scholarly journals Impact of High Temperature Stress in Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
E. Umarani ◽  
◽  
V. Hemalatha ◽  
A. Saritha ◽  
A. V. Ramanjaneyulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
The Tropics

Global warming has become a big concern in the world and it has been continuously increasing in recent decades due to the greenhouse effect. The increase in temperature has been striking and it can cause irreversible damage to plant growth and development. Though rice originates from the tropics, high temperatures of more than 35 °C during the reproductive stages reduces rice production, especially when the rice plant flowers when the high temperature occurs because it causes low seed setting and low yield. It was found that rice grain yield declined by 10% for each 1 °C increase in growing-season minimum temperature. Early-morning flowering is an important criteria in rice which escapes plant from high temperatures during peak period. It was found that Oryza glaberrima, a wild species of rice, is a useful genetic source since it has a habit of early-morning flowering and high transpiration with sufficient water, both of which are convenient traits for avoiding heat stress.

scholarly journals Phosphoproteomic analysis of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) reveals starch and sucrose metabolism functions during bolting induced by high temperature

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244198
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Qin ◽  
Panpan Li ◽  
Shaowei Lu ◽  
Yanchuan Sun ◽  
Lifeng Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

High temperatures induce early bolting in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), which decreases both quality and production. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanism underlying high temperature promotes premature bolting is lacking. In this study, we compared lettuce during the bolting period induced by high temperatures (33/25 °C, day/night) to which raised under controlled temperatures (20/13 °C, day/night) using iTRAQ-based phosphoproteomic analysis. A total of 3,814 phosphorylation sites located on 1,766 phosphopeptides from 987 phosphoproteins were identified after high-temperature treatment,among which 217 phosphoproteins significantly changed their expression abundance (116 upregulated and 101 downregulated). Most phosphoproteins for which the abundance was altered were associated with the metabolic process, with the main molecular functions were catalytic activity and transporter activity. Regarding the functional pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism was the mainly enriched signaling pathways. Hence, high temperature influenced phosphoprotein activity, especially that associated with starch and sucrose metabolism. We suspected that the lettuce shorten its growth cycle and reduce vegetative growth owing to changes in the contents of starch and soluble sugar after high temperature stress, which then led to early bolting/flowering. These findings improve our understanding of the regulatory molecular mechanisms involved in lettuce bolting.

scholarly journals LsHSP70 is induced by high temperature to interact with calmodulin, leading to higher bolting resistance in lettuce

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Liu ◽  
Zhenqi Su ◽  
Huiyan Zhou ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
Shuangxi Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Yeast Two Hybrid ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Lower Expression

Abstract High temperatures have significant impacts on heat-tolerant bolting in lettuce. In this study, it was found that high temperatures could facilitate the accumulation of GA in lettuce to induce bolting, with higher expression levels of two heat shock protein genes LsHsp70-3701 and LsHsp70-2711. By applying VIGS technology, these two Hsp70 genes were incompletely silenced and plant morphological changes under heat treatment of silenced plants were observed. The results showed that lower expression levels of these two genes could enhance bolting stem length of lettuce under high temperatures, which means these two proteins may play a significant role in heat-induced bolting tolerance. By using the yeast two-hybrid technique, it was found that a calmodulin protein could interact with LsHsp70 proteins in a high-temperature stress cDNA library, which was constructed for lettuce. Also, the Hsp70-calmodulin combination can be obtained at high temperatures. According to these results, it can be speculated that the interaction between Hsp70 and calmodulin could be induced under high temperatures and higher GA contents can be obtained at the same time. This study analyses the regulation of heat tolerance in lettuce and lays a foundation for additional studies of heat resistance in lettuce.

scholarly journals On the Breeding of Bivoltine Breeds of the Silkworm,Bombyx moriL. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), Tolerant to High Temperature and High Humidity Conditions of the Tropics

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harjeet Singh ◽  
N. Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Tropics

The hot climatic conditions of tropics prevailing particularly in summer are contributing to the poor performance of the bivoltine breeds and the most important aspect is that many quantitative characters such as viability and cocoon traits decline sharply when temperature is high. Hence, in a tropical country like India, it is very essential to develop bivoltine breeds/hybrids which can withstand the high temperature stress conditions. This has resulted in the development of CSR18×CSR19, compatible hybrid for rearing throughout the year by utilizing Japanese thermotolerant hybrids as breeding resource material. Though, the introduction of CSR18×CSR19 in the field during summer months had considerable impact, the productivity level and returns realized do not match that of other productive CSR hybrids. Therefore, the acceptance level of this hybrid with the farmers was not up to the expected level. This has necessitated the development of a temperature tolerant hybrid with better productivity traits than CSR18×CSR19. Though, it was a difficult task to break the negative correlation associated with survival and productivity traits, attempts on this line had resulted in the development of CSR46×CSR47, a temperature tolerant bivoltine hybrid with better productivity traits than CSR18×CSR19. However, though, these hybrids are tolerant to high temperature environments, they are not tolerant to many of the silkworm diseases. Keeping this in view, an attempt is made to develop silkworm hybrids tolerant to high temperature environments.

scholarly journals Shotgun Proteomic Analysis of Thermally Challenged Reef Corals

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson B. Mayfield ◽  
Catalina Aguilar ◽  
Graham Kolodziej ◽  
Ian C. Enochs ◽  
Derek P. Manzello
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Lipid Trafficking ◽  
Energy Mobilization ◽  
Elevated Protein ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems

Although coral reef ecosystems across the globe are in decline due to climate change and other anthropogenic stressors, certain inshore reefs of the Upper Florida Keys reef tract have persisted, with some even thriving, under marginalized conditions. To better understand the molecular basis of the thermotolerance displayed by these corals, a laboratory-based temperature challenge experiment that also featured conspecifics from a more stress-susceptible offshore reef was conducted with the common Caribbean reef-builder Orbicella faveolata, and the proteomes of both the coral hosts and their endosymbiotic dinoflagellate communities were profiled in (1) controls, (2) corals that succumbed to high-temperature stress and bleached, and (3) those that instead acclimated to high temperatures ex situ. Proteomic signatures varied most significantly across temperatures, host genotypes, and Symbiodiniaceae assemblages, and the two eukaryotic compartments of this mutualism exhibited distinct proteomic responses to high temperatures. Both partners maintained high levels of molecular chaperones and other canonical (eukaryotic) stress response (CSR) proteins in all treatments (including controls). Instead, proteins involved in lipid trafficking, metabolism, and photosynthesis played greater roles in the holobionts’ high-temperature responses, and these energy mobilization processes may have sustained the elevated protein turnover rates associated with the constitutively active CSR.

Identification of candidate genes related to rice grain weight under high-temperature stress

Plant Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-Lin Liao ◽  
Hong-Yu Zhang ◽  
Jun-Bao Liu ◽  
Ping-An Zhong ◽  
Ying-Jin Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Grain

scholarly journals Involvement of Ca2+ in Regulation of Physiological Indices and Heat Shock Factor Expression in Four Iris germanica Cultivars under High-temperature Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Mao ◽  
Hongliang Xu ◽  
Caixia Guo ◽  
Jun Tong ◽  
Yanfang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Heat Shock Factor ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Iris Germanica

Although tolerance to high temperature is crucial to the summer survival of Iris germanica cultivars in subtropical areas, few physiological studies have been conducted on this topic previously. To remedy this, this study explored the physiological response and expression of heat shock factor in four I. germanica cultivars with varying levels of thermotolerance. The plants’ respective degrees of high-temperature tolerance were evaluated by measuring the ratio and area of withered leaves under stress. Several physiological responses to high temperatures were investigated, including effects on chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes, proline, and soluble protein content in the leaves of four cultivars. CaCl2 was sprayed on ‘Gold Boy’ and ‘Royal Crusades’ considered being sensitive to high temperatures to study if Ca2+ could improve the tolerance, and LaCl3 was sprayed on ‘Music Box’ and ‘Galamadrid’ with better high-temperature tolerance to test if calcium ion blocker could decrease their tolerance. Heat shock factor genes were partially cloned according to the conserved region sequence, and expression changes to high-temperature stress with CaCl2 or LaCl3 treatments were thoroughly analyzed. Results showed that high temperature is the primary reason for large areas of leaf withering. The ratio and area of withered leaves on ‘Music Box’ and ‘Galamadrid’ were smaller than ‘Gold Boy’ and ‘Royal Crusades’. CaCl2 slowed the degradation of chlorophyll content and increased proline and soluble protein in ‘Gold Boy’ and ‘Royal Crusades’ but had no significant effect on activating peroxidase or superoxide to improve high-temperature tolerance. Genetic expression of heat shock factor in ‘Gold Boy’ and ‘Royal Crusades’ was upregulated by Ca2+ at later stages of leaf damage under high-temperature stress. LaCl3 down-regulated the physiological parameters and expression level of heat shock factor in ‘Music Box’ and ‘Galamadrid’. These results suggest that different I. germanica cultivars have varying high-temperature tolerance and furthermore that Ca2+ regulates their physiological indicators and expression level of heat shock factor under stress.

scholarly journals Marker Assisted Pyramiding of QTLs for Heat Tolerance and Escape Upgrades Heat Resilience in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changrong Ye ◽  
Tsutomu Ishimaru ◽  
Leslie Lambio ◽  
Le Li ◽  
Yu Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Growth Chambers

Abstract High temperature at flowering stage of rice causes low spikelet fertility and low yield. To cope with high temperature stress brought by climate change, two strategies were proposed to develop heat-resilient rice varieties. One is to escape the high temperature by flowering early in the morning, another is to enhance tolerance to high temperature stress per se. Two promising QTLs for early morning flowering (qEMF3) and heat tolerance (qHTSF4.1) were introgressed into IR64 background, and near isogenic lines (NILs) IR64+qEMF3 (IR64EMF3) and IR64+qHTSF4.1 (IR64HT4) were developed in previous studies. In this study, a QTL pyramiding line IR64+qHTSF4.1+qEMF3 (IR64HT4EMF3) was developed by marker assisted selection of the progenies of previous NILs. The NILs were subjected to different high temperature regimes in the indoor growth chambers and different locations in the field. In the indoor growth chambers, when high temperature starts early (before 11:00 am), IR64HT4 and IR64HT4EMF3 had higher spikelet fertility than IR64EMF3; when high temperature comes later (after 11:00 am), IR64EMF3 and IR64HT4EMF3 had higher spikelet fertility than IR64HT4. The flowering pattern of the IR64HT4EMF3 was earlier than IR64HT4, but similar to IR64EMF3 in the glasshouse, field and indoor growth chambers. IR64HT4EMF3 showed higher spikelet fertility than IR64EMF3 and IR64HT4 in the field in the Philippines. Thus, combination of early morning flowering and heat tolerance QTLs is an elegant breeding strategy to cope with future extreme climate.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND SOIL RESPIRATION OF PEPPER INOCULATED WITH VAM FUNGI UNDER TWO TEMPERATURE REGIMENS

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 916E-917
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Jean C. Stutz ◽  
Shanyn Goodnight
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Synergistic Enhancement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Two Temperature ◽  
Carbon Economy

Pepper (Capsicum sp. L.) seedlings were inoculated with either Glomus sp. AZ 112 (isolated from Wickman, Ariz.), Glomus intraradices Smith and Schneck (isolated from Santa Theresa, N.M.), a mixture of the two isolates, or a nonmycorrhizal control, and were grown for 8 weeks in a moderate (20.7 to 25.4C) or high temperature (32.1 to 38.0C) environment. Plants in moderate temperatures were larger and had lower specific soil respiration (Rspsoil) (μmol CO2/m2/s per gram root tissue dry weight) compared with those in high temperatures. In moderate temperatures, mycorrhizal plants were smaller and had higher Rspsoil than nonmycorrhizal controls. In high temperatures, plants inoculated with the isolate mixture grew nearly twice as large and had lower Rspsoil compared with plants inoculatedwith the individual isolates or the nonmycorrhizal control. Results suggest an improved carbon economy and a synergistic enhancement of pepper growth caused by the mixture of VAM fungal isolates that was not achieved by inoculation with single isolates alone under conditions of high-temperature stress.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND SOIL RESPIRATION OF PEPPER INOCULATED WITH VAM FUNGI UNDER TWO TEMPERATURE REGIMENS

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-917
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Jean C. Stutz ◽  
Shanyn Goodnight
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Synergistic Enhancement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Two Temperature ◽  
Carbon Economy

Pepper (Capsicum sp. L.) seedlings were inoculated with either Glomus sp. AZ 112 (isolated from Wickman, Ariz.), Glomus intraradices Smith and Schneck (isolated from Santa Theresa, N.M.), a mixture of the two isolates, or a nonmycorrhizal control, and were grown for 8 weeks in a moderate (20.7 to 25.4C) or high temperature (32.1 to 38.0C) environment. Plants in moderate temperatures were larger and had lower specific soil respiration (Rspsoil) (μmol CO2/m2/s per gram root tissue dry weight) compared with those in high temperatures. In moderate temperatures, mycorrhizal plants were smaller and had higher Rspsoil than nonmycorrhizal controls. In high temperatures, plants inoculated with the isolate mixture grew nearly twice as large and had lower Rspsoil compared with plants inoculatedwith the individual isolates or the nonmycorrhizal control. Results suggest an improved carbon economy and a synergistic enhancement of pepper growth caused by the mixture of VAM fungal isolates that was not achieved by inoculation with single isolates alone under conditions of high-temperature stress.

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