Relations Between Mother and Child Perceptions of Maternal Support Following CSA and Child Outcomes

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genelle Sawyer ◽  
Kristyn Zajac ◽  
Daniel Smith ◽  
Michael McCart
Keyword(s):  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Support ◽  
Child Perceptions ◽  
Mother And Child

scholarly journals Multiple jeopardy: Risk and protective factors among addicted mothers' offspring

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNIYA S. LUTHAR ◽  
GRETTA CUSHING ◽  
KATHLEEN R. MERIKANGAS ◽  
BRUCE J. ROUNSAVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Maternal Psychopathology ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Child Reports ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
American Ethnicity

Objectives of this study were to ascertain risk and protective factors in the adjustment of 78 school-age and teenage offspring of opioid- and cocaine-abusing mothers. Using a multimethod, multiinformant approach, child outcomes were operationalized via lifetime psychiatric diagnoses and everyday social competence (each based on both mother and child reports), and dimensional assessments of symptoms (mother report). Risk/protective factors examined included the child sociodemographic attributes of gender, age, and ethnicity, aspects of maternal psychopathology, and both mother's and children's cognitive functioning. Results revealed that greater child maladjustment was linked with increasing age, Caucasian (as opposed to African American) ethnicity, severity of maternal psychiatric disturbance, higher maternal cognitive abilities (among African Americans) and lower child cognitive abilities (among Caucasians). Limitations of the study are discussed, as are implications of findings for future research.

Fostering Independence in Mother-Child Interactions: Longitudinal Changes in Contingency Patterns as Children Grow Competent in Developmental Tasks

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Kindermann
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Change ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Maternal Support ◽  
Dependent Child ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dependent Behaviour ◽  
Contingent Support

The study attempted to reconstruct changes in naturalistic interactions between mother and child while children gained competence in three basic developmental tasks, namely, while they were learning to walk, eat, and dress themselves alone. Cross-sequentially organised observations focused on independent and dependent child behaviours and corresponding supportive mother reactions. At four measurement points across a period of 100 days, six children, two each at the age of 9, 12, and 21 months, were videotaped at home interacting with their mothers; at each point, mothers were interviewed about children's competencies. Changes in behaviour frequencies and interaction patterns were consistent with hypotheses that mothers adjust their socialising interactions to children's growing competencies in developmental tasks. Before tasks were begun, interactions could be characterised as nurturant (contingent maternal support for dependent behaviour only); when children were actively learning in a task, interactions evolved into complementary patterns (maternal support for both dependent and independent behaviours); and when competence was firmly established, mothers rarely showed contingent support for either dependent or independent task-related behaviours. The discussion contrasts processes of developmental change in socialising contexts with assumptions about the stability of childrearing practices.

scholarly journals Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Viswanathan ◽  
Jennifer Cook Middleton ◽  
Alison Stuebe ◽  
Nancy Berkman ◽  
Alison N. Goulding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Health Disorders

Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.

Changes in Parental Assets and Children's Educational Outcomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
VERNON LOKE ◽  
PAUL SACCO
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asset Accumulation ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Math Scores ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Using Data

AbstractSeveral countries, including Canada, Singapore and the United Kingdom, have enacted asset-based policies for children in recent years. The premise underlying these policies is that increases in assets lead to improvement in various child outcomes over time. But little existing research examines this premise from a dynamic perspective. Using data from the NLSY79 mother and child datasets, two parallel process latent growth curve models are estimated to examine the effects of parental asset accumulation on changes in children's achievements over six years during middle childhood. Results indicate that the initial level of assets is positively associated with math scores, but not reading scores, while faster asset accumulation is associated with changes in reading scores, but not in math scores. Overall, the results suggest that the relationship between assets and various child outcomes may not be straight-forward. Different dimensions of the asset experience may lead to different outcomes, and the same dimension may also have different effects. Implications for future research and for asset-based policies are discussed.

scholarly journals Age at marriage, women’s education, and mother and child outcomes in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Field ◽  
◽  
Rachel Glennerster ◽  
Shahana Nazneen ◽  
Svetlana Pimkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women's Education ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Mother And Child
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