Application of high powered lasers to perforated completions

Flow Performance of Perforated Completions

Transport in Porous Media ◽

10.1007/s11242-009-9357-6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 305-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Colin Atkinson ◽

Franck Monmont ◽

Alexander Zazovsky

Keyword(s):

Perforated Completions

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A new generation inflow performance modelling tool with improved capabilities

The APPEA Journal ◽

10.1071/aj08025 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 413

Author(s):

Akim Kabir ◽

Yvette Manolas

Keyword(s):

Production Performance ◽

Performance Modelling ◽

Reservoir Properties ◽

Exploration And Production ◽

Calculation Results ◽

Perforated Completions ◽

Parametric Studies ◽

Inflow Performance ◽

New Generation ◽

Selection Of

The inflow performance prediction of a completion is one of the most important tasks in forecasting production performance of a well. When selecting an optimum completion design it is essential to compare different options and perform parametric studies, one of the key completion decisions being the selection of a cased and perforated or barefoot well. In cased and perforated wells, key inflow performance parameters include gun type, perforation penetration depth, shot density, shot phasing, depth of mud invasion and dependence of their effects on reservoir properties. The open literature hosts a plethora of inflow equations for some classic completion practices; however, complex options are not adequately addressed. More importantly, when one compares inflow performance of various completion options or conducts a parametric study of certain parameters, the relative calculation results do not always make sense. In this paper, we describe an operator’s (Shell International Exploration and Production) in-house study to develop a consistent set of inflow performance equations that not only make sense in their own right, but also make good relative sense when comparing different completion options, particularly with regard to cased and perforated wells. Most of the significant open literature has been reviewed and a set of consistent inflow models have been compiled and developed. Many equations have been improved—e.g., perforation skin calculations, mechanical and total skin calculations, rate dependant skin for horizontal completions—and new equations have been derived for options not previously modelled in the literature (e.g., barefoot and perforated completions, double perforated completions, re-perforated completions and complex horizontal completions). All equations have been coded into the Shell Perforation Optimisation Tool (SPOTTM) software package, enabling engineers to easily and accurately predict and compare complex completion options for design decisions. Inflow performance calculation results of various completion scenarios and parametric studies are also presented.

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Design for Reliability: Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Cased and Perforated Completions with Standalone Screen

SPE Drilling & Completion ◽

10.2118/201315-pa ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-27

Author(s):

Morteza Roostaei ◽

Mohammad Soroush ◽

Farshad Mohammadtabar ◽

Mohammad Mohammadtabar ◽

Seyed Abolhassan Hosseini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pressure Drop ◽

Cfd Simulation ◽

Control Method ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Optimized Design ◽

Annular Gap ◽

Sand Control ◽

Wellbore Pressure ◽

Perforated Completions

Summary The historical challenges and high failure rate of using standalone screen in cased and perforated wellbores pushed several operators to consider cased-hole gravel packing or frac packing as the preferred completion. Despite the reliability of these options, they are more expensive than a standalone screen completion. In this paper, we employ a combined physical laboratory testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for laboratory scale and field scale to assess the potential use of the standalone screen in completing the cased and perforated wells. The aim is to design a fit-to-purpose sand control method in cased and perforated wells and provide guidelines in perforation strategy and investigate screen and perforation characteristics. More specifically, the simultaneous effect of screen and perforation parameters, near wellbore conditions on pressure distribution and pressure drop are investigated in detail. A common mistake in completion operation is to separately focus on the design of the screen based on the reservoir sand print and design of the perforation. If sand control is deemed to be required, the perforation strategy and design must go hand in hand with sand control design. Several experiments and simulation models were designed to better understand the effect of perforation density, the fill-up of the annular gap between the casing and screen, perforation collapse, and formation and perforation damage on pressure drop. The experiments consisted of a series of step-rate tests to investigate the role of fluid rate on pressure drop and sand production. There is a critical rate at which the sand filling up the annular gap will fluidize. Both test results and CFD simulation scenarios are comparatively capable to establish the relation between wellbore pressure drop and perforation parameters and determine the optimized design. The results of this study highlight the workflow to optimize the standalone screen design for the application in cased and perforated completions. The proper design of standalone screen and perforation parameters allows maintaining cost-effective well productivity. Results of this work could be used for choosing the proper sand control and perforation strategy.

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Gas-Condensate Flow in Perforated Regions

SPE Journal ◽

10.2118/94072-pa ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (01) ◽

pp. 89-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mahmoud Jamiolahmady ◽

Ali Danesh ◽

Mehran Sohrabi ◽

Rahim Ataei

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Finite Difference ◽

Finite Element Modeling ◽

Relative Permeability ◽

Single Phase ◽

Phase Flow ◽

Single Phase Flow ◽

Fractional Flow ◽

Fluid Properties ◽

Perforated Completions

Summary The most crucial region with regard to affecting well productivity is the perforated region. Considerable effort has been directed to study this subject mathematically by many investigators, but they have been mainly focused on single-phase flow, while two-phase flow has received less attention. It has been demonstrated, first by Danesh et al. (1994) and subsequently by other researchers (Henderson et al. 1995; Blom et al. 1997; Ali et al. 1997), that the gas and condensate relative permeability (kr) can increase significantly by increasing the flow rate, contrary to the common understanding. This effect, known as positive coupling, complicates the flow of gas and condensate near the wellbore even further when it competes with the inertial forces at higher velocities typical of those around perforation tips. The flow of gas and condensate in the perforated region was studied in this work using a finite-element modeling approach. The model allows for changes in fluid properties and accounts for the positive coupling and negative inertial effects using a fractional-flow-based relative-permeability correlation. A sensitivity analysis on the impact of perforation characteristics such as density, phasing, length, and radius as well as that of fluid properties, rock characteristics, wellbore radius, fractional flow, and rate on well productivity was conducted, resulting in some valuable practical guidelines for optimum perforation design. Introduction The effect of perforation characteristics on the well flow efficiency has been studied by many investigators. Muskat presented the first analytical treatment of the problem (1943). In his analysis, perforations were represented by mathematical sinks distributed spirally around the wellbore but did not extend into the formation. Other early investigators used the finite-difference modeling technique to examine the productivity aspects of perforated completions (Harris 1966; Hong 1975). However, because of the limitations of the finite-difference method, these studies considered mostly unrealistic perforation geometries to avoid mathematical complexities. Later investigators applied the finite-element method, which models the geometry of the perforation with greater precision (Locke 1981; Tariq 1987). Tariq (1987) presented results of finite-element modeling of single-phase steady-state flow in perforated completions with and without the non-Darcy (inertial) effect for a linear core and a full 3D system. Although his results for single-phase flow are widely used, there are reports on lack of required accuracy at large perforation lengths and in the non-Darcy cases (Behie and Settari 1993; Jamiolahmady et al. 2006a).

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