Composition of ash from combustion and solution of technological problems of chlororganic wastes utilization from direct ethylene chlorination to 1,2- dichlorethane

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
M.V. Shpariy ◽  
◽  
P.Y. Shapoval ◽  
I.P. Poliuzhyn ◽  
S.V. Kolobych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Organochlorine Waste

During organochlorine wastes thermal utilization formed at direct chlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichloroethane in the production of vinyl chloride at Karpatnaftohim LLC, the ash is formed, which clogs gas pipelines and heat exchange elements of the steam generator, causes disruption of normal technological process and leads to emergency shutdowns.The composition of this ash was determined by chemical methods of quantitative analysis and flame photometry for such macrocomponents as Fe2O3 (28%) and FeCl3 (5%), as well as magnesium chlorides (30%) and sodium (4%), the rest (about 32% ) probably resinous highly chlorinated unburned components of VAT residues, carbon particles and nitric acid-insoluble iron compounds. Utilization methods and possible ways to reduce the amount of ash from the organochlorine waste combustion formed at the production of vinyl chloride are briefly considered.

scholarly journals Assessment of Innovation Potential of Gayo Coffee Agroindustry

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Fadhil ◽  
M. Syamsul Maarif ◽  
Tajuddin Bantacut ◽  
Aji Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Policy Maker ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
Process Quality ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Innovation Potential

<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to perform an assessment on the innovation potential of Gayo coffee agroindustry, as a basis of policymaking as an effort to promote agroindustry and to increase the revenue.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> Innovation potential assessment was performed with “Map of the Company Innovation Potential” through a stakeholder survey by using questionnaire and confirmation.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> The result of the study shows that innovation potential of Gayo coffee agroindustry is good enough to be developed by considering today’s reality and condition, based on innovation potential assessment that had been performed. This condition is very possible for the development of innovation activity in the form of work and the agroindustry program of Gayo coffee becomes more serious concern, so that the potential of innovation improvement can continue to grow and evolve by involving various parties to create a synergy in supporting innovation development.</p><p><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> This study describes the condition of innovation potential of Gayo coffee agroindustry in six aspects of assessment, which are: strategy and planning, marketing, technological process, quality and environment, logistic and human resources.</p><p><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> This article is according to field data from an interview with the stakeholders, field trip, and quantitative analysis. This study is very helpful for the policy maker in expanding Gayo coffee agroindustry, and become a contribution to analyze innovation potential in other agroindustry.</p>

Oxidation Rate Analysis of Carbon Nanoparticles for a Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Leoni ◽  
Lee Frederickson ◽  
Fletcher Miller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Small Particle ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Extinction Cross Section ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Rate Analysis

A new experimental set-up has been introduced at San Diego State University’s Combustion and Solar Energy Lab to study the thermal oxidation characteristics of in-situ generated carbon particles in air at high pressure. The study is part of a project developing a Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver (SPHER) utilizing concentrated solar power to run a Brayton cycle. The oxidation data obtained will further be used in different existing and planned computer models in order to accurately predict reactor temperatures and flow behavior in the SPHER. The carbon black particles were produced by thermal decomposition of natural gas at 1250 °C and a pressure of 5.65 bar (82 psi). Particles were analyzed using a Diesel Particle Scatterometer (DPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and found to have a 310 nm average diameter. The size distribution and the complex index of refraction were measured and the data were used to calculate the specific extinction cross section γ of the spherical particles. The oxidation rate was determined using 2 extinction tubes and a tube furnace and the values were compared to literature. The activation energy of the carbon particles was determined to be 295.02 kJ/mole which is higher than in comparable studies. However, the oxidation of carbon particles bigger than 100 nm is hardly studied and almost no previous data is available at these conditions.

Development and testing of a novel micro-Raman probe and application of calibration method for the quantitative analysis of microfluidic nitric acid streams

The Analyst ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1188-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert L. Nelson ◽  
Amanda M. Lines ◽  
Amanda J. Casella ◽  
Job M. Bello ◽  
Samuel A. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Spectroscopic Measurement ◽  
Acid Streams ◽  
On Line ◽  
Raman Probe

To simplify and improve the safety of reprocessing nuclear fuel, the Micro-Raman technique was applied at the microfluidic scale with a view toward the on-line spectroscopic measurement of radioactive solutions.

Carbon Particle Generation and Preliminary Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver Lab Scale Testing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Frederickson ◽  
Kyle Kitzmiller ◽  
Fletcher Miller
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Small Particle ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Solar Flux ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Spherical Cap ◽  
Carbon Particles

High temperature central receivers are on the forefront of concentrating solar power research. Current receivers use liquid cooling and power steam cycles, but new receivers are being designed to power gas turbine engines within a power cycle while operating at a high efficiency. To address this, a lab-scale Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver (SPHER), a high temperature solar receiver, was built and is currently undergoing testing at the San Diego State University’s (SDSU) Combustion and Solar Energy Laboratory. The final goal is to design, build, and test a full-scale SPHER that can absorb 5 MWth and eventually be used within a Brayton cycle. The SPHER utilizes air mixed with carbon particles generated in the Carbon Particle Generator (CPG) as an absorption medium for the concentrated solar flux. Natural gas and nitrogen are sent to the CPG where the natural gas undergoes pyrolysis to carbon particles and nitrogen is used as the carrier gas. The resulting particle-gas mixture flows out of the vessel and is met with dilution air, which flows to the SPHER. The lab-scale SPHER is an insulated steel vessel with a spherical cap quartz window. For simulating on-sun testing, a solar flux is produced by a solar simulator, which consists of a 15kWe xenon arc lamp, situated vertically, and an ellipsoidal reflector to obtain a focus at the plane of the receiver window. The solar simulator has been shown to produce an output of about 3.25 kWth within a 10 cm diameter aperture. Inside of the SPHER, the carbon particles in the inlet particle-gas mixture absorb radiation from the solar flux. The carbon particles heat the air and eventually oxidize to carbon dioxide, resulting in a clear outlet fluid stream. Since testing was initiated, there have been several changes to the system as we have learned more about the operation. A new extinction tube was designed and built to obtain more accurate mass loading data. Piping and insulation for the CPG and SPHER were improved based on observations between testing periods. The window flange and seal have been redesigned to incorporate window film cooling. These improvements have been made in order to achieve the lab scale SPHER design objective gas outlet flow of 650°C at 5 bar.

Effect of Sludge on the Stress–Strain State of Heat-Exchange Tubes of a Steam Generator

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Z. Lugovoi ◽  
A. P. Shugailo ◽  
Ya. D. Kruglyi ◽  
A. M. Kolupaev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stress Strain State

Main functions of iron compounds as smoke suppressant in poly(vinyl chloride) combustion

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1573-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Michel ◽  
M. Bert ◽  
Tran Van Hoang ◽  
P. Bussiere ◽  
A. Guyot
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Smoke Suppressant ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

F310 DAMAGE PROBABILITY OF THE STEAM GENERATOR HEAT EXCHANGE PIPELINES IN VVER NPP

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003.3 (0) ◽  
pp. _3-427_-_3-432_
Author(s):  
V. I. Baranenko ◽  
S. G. Oleynik ◽  
V. N. Merkushev ◽  
O. E. Kostyukov ◽  
O. A. Belyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Damage Probability

Steam Generator Leak Detection in Liquid-Metal Fast Breeder Reactors by Chemical Methods

1984 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Licina ◽  
Dwight R. Springer ◽  
Prodyot Roy
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactors ◽  
Breeder Reactors
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