scholarly journals Chemical Oxidative Synthesis and Characteristion of Organica acid Doped Soluble Conducting Poly(o-anisidine)

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Vasant Chabukswar ◽  
◽  
Ganesh Sable ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Sharp Peak ◽  
Emeraldine Base ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Ammonia Vapor ◽  
Emeraldine Salt ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Doped Polymer ◽  
Polymerization Method

Synthesis of poly(o-anisidine) with and without acrylic acid doping is carried out by chemical oxidative polymerization method. This is a new polymerization method for the direct synthesis of the emeraldine salt of poly(o-anisidine), i.e. it is directly soluble in known organic solvent such as m-cresol, N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), DMSO, DMF, etc. without the need for a conversion of salt phase to base form. The reaction is unique since it eliminates the post processing step which involves neutralization of emeraldine salt to form emeraldine base and again reprotonating the base with a secondary protonic acid. The acrylic acid doped polymer prepared using tartaric acid is comparatively more soluble in m-cresol and NMP than the poly(o-anisidine) prepared without acrylic acid. UV-visible spectra for acrylic acid doped poly(o-anisidine) reveals the coil conformation at higher wavelength ~800–1000 nm along with sharp peak ~440 nm, which may be attributed to secondary doping due to extended coil conformation. Whereas in the presence of NMP as a solvent, the extended tail at higher wavelength disappears while a sharp peak (~630 nm) is observed representing the polymer insulting emeraldine base form. This fact confirms the effect of the solvent on the polymer properties. This is further manifested by the FT-IR spectral studies. Broad and intense band at ~3300–3200cm–1 and 1100–1200 cm–1 in acrylic acid doped polymer accounts for higher degree of doping. The conductivity of acrylic acid doped poly(o-anisidine) is greater than poly(o-anisidine) without acrylic acid. The change in resistance of tartaric acid doped poly(o-anisidine) prepared in acrylic acid media upon its exposure to ammonia vapor suggests the applicability of these polymeric materials for ammonia.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Boron Trifluoride Doped High Performance Polyaniline

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2332-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Basavaiah ◽  
D. Samsonu ◽  
A. V. Prasada Rao
Keyword(s):  
Boron Trifluoride ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Emeraldine Base ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Polymerization Method ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

We report simple synthesis of boron trifluoride (BF3) doped defect free high performance polyaniline (HPPANI) in two step method. Firstly, HPPANI was prepared via self-stabilization dispersion polymerization method in a heterogeneous reaction medium. Second step involves doping of emeraldine base form of HPPANI with boron trifluoride under reduced vacuum. The resultants BF3doped HPPANI have been well characterized by using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetry. The spectroscopic data indicated that the interaction between HPPANI and BF3.Thermogravimetry studies revealed that the BF3 doping improved the thermal stability of defects free PANI.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Organically Soluble and Electrically Conducting Acids Doped Polyaniline

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-280
Author(s):  
Vasant Chabukswar ◽  
◽  
Sanjay Bhavsar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Doped Polyaniline ◽  
Doped Polymer ◽  
Polymerization Method

Emeraldin salt of polyaniline was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization method; this salt is soluble in common organic solvents. The obtained results are discussed with reference to lactic acid doped polyaniline. It has been observed that acrylic acid doped polyaniline is comparatively more soluble than polyaniline doped with lactic acid in common organic solvent such as m-cresol, NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidinone), DMSO, DMF, etc. The acrylic acid doped polymer prepared using lactic acid is comparatively more soluble in m-cresol and NMP than the polyaniline without acrylic acid. UV-Visible spectra for acrylic acid doped polyaniline reveals the coil conformation at higher wavelength along with sharp peak. This indicates that the conductivity of acrylic acid doped polyaniline is higher than that of polyaniline without acrylic acid. A broad and intense band at 3400–3300cm-1 (N–H stretching) and 1120–1225 cm-1 accounts for higher degree of doping and protonation of amine and imine N-atom. These results are well supported by the conductivity measurement – the conductivity of acrylic acid doped polyaniline is higher than in case of polyanіline without acrylic acid.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization studies of organically soluble acrylic acid doped polydiphenylamine

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Vasant Chabukswar ◽  
◽  
Anjali Athawale ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Emeraldine Base ◽  
Chemical Polymerization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Enhanced Solubility ◽  
Doped Polymers ◽  
Uv Visible

Polydiphenylamine (PDPA) doped with acrylic acid was synthesized by oxidative chemical polymerization. This is a new chemical polymerization method developed for the direct synthesis of emeraldine salt form of polydiphenylamine which exhibits remarkably improved solubility in a common organic solvent. These polymers have been characterized by the physical techniques such as UV-visible, FTIR, XRD and conductivity measurement. The results are discussed with reference to the H2SO4 doped polydiphenylamine. The use of functionalized acrylic acid (AA) made it possible to obtain the polymer in doped state with enhanced solubility in organic solvent such as N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP) and m-cresol directly without converting to emeraldine base form. The UV-visible spectra of acrylic acid doped PDPA in m-cresol showed a free carrier tail commencing at 950 nm, which may be attributed to secondary doping due to extended coil conformation. Whereas in NMP spectra excitonic peak at ~ 320 nm and 610 nm typical for emeraldine base form indicates that NMP dose hinders the doping ability of dopant. The FTIR spectra shows a broad and intense band at ~ 3400 cm–1 and 1150–1050 cm–1 in acrylic acid doped PDPA account for the higher doping level than H2SO4 doped polydiphenylamine polymers. This is further manifested by the X-ray studies and conductivity measurement. The X-ray diffractograms of acrylic acid doped polymer show an enhancement in the crystallinity indicating better ordered chain alignment. These results are well supported by the conductivity measurements, where the conductivity of acrylic acid doped polymers is greater than that of H2SO4 doped polymers.

Poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic Acid) - Surfactant Complexes and Their Redox and Solvatochromic Behaviour

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon E. Moulton ◽  
Yingpit Pornputtkul ◽  
Leon A. P. Kane-Maguire ◽  
Gordon G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Emeraldine Base ◽  
Applied Potential ◽  
Emeraldine Salt ◽  
Salt Form ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Redox Switching

Novel stoichiometric (1:1) complexes between the anionic conducting polymer poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) (PMAS) and a range of cationic ammonium surfactants have been prepared and characterized. The supramolecular PMAS–surfactant complexes are stable in chloroform and ethanol solutions, in which the PMAS moiety adopts an ‘extended coil’ conformation. Thin films of the complexes can be cast onto indium tin oxide-coated glass from these solutions. The application of an appropriate applied potential leads to redox switching of the PMAS from the emeraldine salt form to its pernigraniline and leucoemeraldine oxidation states. Immersion of the PMAS–surfactant films in 1.0 M NaOH causes the PMAS moiety to undergo conversion into a ‘compact coil’ conformation rather than alkaline de-doping to the emeraldine base form. When the PMAS–surfactant complexes are dissolved in polar organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone, and acetone, they undergo marked solvatochromism, which is interpreted in terms of rearrangement of the PMAS polymer chains from an ‘extended coil’ to a ‘compact coil’ conformation.

Coating of Polyaniline with an Insulating Polymer to Improve the Power Efficiency of Electrorheological Fluids

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (14n16) ◽  
pp. 1931-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Akhavan ◽  
K. Slack ◽  
V. Wise ◽  
H. Block
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Electrorheological Fluids ◽  
Emeraldine Base ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Static Yield ◽  
High Fields ◽  
Er Fluids ◽  
Er Fluid ◽  
A Current

Currents drawn under high fields often present practical limitations to electrorheological (ER) fluids usefulness. For heavy-duty applications where large torques have to be transmitted, the power consumption of a ER fluid can be considerable, and for such uses a current density of ~100μ A cm -2 is often taken as a practical upper limit. This investigation was conducted into designing a fluid which has little extraneous conductance and therefore would demand less current. Selected semi-conducting polymers provide effective substrates for ER fluids. Such polymers are soft insoluble powdery materials with densities similar to dispersing agents used in ER formulations. Polyaniline is a semi-conducting polymer and can be used as an effective ER substrate in its emeraldine base form. In order to provide an effective ER fluid which requires less current polyaniline was coated with an insulating polymer. The conditions for coating was established for lauryl and methyl methacrylate. Results from static yield measurements indicate that ER fluids containing coated polyaniline required less current than uncoated polyaniline i.e. 0.5μ A cm -2. The generic type of coating was also found to be important.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Class of Lewis Acid Doped Tetraaniline

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1085-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Basavaiah ◽  
A. V. Prasada Rao
Keyword(s):  
Boron Trifluoride ◽  
Boron Trifluoride Etherate ◽  
Emeraldine Base ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Ammonium Persulphate ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Boron trifluoride (BF3) doped tetraaniline with novel structure were successfully synthesized via two step method. In the first step, emeraldine base form tetraaniline was synthesized via oxidative chemical polymerization of N-phenyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine using ammonium persulphate as oxidant. In the second step involves control BF3doping of tetraaniline using boron trifluoride etherate. As synthesized BF3doped tetraaniline have been well characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetry. Thermogravimetry studies revealed that the BF3doping improved the thermal stability of tetraaniline.

Study of epoxy and alkyd coatings modified with emeraldine base form of polyaniline

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Armelin ◽  
Cintia Ocampo ◽  
Francisco Liesa ◽  
José Ignacio Iribarren ◽  
Xavier Ramis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emeraldine Base ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Alkyd Coatings

Characterization of Poly(o-methoxyaniline) Emeraldine-base form obtained at different time neutralization

2014 ◽  
Vol 1063 ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar A. Sanches ◽  
Ludson C.A. Gomes ◽  
Juliana C. Soares ◽  
Geisiane R. da Silva ◽  
Yvonne P. Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Emeraldine Base ◽  
Base Form

scholarly journals Fabrication and Optimization of the Thermo-Sensitive Hydrogel Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) for U(VI) Removal from Aqueous Solution

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Tan ◽  
Shuibo Xie ◽  
Guohua Wang ◽  
Chuck Wah Yu ◽  
Taotao Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Polymerization Method

In this work, the thermo-sensitive materials N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and acrylic acid (AA) were crosslinked with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (CMC/P (NIPAM-co-AA)) via a free radical polymerization method for the removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution. The L16 (45) orthogonal experiments were designed for the optimization of the synthesis condition. The chemical structures of the crosslinking hydrogel were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The microstructural analyses were conducted though scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to show the pore structure of the hydrogel. The adsorption performance of the CMC/P (NIPAM-co-AA) hydrogel for the uptake of U(VI) from simulated wastewater was also investigated. The adsorption reached equilibrium within 1 h. Under the reaction of pH = 6 and a temperature of 298 K, an initial concentration of U(VI) of 5 mg·L−1, and 10 mg of the CMC/P(NIPAM-co-AA) hydrogel, the maximum adsorption capacity was 14.69 mg g−1. The kinetics fitted perfectly with the pseudo-second-order model, and the isotherms for the composite hydrogel adsorption of U(VI) was in accordance with the Langmuir model. The chemical modification confirmed that the acylamino group played an important role in uranium adsorption. The desorption and reusability study revealed that the resolution rate was still available at approximately 77.74% after five alternate heating cycles at 20 and 50 °C of adsorption-desorption.

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