scholarly journals Women’s economic status and son preference: empirical evidence from private school enrolment in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritika Gupta ◽  
◽  
Saumya Jain ◽  
Anjini Kochar ◽  
Closepet Nagabhushana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Private School ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
School Enrolment

Empirical Assessments of the Implementation of Laws Addressing School Segregation and Diversity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J.R. Levesque
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Supreme Court

This chapter analyzes research related to the necessity of remedial approaches as well as potential alternatives to addressing racial disparity and the segregation of schools. These constitute critical analyses due to the manner in which the US Supreme Court addresses group classifications relating to race. These analyses reveal scant empirical evidence that addresses the law’s direct needs. Notably, it is not clear that integration efforts that use racial classifications are necessary to address the ills described by the legal system. In addition, it is not clear that alternatives, such as using economic status to shape school districts, increase integration in ways that reduce the harms associated with discrimination. In the end, the conclusion is not that these approaches could not receive empirical support; rather, it is that researchers simply have not engaged in the type of research needed to address key legal claims.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Subsequent Childbirth between Marriage Years in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12560
Author(s):  
Jeongok Park ◽  
Kyoungjin Lee ◽  
Heejung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Government ◽  
Group 1

This study aimed to identify differences in factors associated with subsequent childbirth between the marriage years of 1996–2005 (Group 1) and 2006–2015 (Group 2) using the 2015 National Survey. A total of 5097 eligible participants (2492 and 2605 women in each group, respectively) were included. The main variables consisted of demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, value for child and son, and social support for raising child. For statistical analysis, discrete-time hazard models were used. The common factors associated with subsequent childbirth in both groups were son preference (Group 1: HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.06–1.27, Group 2: HR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.04–1.24) and the favorable value on children (HR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.01–1.25, HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.01–1.22). Only in Group 2, age at the first childbirth (HR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.31–1.39) and more monthly income (≥4600, <6000: HR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.04–1.33, ≥6000: HR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.00–1.32) were significantly associated with subsequent children. Whereas, working women (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.78–0.94) were less likely to have subsequent children. To increase fertility in Korea, the government must provide childcare and deal with factors associated with low fertility considering the reduction in role incomparability for women due to changes in demographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Covid-19 and the entrenchment of a virtual Elite private school: Rethinking education policies in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hove Baldwin ◽  
Dube Bekithemba
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Private School ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
World Health ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Digital Gap ◽  
Rethinking Education

By using a critical emancipatory research framework, this theoretical paper discusses the COVID-19-induced commercialisation of the education system in Zimbabwe. It argues that COVID-19 exposed and widened the digital gap between privileged and underprivileged learners, regardless of the learners’ geographical location. The digitalisation of the education space –in adherence to World Health Organization’s COVID-19 guidelines – has resulted in the creation of virtual elite schools. Learners from privileged families found sanctuary in digital learning, whilst underprivileged learners continue to be exposed to the reality of commercialised education. This trend has revealed educational inequalities between privileged and underprivileged learners. The paper answers two major questions: 1. What are the inequalities that were reintroduced by the COVID-19 pandemic in the Zimbabwean education system? and 2. How effective is stakeholders’ response to COVID-19-induced inequalities? The paper argues that COVID-19 has dashed the hopes of free education for all, by creating a digital gap that perpetuates and entrenches inequalities in relation to learners. In light of these findings, the study suggests that education stakeholders invest in digital infrastructure, with special attention being paid to learners’ economic status, as opposed to their geographical location.

scholarly journals Nutritional and physical fitness differences in children and adolescents from diverse socio-economic backgrounds (Diferencias nutricionales y de condición física en niños y adolescentes de contextos socioeconómicos diferenciados)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 560-567
Author(s):  
Sonia García-Merino ◽  
Rosa-María Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez ◽  
Silvia Burgos-Postigo
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Private School ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Group 2

  Lifestyle affects the health of children and adolescents, especially those living with socio-economic disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutritional status, level of fitness, and diet in children and adolescents from different socio-economic environments. To evaluate nutritional status and nutritional habits, Body Mass Index Z-score, Waist-to-Height Index and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index, were chosen. To measure physical fitness, Eurofit battery was used. Participants were 290 healthy children and adolescents of two groups. Group 1 (78) was part of a social integration project through sport; group 2 (212) belonged to a private school with a high socio-economic status. Differences between groups were found in the nutritional status and physical fitness tests. There were no differences in the total score of the Kid Med Test (p=.42), but data suggested a better quality of food consumption in group 2. Even though both groups exhibited healthy values, results were slightly more favorable for speed of movement and flexibility (p<.05), and for diet habits (better intake of olive oil, less sweet consumption, p < .05) in the group 2. The study, even with limitations, shows that there is still room for equal opportunities in promoting the quality of life of young people.  Resumen: El estilo de vida afecta a la salud de los niños y adolescentes, especialmente a los que viven en riesgo de exclusión social y económica. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el estatus nutricional, el nivel de condición física y la dieta en niños y adolescentes de diferentes entornos socioeconómicos. Para evaluar el estatus nutricional y los hábitos nutricionales, se eligió el índice de masa corporal z-score, el índice cintura-estatura y el índice de calidad de la dieta mediterránea. Para medir la aptitud física, se utilizó la batería Eurofit. Los participantes fueron 290 niños y adolescentes sanos de dos grupos. El grupo 1 (78) formaba parte de un proyecto de integración social a través del deporte; el grupo 2 (212) pertenecía a un colegio privado de alto nivel socioeconómico. Se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos en las pruebas de estatus nutricional y de aptitud física. No hubo diferencias en la puntuación total del Kid Med Test (p=.42), pero los datos sugirieron una mejor calidad del consumo de alimentos en el grupo 2. Aunque ambos grupos presentaban valores saludables, el grupo 2 obtuvo mejores resultados en la velocidad de movimiento y la flexibilidad (p<.05), y en los hábitos dietéticos (mejor consumo de aceite de oliva, menos consumo de dulces, p <.05). El estudio, aun con limitaciones, muestra que todavía hay espacio para la igualdad de oportunidades en la promoción de la calidad de vida de los jóvenes.

School Segregation in the Era of Color-Blind Jurisprudence and School Choice

2021 ◽  
pp. 107808742110495
Author(s):  
Charles T. Clotfelter ◽  
Steven W. Hemelt ◽  
Helen F. Ladd ◽  
Mavzuna R. Turaeva
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Private School ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Interracial Contact ◽  
Color Blind ◽  
To Come ◽  
Using Data ◽  
K 12

The decades-long resistance to federally imposed school desegregation entered a new phase at the turn of the new century. At that time, federal courts stopped pushing racial balance as a remedy for past segregation and adopted in its place a color-blind approach to evaluating school district assignment plans. Using data that span 1998 to 2016 from North Carolina, one of the first states to come under this color-blind dictum, we examine the ways in which households and policymakers took actions that had the effect of reducing the amount of interracial contact in K-12 schools within counties. We divide these reductions in interracial contact into portions due to the private school and charter school sectors, the existence of multiple school districts, and racial disparities between schools within districts and sectors. For most counties, the last of these proves to be the biggest, though in some counties private schools, charter schools, or multiple districts played a deciding role. In addition, we decompose segregation in the state's 13 metropolitan areas, finding that more than half can be attributed to racial disparities inside school districts. We also measure segregation by economic status, finding that it, like racial segregation, increased in the largest urban counties, but elsewhere changed little over the period.

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