scholarly journals Age at marriage, women’s education, and mother and child outcomes in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Field ◽  
◽  
Rachel Glennerster ◽  
Shahana Nazneen ◽  
Svetlana Pimkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women's Education ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Mother And Child

scholarly journals Age at marriage, women’s education, and mother and child outcomes in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Field ◽  
◽  
Rachel Glennerster ◽  
Shahana Nazneen ◽  
Svetlana Pimkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women's Education ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Mother And Child

scholarly journals Multiple jeopardy: Risk and protective factors among addicted mothers' offspring

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNIYA S. LUTHAR ◽  
GRETTA CUSHING ◽  
KATHLEEN R. MERIKANGAS ◽  
BRUCE J. ROUNSAVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Maternal Psychopathology ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Child Reports ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
American Ethnicity

Objectives of this study were to ascertain risk and protective factors in the adjustment of 78 school-age and teenage offspring of opioid- and cocaine-abusing mothers. Using a multimethod, multiinformant approach, child outcomes were operationalized via lifetime psychiatric diagnoses and everyday social competence (each based on both mother and child reports), and dimensional assessments of symptoms (mother report). Risk/protective factors examined included the child sociodemographic attributes of gender, age, and ethnicity, aspects of maternal psychopathology, and both mother's and children's cognitive functioning. Results revealed that greater child maladjustment was linked with increasing age, Caucasian (as opposed to African American) ethnicity, severity of maternal psychiatric disturbance, higher maternal cognitive abilities (among African Americans) and lower child cognitive abilities (among Caucasians). Limitations of the study are discussed, as are implications of findings for future research.

scholarly journals Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Viswanathan ◽  
Jennifer Cook Middleton ◽  
Alison Stuebe ◽  
Nancy Berkman ◽  
Alison N. Goulding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Health Disorders

Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.

Changes in Parental Assets and Children's Educational Outcomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
VERNON LOKE ◽  
PAUL SACCO
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asset Accumulation ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Math Scores ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Using Data

AbstractSeveral countries, including Canada, Singapore and the United Kingdom, have enacted asset-based policies for children in recent years. The premise underlying these policies is that increases in assets lead to improvement in various child outcomes over time. But little existing research examines this premise from a dynamic perspective. Using data from the NLSY79 mother and child datasets, two parallel process latent growth curve models are estimated to examine the effects of parental asset accumulation on changes in children's achievements over six years during middle childhood. Results indicate that the initial level of assets is positively associated with math scores, but not reading scores, while faster asset accumulation is associated with changes in reading scores, but not in math scores. Overall, the results suggest that the relationship between assets and various child outcomes may not be straight-forward. Different dimensions of the asset experience may lead to different outcomes, and the same dimension may also have different effects. Implications for future research and for asset-based policies are discussed.

scholarly journals Maternal alcohol consumption in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) – Research opportunities

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. DeRoo
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Maternal Alcohol ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Maternal Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Mother And Child

The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) is a valuable resource for the study of the effects of maternal alcohol consumption. MoBa’s strengths include a population-based sample of over 107,000 pregnancies, concurrent and retrospective assessment of maternal prenatal and postnatal alcohol consumption, and prospective follow-up for pregnancy and child outcomes. Direct questions were asked on the frequency, dose and timing of maternal alcohol consumption. Screening tools including the T-ACE and partial Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index were used to identify women at risk for drinking during pregnancy. Comprehensive information on potential confounders was collected including maternal medical history, reproductive history, smoking, and other substance use. The detailed alcohol data allow the differentiation between non-binge and binge-level drinking, important for studying different thresholds of exposure. The availability of maternal and infant DNA enables the study of genetic differences in alcohol metabolism. Besides conventional analyses, sibship studies of differentially exposed siblings can be conducted among the offspring of over 15,000 women who participated in the study for more than one pregnancy. Although there are low levels of social disadvantage in Norway (poverty increases the risk of harms from prenatal drinking), binge drinking is a common pattern of consumption and previous studies found that drinking alcohol during pregnancy is not uncommon. Here, I provide a brief review of prenatal alcohol literature and measurement issues, describe MoBa alcohol variables, and discuss how MoBa can contribute to maternal alcohol research within the context of Norway.

Maternal Age at Last Birth in Egypt

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Dale Horne ◽  
Chirayath M. Suchindran
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Marital Dissolution ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression

SummaryA proportional hazards regression model was applied to data on women aged 45–49 from the Egyptian Fertility Survey, to assess the effects of women's education, residence, and marital experience on their age at the birth of their last child. When age at marriage and parity were controlled, well-educated urban women tended to stop reproducing earlier than less educated rural women. Compared to intact first marriages, marital dissolution (divorce, widowhood, or separation) with remarriage tended to prolong the age at last birth, while failure to remarry tended to hasten it.

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