection of barley seedlings during the following two growing seasons.

scholarly journals Fungicidal protectants Delete Pro and Redigo Pro against fungal phytopathogens of soybeans

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
S. V. Bezmutko ◽  
T. A. Cherepanova
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Sowing Seed

The results of research into effectiveness of fungicidal protectants against root rot and leaf-stem diseases of soybeans are presented. The study was carried out in the Primorsky Territory in 2019, 2020 in the conditions of plot experiment. Delete Pro (active agent pyraclostrobin, 200 g/l) was used at a consumption rate of 1.0 l/t, Redigo Pro (active agent prothioconazole, 150 g/l + tebuconazole, 20 g/l) – 0.9 l/t. The preparations were used for seed treatment in a semi-dry way before sowing. It was revealed that Delete Pro and Redigo Pro do not have a negative effect on the crop and have a positive effect on the germination of soybean seeds. A high fungicidal activity of the protectants used in the experiment was noted in relation to root rot affecting the crop. The chemicals helped to reduce the intensity of infections during the flowering phase by 17.0% (Delete Pro) and 24.9% (Redigo Pro). The protective effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with protectants was also revealed in reducing leaf-stem diseases. It was found that the chemicals have high biological effectiveness against septoria (16.7–25.2%), cercosporosis (0–44.6%) and peronosporosis (29.5–87.5%). The use of Delete Pro and Redigo Pro contributed to active growth of plants and an increase in the main productivity indicators: seed weight by 0.1–0.6 g, seed number by 1.4–2.8 pcs from one plant, as well as thousand-seed-weight by 8.5–9.3 g. Significant increase in grain yield of 0.19 t/ha (2019) and 0.20 t/ha (2020) was obtained in the variant with Redigo Pro. The protectants used contributed to the increase in the profitability level by 222 and 564%, respectively.

scholarly journals METHODS FOR REGULATING VARIOUS MYCOSIS OF SPRING WHEAT SEEDS OF YOLDYZ VARIETY IN THE ANCESTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-111
Author(s):  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Farit Shaykhutdinov ◽  
Al'bina Serzhanova ◽  
Razil Garaev
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The article discusses the investigation’s results to study the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with various reagents in their pure form, as well as in a mixture on the quality of spring wheat seeds of Yoldiz variety, included in the state registry for the 7th region in 2015. Before processing the seeds with various reagents, the species composition was studied, and features of the development of mycosis of spring wheat seeds were proposed ways to protect wheat from the most common diseases. Based on three-year experimental data, the high efficiency of tank mixtures, studied preparations for presowing seed treatment, was established. Field experiments to evaluate the effects of various chemicals were carried out in 2016-2018 on the experimental field of Plant Production Department of Kazan State Agrarian University. The following options were studied: 1) control - without seed treatment; 2) Kinto-Duo disinfectant - 2 liters per 1 ton of seeds; 3) albite - a natural growth stimulator based on polybeta-hydroxyl butyric acid, obtained from microorganisms; 4) ZhUSS-2 - copper-molybdenum containing chelate complex; 5) Tank mixture of the treating agent Kinto Duo + Albit, 30 g/t of seeds; 6) Tank mixture of the protectant Kinto Duo + ZhUSS-2 2 l/t. The flow rate of the working fluid is 10 t/t of seeds. Processing was carried out on a Mobitox super machine.

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