scholarly journals The Language of Online Child Sexual Groomers - A Corpus Assisted Discourse Study of Intentions, Requests and Grooming Duration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anina Kinzel
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Chat Rooms ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Reference Corpus ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Successful Analysis

Online grooming has become a wide-spread and worryingly fast increasing issue in society. This thesis analyses a corpus of online grooming communication, made available by the Perverted Justice (PJ) archive, a non-profit organisation that from 2004 until 2019 employed volunteers, who pretended to be children and entered chat rooms to catch and convict groomers, collaborating with law enforcement. The archive consists of 622 grooming chat logs and approx. 3.7 million words of groomer language. A corpus of this database was built, and a Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS) approach used to analyse the language therein. Specifically, the language was compared to a reference corpus of general chat language data (PAN2012) and duration of online grooming and manipulative requesting behaviour were also investigated. The following research questions were answered: 1)What are the features of a corpus of online groomer language compared to that of a general digital chat language reference corpus? Is online groomer language distinct? How are online grooming intentions realised linguistically by online groomers?2)Does duration of grooming influence the grooming process/intentions? Is usage of specific words/specific grooming intentions associated with different duration of grooming? Can different duration profiles be established and, if so, what are the cut-off points for these duration profiles?3)How are requests realised in online grooming and how does duration influence this? How do groomers make requests and what support move functions do they use? Does duration influence how requests are made, and the type of support move function that are used?The thesis newly identifies nuanced linguistic realisations of groomers’ intentions and strategies, proposing a new working terminology for discourse-based models of online grooming. This is based on a review of the literature followed by an empirical analysis refining this terminology, which has not been done before. It finds evidence for two distinct duration-based grooming approaches and yields a fine-grained qualitative analysis of groomer requests, also influenced by grooming duration. There have only been very few studies using a CADS analysis of such a large dataset of groomer language and this thesis will lead to new insights, implications and significance for the successful analysis, detection and prevention of online grooming.

The Opinion-Mobilizing Effect of Social Protest against Police Violence: Evidence from the 2020 George Floyd Protests

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
TYLER T. RENY ◽  
BENJAMIN J. NEWMAN
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Mass Opinion ◽  
The U.S

Does social protest following the police killing of unarmed Black civilians have a widespread “opinion-mobilizing” effect against the police? Or, does the racialized nature of these events polarize mass opinion based on standing racial and political orientations? To answer these questions, we use a large dataset comprised of weekly cross sections of the American public and employ a regression discontinuity in time (RDiT) approach leveraging the random timing of the police killing of George Floyd and ensuing nationwide protests. We find that the Floyd protests swiftly decreased favorability toward the police and increased perceived anti-Black discrimination among low-prejudice and politically liberal Americans. However, attitudes among high-prejudice and politically conservative Americans either remained unchanged or evinced only small and ephemeral shifts. Our evidence suggests that the Floyd protests served to further racialize and politicize attitudes within the domain of race and law enforcement in the U.S.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Investigation on Work in NGOs: The Case of Songkhla Province of Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Phathara-on Wesarat ◽  
Mohmad Yazam Sharif ◽  
Abdul Halim Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Depth Interviews

The concept of work in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) specifically in Songkhla province of Thailand is highlighted in this paper. The study assumed that the meaning of work in NGOs is different from other types of organizations such as business and governmental organizations. NGO operations are seen to be different in terms of their goals when compared to those organizations. Even though research on work had been widely conducted in the business as well as the governmental sectors worldwide, few studies on this issue had been done in the NGO or non-profit sector. The concept of work in NGOs needs to be explored further in order for interested parties to get a true understanding of the nature of work in NGO sector. The research questions posed in this paper relate to how and why the work in NGOs influences the NGO professionals. The objective of this paper is to present some findings based on an in-depth study on the meaning of work in NGOs. This study consists of two core aspects of work: subjective and objective aspects. The respondents in this paper were 16 professionals (i.e. university graduates) selected from five local NGOs in Songkhla province of Thailand. This study used a mixed method within qualitative approach comprising in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and secondary documents. This study showed that the NGO professionals had given high values on the subjective aspects of work because they were seeking fulfillment from work, while the objective aspects of work were seen to be less important to them.

scholarly journals Law Enforcement of Criminal Trading of Narcotics by the North Sumatera Narcotics Agency

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Ridzwan Budiadi ◽  
Eriska Englin Sofia Butarbutar ◽  
Rony Parlungutan Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The North ◽  
Narcotics Trafficking ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Government ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
The City

The circulation of narcotics is one of the problems that should get more attention in Indonesia, especially in the city of Medan. This study uses the juridical-normative method in explaining research questions. In reinforcing arguments and explanations, researchers used primary data through direct interviews with the North Sumatra National Narcotics Agency (BNN) and secondary through scientific writings, news and official government publications. This paper explains that the government must be able to enforce the law related to the crime of narcotics trafficking, this is due to the large impact that can arise from the destruction of Indonesia's young generation.

Signal and Noise

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Yang
Keyword(s):  
Past Tense ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Language Data

A very detailed study of the acquisition of English inflectional morphology and derivational morphology (nominalization). How, and when, children learn the regular and irregular past tense rules of English. How children learn to stress English words correctly, from an initial state of mislearning. The fine-grained analysis of German noun plurals where a very small rule (‘add -s’) can be productive. The entire discussion is driven by the equation, using child-directed language data.

Study on utterances of administrative law enforcement in van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-236
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wu ◽  
Yuxiu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Discourse Studies ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Normative Factors

AbstractThis study explores the administrative law enforcement from three perspectives, namely, discourse, cognition and society, according to van Dijk’s theory of critical discourse studies. “Discourse” is the essential linguistic analysis of administrative law enforcement, which may lead to the tension between law-executors and law-breakers, as well as to ease the conflicts and achieve the balance, so that the discourse mode with considerable tolerance and explanation is of great significance for improving the current practice of administrative law enforcement. “Cognition” deals with psychological model based on cognitive and social psychology. In the interaction of administrative law enforcement, the social roles are institutionalized by the context, which is achieved through knowledge background, cognitive methods, communicative purpose, role expectations and information transmission. “Society” focuses on the investigation of institutions, powers and groups based on sociology. There are normative factors and non-normative variables in the administrative law enforcement: the former refers to superior will, judicial review, supervision and defense of law-breaker, while the latter involves administrative habits and experience, natural emotions, interest and mass media. In the institutional context, social variables affect the implementation of administrative law enforcement in different discourse modes.

Exploring Requirement Change Propagation Through the Physical and Functional Domain

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyo Htet Hein ◽  
Varun Menon ◽  
Beshoy Morkos
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Change Propagation ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Physical Domain ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Requirement Change ◽  
Propagation Prediction ◽  
Requirements Document

Prior research performed by Morkos [1], culminated in the automated requirement change propagation prediction (ARCPP) tool which utilized natural language data in requirements to predict change propagation throughout a requirements document as a result of an initiating requirement change. Whereas the prior research proved requirements can be used to predict change propagation, the purpose of this case study is to understand why. Specifically, what parts of a requirement affect its ability to predict change propagation? This is performed by addressing two key research questions: (1) Is the requirement review depth affected by the number of relators selected to relate requirements and (2) What elements of a requirement are responsible for instigating change propagation, the physical (nouns) or functional (verbs) domain? The results of this study assist in understanding whether the physical or functional domain have a greater effect on the instigation of change propagation. The results indicated that the review depth, an indicator of the performance of the ARCPP tool, is not affected by the number of relators, but rather by the ability of relators in relating the propagating relationships. Further, nouns are found to be more contributing to predicting change propagation in requirements. Therefore, the physical domain is more effective in predicting requirement change propagation than the functional domain.

Addressing tent cities: an example of police/non-profit collaboration

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-943
Author(s):  
Brittany Solensten ◽  
Dale Willits
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Non Profit Organizations ◽  
The City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine a collaborative relationship between non-profit organizations and a Midwest police department to address issues of poverty and homelessness. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative interviews were conducted with five non-profit organization workers along with three police officers about social problems in the city between September and December of 2017. Findings The collaboration between non-profit organizations and law enforcement was largely helpful and successful in integrating residents of tent city into existing housing programs within the city, limiting future law enforcement calls addressing latent homelessness issues. Research limitations/implications This qualitative study was exploratory in nature and data were drawn from a single city. Although key stakeholders were interviewed, results are based on a small sample of police and non-profit social service workers. Also, individuals who lived in the tent city were not interviewed. Practical implications This study demonstrates how an approach in addressing tent cities through non-profit organizations and law enforcement collaboration are arguably effective in humanely moving residents of tent cities into housing for a long-term solution to homelessness. Originality/value There is limited research about tent cities especially the long-term effectiveness of dismantling them with various methods. This paper demonstrates one city’s approach to combat homelessness by dismantling a tent city, with a follow-up a few years later showing the effectiveness of a more humane approach, which can set an example for future cities also combating homelessness.

scholarly journals ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY OF INDIVIDUALS AND LEGAL ENTITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 448-453
Author(s):  
Tatyana Skvortsova ◽  
Аnna Nikitina ◽  
Mustafa Ansari ◽  
Margarita Tertyshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Income Generating Activities ◽  
Non Profit Organizations ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Legal Entities

Entrepreneurial activity is pursued by large, medium and small business entities which can be introduced by individuals – individual entrepreneurs and legal entities – commercial and non-profit organizations. The entrepreneurial activity of these entities is regulated by the rules of law which may cause problems in law enforcement resulting in the improvement of legal regulation. The article provides a review of some legal regulation issues of entrepreneurial activities of non-profit organizations, the analysis of peculiarities of economic activity exercised by these organizations and covers the problems of differentiation between entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial activities that individuals are engaged in. The authors analyze the problem of relations between the concepts of "entrepreneurial activity" and "income-generating activities" which requires a solution by means of elaborating a strategy for existing legislation improvement to prevent situations that violate the rights and legal interests of entities in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity.

scholarly journals Hidden and uninterested populations: Methodological insights and unresolved issues from the study of Cannabis Social Clubs

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 205979912097696
Author(s):  
Mafalda Pardal ◽  
Melissa Bone ◽  
Tom Decorte ◽  
Rosario Queirolo ◽  
Òscar Parés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Social Clubs ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Hard To Reach Populations ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Critical Consideration

Cannabis Social Clubs are typically non-profit associations established by adult users of cannabis, which produce and distribute cannabis among their members. Such associations can be found in several European countries and beyond, but with exception of Uruguay, they are illegal or otherwise operate at the margins of domestic drug control legislation, at risk for law enforcement detection. We have conducted several individual and collaborative studies on Cannabis Social Clubs and their key actors (e.g. Cannabis Social Clubs leaders, users affiliated as members, cannabis growers, other stakeholders), primarily drawing on qualitative methods (e.g. ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, qualitative media analyses) but also employing a quantitative approach (e.g. online surveys). In this article, we reflect on the research experiences of the authors in studying Cannabis Social Clubs, providing insights for future research in this area and within criminology and socio-legal studies. In particular, we aim to examine our approaches with regard to the recruitment of participants and research design, identifying good practices, but also discussing what the less successful strategies were. We draw on research conducted since 2014 in different countries, with different legal frameworks, which provides an opportunity for a comparative and more in-depth critical consideration of what might be helpful ways of reaching and researching hard-to-reach populations.

THE EFFECT OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA ON YOUNG ADULTS: RESEARCH ON THE EDMONTON VALLEY ZOO DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D Letwin ◽  
James Cuvilier ◽  
Tristan Donnelly ◽  
Jessicah Adeniken ◽  
Ghee Chana
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

  The Valley Zoo Development Society (VZDS) is a non-profit organization currently working with the Edmonton Valley Zoo in hopes to re-build and develop the zoo, and ultimately gain awareness from the Edmonton public. VZDS fundraises through seasonal events, in particular, The Festival Of Light. This is a ten-day event, which occurs annually in mid December and offers a variety of entertainment such as ice-skating and fire dancers on the zoo grounds. The current market VZDS is targeting consists primarily of families with young children. Although, this is a large segment, it is not currently creating enough revenue to sustain the Valley Zoo and the Valley Zoo Development Society. Therefore, the VZDS has inquired about reaching a new target demographic, specifically young adults aged 19-25. This group is a large and diverse segment and could be a very beneficial market to promote to. The Valley Zoo Development Society has questioned how one might go about reaching this demographic with a relatively inexpensive marketing campaign. With this in mind, initial exploratory research was conducted with a set of in-depth interviews with individuals within the age category. With the information gained from these interviews, along with literature review on their decision-making processes, a primary marketing problem was identified. This problem is largely based on the lack of information and awareness of this group about the activities of the Edmonton Valley Zoo. With the lack of marketing strategies directed to young adults; they remain vastly unaware of the events hosted by the zoo, or that the zoo is currently involved in major renovations. Therefore, the research conducted analyzes six key research questions involved in how the VZDS can gain this awareness, and what channels of media would yield the best result of reaching this segment. A questionnaire was developed regarding these six research questions to gain insight into how MacEwan students feel about the zoo, and how well informed these students are about the Valley Zoo. On top of this, questions also involved what avenues of media are most used within this sample (print media, social media, radio, television, etc.). Through data analysis it can be concluded that this age group would give a worthy contribution to the Valley Zoo if they were able to incorporate a social experience, such as a romantic outing. As well, these individuals can be reached with many media alternatives, however, through statistical analysis, it has been evaluated that radio advertising will have the greatest potential in reaching individuals who would be willing to attend the Edmonton Valley Zoo again.

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