scholarly journals Evolución y desarrollo de la dirección orquestal en México y el mundo / Evolution and development of the orchestral conducting in Mexico and the world

Author(s):  
Guillermo Rommel Villarreal Rodríguez

Esta es una mirada al desarrollo de una de las profesiones más jóvenes y polémicas del mundo de la música, un análisis del desarrollo histórico y social de la función del director de orquesta. Incluye los orígenes de la dirección de orquesta: desarrollo y evolución en Europa y América. Así como la evolución histórica de la dirección de orquesta en México durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, los principales maestros en esta etapa, el análisis del rol desempeñado por la Orquesta Sinfónica de Xalapa dentro de la vida musical mexicana y latinoamericana, y la labor de Luis Ximénez Caballero como director de orquesta.

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Grotuss

AbstractFincher & Thornhill (F&T) present a model of in-group assortative sociality resulting from differing levels of parasite-stress in differing geographical locations in the United States and the world. Their model, while compelling, overlooks some important issues, such as mutualistic associations with parasites that are beneficial to humans and how some religious practices increase parasite risk.


Neuróptica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
Alejandro Silvela Calvo

Resumen: P. Craig Russell ha destacado, entre otras aportaciones, por su labor a la hora de realizar una larga serie de adaptaciones del mundo de la ópera a la viñeta. El estilo de Russell se caracteriza por partir de la idea de adaptar una obra musical a un medio plástico y visual haciendo que no solo se convierta en la simple narración de una ópera musical, sino que crea una obra en sí misma en la que intenta recoger diferentes sensaciones estilísticas, estructurales y estéticas de la obra y generar una representación de las mismas. En este artículo nos valdremos de su adaptación de Salomé, ópera de Richard Strauss de 1905 basada en la obra teatral homónima de Oscar Wilde. Se tratará la idea de musicalización del cómic y la forma en la que Russell plasma diferentes ideas musicales referentes no solo a timbres, leitmotiv u orquestación, sino atendiendo a diferentes parámetros que engloba la obra de Strauss, en torno a la idea de maximalización y decadencia del arte de finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. Abstract: P. Craig Russell has stood out, among other contributions, for his work in making a long series of adaptations from the world of opera to comic. Russell's style is characterized by starting from the idea of adapting a musical work to a plastic and visual medium, making it not only become the simple narration of a musical opera, but also creates a work in itself in which he tries to collect different stylistic, structural and aesthetic sensations of the work and generate a representation of them. In this article we will use his adaptation of Salomé, an opera by Richard Strauss from 1905 based on the play of the same name by Oscar Wilde. The idea of musicalization of the comic will be discussed and the way in which Russell expresses different musical ideas referring not only to timbres, leitmotivs or orchestration, but also taking into account different parameters that encompass Strauss's work around the idea of maximalization and decadence of art from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.  


2019 ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Jan Zadrożny

Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed database, where participants can exchange the value of, i.e. information or financial resources without the participation of a trusted third party. Despite of a number of positive features, this technology is not free of defects. The aim of the article is to present the barriers of the discussed technology, which prevent the discussed technology from further dissemination. Therefore, in a first step, the review of basic concepts related to blockchain was conducted. It includes a discussion of key characteristics as well as dominant types of blockchain. Afterwards, the author presents barriers of the implementation of the blockchain technology: technical, socio-organizational and legal. Blockchain gained its popularity thanks to the bitcoin cryptocurrency, which was launched in 2009 as a consequence of the global financial crisis. Since then, the technology has gone a long way of evolution and development, and its use goes far beyond only the financial sector. Therefore, the article is not focused on the strengths and weaknesses of the bitcoin blockchain network, as this has already been the subject of many other publications (i.e. Yli-Huumo et al., 2016; Koteska et al., 2017), but aims to highlight barriers of its deployment. Consequently, the limitations faced by bitcoin blockchain or, more broadly, the world of cryptocurrencies, have been passed in this article advisedly.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 11-32
Author(s):  
Iker Samper Ayape

Tras los acontecimientos bélicos que asolaron el mundo durante el siglo XX, en concreto, a partid de 1980, aumento el interés y el acercamiento teórico sobre el pasado y la memoria. Partiendo de ello, la cuestión a tratar en el presente trabajo es: qué características tiene nuestro presente y cómo esto determina algunas formas de acceso al pasado. Para luego preguntarnos sobre la relación que se establece con los memoriales, es decir, en qué medida el contexto o condiciones del sujeto mediatizan su relación con la memoria. Dado que la reflexión acerca de la memoria puede estar condicionada por las características propias de nuestro contexto: aceleración social. El acercamiento que puede tener un sujeto perteneciente a las generaciones más alejadas de lo acontecido en el siglo XX difiere mucho de la relación que pueden tener aquellos que vivieron el suceso o las consecuencias de una forma más inmediata. Por ello, debemos preguntarnos: ¿Hemos -sobre todo las generaciones más jóvenes- volcado la memoria y el conocimiento en objetos externos a los que recurrir y de esa manera no llevar el peso y poder adaptarnos al contexto actual? Estos objetos portadores de la memoria y conocimiento, como las imágenes, internet, o los memoriales, etc. ¿Están sólo bajo una lógica del consumo inmediato?, o ¿es el tipo de uso más potenciado? ¿Qué relación establecemos con los memoriales? Monumentos creados con el fin de recordar. After the warlike events that devastated the world during the 20th century, specifically, from 1980, interest and the theoretical approach on the past and memory increased. Starting from this, the question to be dealt with in the present work is: what characteristics does our present have and how this determines some forms of access to the past. To then ask ourselves about the relationship that is established with memorials, that is, to what extent the context or conditions of the subject mediate his relationship with memory. Since the reflection on memory can be conditioned by the characteristics of our context: social acceleration. The approach that a subject belonging to the generations furthest away from what happened in the twentieth century may have differs greatly from the relationship that those who experienced the event or the consequences can have in a more immediate way. For this reason, we must ask ourselves: Have we - especially the younger generations - turned memory and knowledge into external objects to turn to and thus not carry the weight and be able to adapt to the current context? These objects that carry memory and knowledge, such as images, the internet, or memorials, etc. Are they only under a logic of immediate consumption? Or is it the most enhanced type of use? What relationship do we establish with the memorials? Monuments created in order to remember.


2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-213
Author(s):  
Göran Sonesson

The present essay aims at integrating different concepts of meaning developed in semiotics, biology, and cognitive science, in a way that permits the formulation of issues involving evolution and development. The concept of sign in semiotics, just like the notion of representation in cognitive science, have either been used too broadly, or outright rejected. My earlier work on the notions of iconicity and pictoriality has forced me to spell out the taken-forgranted meaning of the sign concept, both in the Saussurean and the Peircean tradition. My work with the evolution and development of semiotic resources such as language, gesture, and pictures has proved the need of having recourse to a more specified concept of sign. To define the sign, I take as point of departure the notion of semiotic function (by Piaget), and the notion of appresentation (by Husserl). In the first part of this essay, I compare cognitive science and semiotics, in particular as far as the parallel concepts of representation and sign are concerned. The second part is concerned with what is probably the most important attempt to integrate cognitive science and semiotics that has been presented so far, The Symbolic Species, by Terrence Deacon. I criticize Deacon’s use of notions such as iconicity, indexicality, and symbolicity. I choose to separate the sign concept from the notions of iconicity, indexicality, and symbolicity, which only in combination with the sign give rise to icons, indices, and symbols, but which, beyond that, have other, more elemental, uses in the world of perception. In the third part, I discuss some ideas about meaning in biosemiotics, which I show not to involve signs in the sense characterised earlier in the essay. Instead, they use meaning in the general sense of selection and organisation, which is a more elementary sense of meaning. Although I admit that there is a possible interpretation of Peirce, which could be taken to correspond to Uexküll’s idea of functional circle, and to meaning as function described by Emmeche and Hoffmeyer, I claim that this is a different sense of meaning than the one embodied in the sign concept. Finally, I suggest that more thresholds of meaning than proposed, for instance by Kull, are necessary to accommodate the differences between meaning (in the broad sense) and sign (as specified in the Piaget–Husserl tradition).


Author(s):  
Pippa Jane Marland

Tim Robinson’s Stones of Aran diptych is an extraordinary piece of place-based writing. It takes as its subject the Irish island of Árainn, and attempts what the cultural geographer John Wylie calls “the total description of landscape.” Its central motif is the ‘good step,’ a term Robinson uses to explore the relationship between humanity and the world. However, despite the work’s gradual recognition as one of the stand-out achievements of twentieth-century Anglophone landscape writing, there is a lack of consensus about the exact nature of that achievement. Robert Macfarlane describes it as “an exceptional investigation of the difficulties and rewards of dwelling.” Wylie, by contrast, feels that “A clearer disavowal of dwelling, of a correspondence of land and life, is hard to imagine.” This essay suggests that these polarised views have arisen, in part, because of the prior expectations readers have brought to the text in terms of broadly Romantic traditions of landscape writing, resulting in a failure to engage with its more innovative aspects. These innovations include its polyphonic stylistic quality, which incorporates, amidst detailed excavations of the island’s natural and social histories, elements of parody and metatextual commentary, as well as a performative aspect, whereby, cumulatively, we see Robinson attempting to take the ‘good step,’ and witness both the psychic disorientations and the epiphanies involved in this quest. These aspects bring to rural landscape writing a sensibility more often associated with urban place-based writing and suggest a psychogeographic dimension to the work. This essay argues that Stones of Aran represents a hybrid form that might be termed ‘psycho-archipelagraphy’. It enables the expression of a provisional, dynamic sense of dwelling, a ‘good step’ that, rather than either connoting a consistent correspondence between land and life or disproving the possibility of such a correspondence, effectively straddles the contradictions and disorientations involved in being-in-the-world.  Resumen                   El díptico Stones of Aran de Tim Robinson es una pieza extraordinaria de escritura basada en el lugar. Tiene como tema la isla irlandesa de Árainn, y es un intento de lo que el geógrafo cultural John Wylie llama “la descripción total del paisaje.” Su tema principal es el ‘buen paso,’ un término que Robinson usa para explorar la relación entre la humanidad y el mundo. Sin embargo, a pesar del reconocimiento gradual de la obra como uno de los logros destacados de la escritura anglófona del paisaje en el siglo XX, existe una falta de consenso sobre la naturaleza exacta de este logro. Robert Macfarlane lo describe como “una investigación excepcional de las dificultades y las recompensas de las moradas.” Wylie, por el contrario, siente que “Una negación más clara de las moradas, de la correspondencia entre vida y tierra, es difícil de imaginar.” Este ensayo sugiere que estas opiniones polarizadas han surgido, en parte, debido a las expectaciones previas que los lectores han trasladado al texto en términos de tradiciones de escritura del paisaje ampliamente románticas, resultando en un fracaso a la hora de involucrarse con sus aspectos más innovadores. Estas innovaciones incluyen su cualidad estilística polifónica, que incorpora, entre las excavaciones detalladas de las historias naturales y sociales de la isla, elementos de parodia y comentario metatextual, así como un aspecto performativo, a través del cual, de forma acumulativa, vemos a Robinson tratando de dar el ‘buen paso,’ y siendo testigo tanto de las desorientaciones psíquicas como de las epifanías implicadas en esta búsqueda. Estos aspectos aportan a la escritura del paisaje rural una sensibilidad más a menudo asociada con la escritura basada en lugares urbanos y sugieren una dimensión psicogeográfica de la obra. Este ensayo sostiene que Stones of Aran representa una forma híbrida que puede denominarse ‘psico-archipielagografía’. Permite la expresión de un sentido de morar provisional y dinámico, un ‘buen paso’ que, más que connotar una correspondencia consistente entre tierra y vida o refutar la posibilidad de tal correspondencia, abarca de forma efectiva las contradicciones y desorientaciones involucradas en el ser/estar-en-el-mundo. 


Author(s):  
Santiago Bertrán

Este artículo explora los aspectos filosóficos y éticos de la literatura de Javier Marías a la luz de la filosofía de Julián Marías y la literatura de Marcel Proust. Las ficciones de Javier Marías nos presentan una serie de personajes que se demuestran como agudos observadores que interpretan el mundo para entenderlo mejor y para orientarse en él. Este artículo defiende el argumento que esta tarea hermenéutica se extiende también a la propia poética de Javier Marías, la cual refleja dos conceptos esenciales no del todo bien estudiados hasta la fecha: por una parte, lo que Marías, tomando prestado un término de su padre, Julián Marías, denomina "pensamiento literario", un concepto que entiende la escritura como una de las herramientas más poderosas que tiene el autor de explorar y entender la realidad; por otra parte, el concepto de "reconocimiento", una noción muy próxima a la poética de Marcel Proust que describe la experiencia cognitiva por la cual el lector 'se ve' o 'se reconoce' a sí mismo en la narración. Al investigar estas poéticas visuales y sus implicaciones éticas se descubre el contexto metafísico y ontológico al cual se aproxima la obra mariesca, que no es otro que el paradigma filosófico de la "realidad radical" establecido por Ortega y Gasset a comienzos del siglo XX.   This article examines the ethical and philosophical aspects of Javier Marías’s literature in light of the philosophy of Julián Marías and the poetics of Marcel Proust. Javier Marías’s fictions famously present us with a series of characters that prove to be acute observers, interpreting the world both to understand it better and to orientate themselves within it. I argue that this hermeneutical approach extends to Marías’s poetics, which reflect two main concepts not yet well studied: on the one hand, what Marías, borrowing a term from his father, the philosopher Julián Marías, calls ‘pensamiento literario’, which describes creative writing as one of the most powerful tools the author has to explore and understand reality; and on the other, his idea of ‘reconocimiento’, a concept which echoes Marcel Proust’s poetics and which defines the sympathetic process by which the reader ‘sees’ or ‘recognises’ him or herself in the narrative. In investigating these ‘visual’ poetics and their ethical implications, we will discover the metaphysical and ontological context intrinsic to Marías’s narrative, which is based on the philosophical paradigm of the ‘realidad radical’ established by José Ortega y Gasset at the beginning of the 20th Century.


Author(s):  
Sagrario Aznar Almazán

La Crucifixión, como tema de la pintura, escultura o performance contemporáneos, ha tenido un cierto carácter de comodín para muchos artistas del siglo actual, desde Picasso, Bacon o Saura, hasta Beuys y Manzoni. Todos ellos han subrayado la significación que identifica este tema con la condición sufriente intrínseca al ser humano, especialmente al artista, imbuido desde el siglo pasado con la ambiciosa misión de cambiar el mundo. En todas estas obras hay una evidente pulsión de muerte sacrificial, chamanística, que ha atravesado todo el arte del siglo XX con el único fin, por parte de los artistas, de iluminar a los demás hombres.As a subject of painting, sculpture or contemporary performance, The Crucifixion has had a certain multifaceted character for many artists of the present century, from Picasso, Bacon and Saura, to Beuys and Manzoni. All of them emphasized the facet that identifies this subject with the suffering condition intrinsic to the human being, specially to artists, which were imbued since the last century with the ambitious task of changing the world. All those works exhibit a pulsebeat recurrent throughout 20th Century Art, a yearning for sacrificial, chamanistic death, with the artist enlightening the rest of mankind as sole aim.


2015 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Tomás Regalado López

<p>Resumen:</p><p>Durante los años veinte y treinta el grupo Contemporáneos aportó una visión plural y cosmopolita a la cultura mexicana, a contracorriente con los dogmas nacionalistas que habían contagiado los sectores sociales, culturales y políticos de su país después de la Revolución. A partir del concepto de la <em>tradición de la ruptura</em> de Octavio Paz, este ensayo pretende analizar comparativamente cómo dos novelas de finales de siglo, <em>A pesar del oscuro silencio</em> (1992) de Jorge Volpi, y <em>En la alcoba de un mundo</em> (1992) de Pedro Ángel Palou, dialogan intertextualmente, entre la ficción, la biografía y el ensayo, con dos obras de autores de Contemporáneos: el poema metafísico “Canto a un dios mineral”, de Jorge Cuesta, y el poemario <em>Nostalgia de la muerte</em>, de Xavier Vilaurrutia.</p><p>PALABRAS CLAVE: Literatura mexicana, Grupo Contemporáneos, Jorge Volpi, Pedro Ángel Palou,<br />intertextualidad<br /><br /></p><p>Abstract</p><p>The Contemporáneos group played a key role in post-revolutionary Mexico. They offered a cosmopolitan and international perspective on culture and literature in spite of the nationalistic tone that permeated all levels of Mexican life during the twenties and the thirties. Seven decades later, in 1992, Jorge Volpi and Pedro Ángel Palou wrote two novels that played tribute to poets in Contemporáneos: Volpi´s <em>In Spite of the Dark Silence</em>, a tribute to Jorge Cuesta, and Palou´s <em>In the Bedroom of the World</em>, that paid homage to Xavier Villaurrutia. Departing from Octavio Paz´s concept <em>tradition of rupture</em>, this essay aims to study the inter-textual relationships between <em>In Spite of the Dark Silence</em> and Cuesta´s poem “Song to a Mineral God” on the one hand, and, on the other, the links between <em>In the Bedroom of the World</em> and Xavier Villaurrutia´s <em>Nostalgia of the Dead</em>.</p><p>KEY WORDS: Mexican literature, Contemporáneos group, Jorge Volpi, Pedro Ángel Palou,  inter-textual relationships<br /><br /></p>


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document