scholarly journals An Advanced Shell Theory Based Tire Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bozdog ◽  
W. W. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Shell Theory ◽  
Finite Difference Methods ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Tire Models ◽  
Elastic Substance

Abstract The objective of this paper is to investigate a class of general tire models that provides results suitable for usage in vehicle dynamics. Tire models currently used for vehicle dynamic analyses are overly simplistic (springs, a spring and damper combination or semi-elastic substance) or based on curve fits of experimental data. In contrast, the tire models used by major tire companies are extremely complex with solutions possible only by finite element analysis. Between these two extremes exists the potential for an elasticity based shell theory tire model. Micro-mechanics and composite laminate theories provide an integrated approach to the macroscopic behavior of the tire carcass and the tread support plies. This methodology has the capability of including centrifugal and friction forces. Finite difference methods are applied that produce reliable and accurate solutions of the tire response.

A Modified Dugoff Tire Model for Combined-slip Forces

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenggen Ding ◽  
Saied Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Magic Formula ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Road Friction ◽  
On Line ◽  
Double Lane Change ◽  
Tire Forces ◽  
Tire Models

Abstract Easy-to-use tire models for vehicle dynamics have been persistently studied for such applications as control design and model-based on-line estimation. This paper proposes a modified combined-slip tire model based on Dugoff tire. The proposed model takes emphasis on less time consumption for calculation and uses a minimum set of parameters to express tire forces. Modification of Dugoff tire model is made on two aspects: one is taking different tire/road friction coefficients for different magnitudes of slip and the other is employing the concept of friction ellipse. The proposed model is evaluated by comparison with the LuGre tire model. Although there are some discrepancies between the two models, the proposed combined-slip model is generally acceptable due to its simplicity and easiness to use. Extracting parameters from the coefficients of a Magic Formula tire model based on measured tire data, the proposed model is further evaluated by conducting a double lane change maneuver, and simulation results show that the trajectory using the proposed tire model is closer to that using the Magic Formula tire model than Dugoff tire model.

Active camber system for lateral stability improvement of urban vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (14) ◽  
pp. 3824-3838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Ataei ◽  
Chen Tang ◽  
Amir Khajepour ◽  
Soo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Lateral Stability ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Sideslip Angle ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Tire Force ◽  
Active Front Steering

A suspension system with the capability of cambering has an additional degree of freedom for changing camber angle to increase the maximum lateral tire force. This study investigates the effects of cambering on overall vehicle stability with emphasis on applications to urban vehicles. A full vehicle model with a reliable tire model including camber effects is employed to investigate the vehicle dynamics behavior under cambering. Besides, a linearized vehicle model is used to analytically study the effects of camber lateral forces on vehicle dynamics. Vehicle behavior for different configurations of camber angles in front and rear wheels is studied and compared. Then, an active camber system is suggested for improvement of vehicle lateral stability. Specifically, performances of active front camber, active rear camber, and their combination are investigated. The results show that a proper strategy for camber control can improve both yaw rate and sideslip angle, simultaneously. Finally, the active front camber system is compared with the well-known active front steering. It is shown that, utilizing more friction forces at the limits, active front camber is more effective in improving maneuverability and lateral stability than active front steering.

A Empirical Tire Model of Non-Steady State Cornering Properties Considering Carcass Elasticity

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongping Hou ◽  
Yujin Hu ◽  
Chenggang Li ◽  
Konghui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Yaw Angle ◽  
Tire Models

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present two empirical tire models of non-steady state cornering property with respect to yaw angle input in low frequency region on the basis of existing tire model and considering the elasticity of the carcass. Verified by test, theoretical values meet well with test data. Comparing with existing tire models, the models described in the paper have more advantages, and they also have high precision. They can be applied for vehicle dynamics studies.

Analysis of Tire Models for Rolling on a Deformable Substrate

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shoop ◽  
I. Darnell ◽  
K. Kestler
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Vehicle Mobility ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Tire Models

Abstract The objective of this research is to produce a finite element model of tire-terrain interaction that can be used to explore the effects of tire and terrain variables on vehicle mobility and terrain deformation. Such a model would need to account for the deformable nature of both the tire and the terrain and be fully three-dimensional. Thus, it is important that the tire model be very efficient at rolling yet retain realistic surface contact and deformation related to contact. A promising methodology was developed by Darnell for efficiently modeling a tire for vehicle dynamics simulations. The performance of the Darnell model was examined with respect to measured tire deformation as well as to conventional models of the same tire. The Darnell tire model was then rolled across a soil simulating the sand used in off-road vehicle experiments. The combined tire-terrain model presented is fully operational, but optimization and validation are in progress.

Tread Depth Effects on Tire Rolling Resistance

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Luchini ◽  
M. M. Motil ◽  
W. V. Mars
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Test ◽  
Depth Effects

Abstract This paper discusses the measurement and modeling of tire rolling resistance for a group of radial medium truck tires. The tires were subjected to tread depth modifications by “buffing” the tread surface. The experimental work used the equilibrium test method of SAE J-1269. The finite element analysis (FEA) tire model for tire rolling resistance has been previously presented. The results of the testing showed changes in rolling resistance as a function of tread depth that were inconsistent between tires. Several observations were also inconsistent with published information and common knowledge. Several mechanisms were proposed to explain the results. Additional experiments and models were used to evaluate the mechanisms. Mechanisms that were examined included tire age, surface texture, and tire shape. An explanation based on buffed tread radius, and the resulting changes in footprint stresses, is proposed that explains the observed experimental changes in rolling resistance with tread depth.

A Double Interaction Brush Model for Snow Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-140
Author(s):  
Artem Kusachov ◽  
Fredrik Bruzelius ◽  
Mattias Hjort ◽  
Bengt J. H. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Vehicle Handling ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
Snow Conditions ◽  
Double Interaction ◽  
Tire Models ◽  
Force Characteristics ◽  
Model Approach

ABSTRACT Commonly used tire models for vehicle-handling simulations are derived from the assumption of a flat and solid surface. Snow surfaces are nonsolid and may move under the tire. This results in inaccurate tire models and simulation results that are too far from the true phenomena. This article describes a physically motivated tire model that takes the effect of snow shearing into account. The brush tire model approach is used to describe an additional interaction between the packed snow in tire tread pattern voids with the snow road surface. Fewer parameters and low complexity make it suitable for real-time applications. The presented model is compared with test track tire measurements from a large set of different tires. Results suggest higher accuracy compared with conventional tire models. Moreover, the model is also proven to be capable of correctly predicting the self-aligning torque given the force characteristics.

scholarly journals Striated Tire Yaw Marks—Modeling and Validation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4309
Author(s):  
Wojciech Wach ◽  
Jakub Zębala
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Variable Curvature ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Non Linear Equations

Tire yaw marks deposited on the road surface carry a lot of information of paramount importance for the analysis of vehicle accidents. They can be used: (a) in a macro-scale for establishing the vehicle’s positions and orientation as well as an estimation of the vehicle’s speed at the start of yawing; (b) in a micro-scale for inferring among others things the braking or acceleration status of the wheels from the topology of the striations forming the mark. A mathematical model of how the striations will appear has been developed. The model is universal, i.e., it applies to a tire moving along any trajectory with variable curvature, and it takes into account the forces and torques which are calculated by solving a system of non-linear equations of vehicle dynamics. It was validated in the program developed by the author, in which the vehicle is represented by a 36 degree of freedom multi-body system with the TMeasy tire model. The mark-creating model shows good compliance with experimental data. It gives a deep view of the nature of striated yaw marks’ formation and can be applied in any program for the simulation of vehicle dynamics with any level of simplification.

Some new results and current challenges in the finite element analysis of shells

Acta Numerica ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 215-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Chapelle
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Shell Theory ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Shell Models ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Shell Finite Element ◽  
Mathematical Analyses

This article, a companion to the article by Philippe G. Ciarlet on the mathematical modelling of shells also in this issue of Acta Numerica, focuses on numerical issues raised by the analysis of shells.Finite element procedures are widely used in engineering practice to analyse the behaviour of shell structures. However, the concept of ‘shell finite element’ is still somewhat fuzzy, as it may correspond to very different ideas and techniques in various actual implementations. In particular, a significant distinction can be made between shell elements that are obtained via the discretization of shell models, and shell elements – such as the general shell elements – derived from 3D formulations using some kinematic assumptions, without the use of any shell theory. Our first objective in this paper is to give a unified perspective of these two families of shell elements. This is expected to be very useful as it paves the way for further thorough mathematical analyses of shell elements. A particularly important motivation for this is the understanding and treatment of the deficiencies associated with the analysis of thin shells (among which is the locking phenomenon). We then survey these deficiencies, in the framework of the asymptotic behaviour of shell models. We conclude the article by giving some detailed guidelines to numerically assess the performance of shell finite elements when faced with these pathological phenomena, which is essential for the design of improved procedures.

Construction of a Rational Tire Model for High Fidelity Vehicle Dynamics Simulation Under Extreme Driving and Environmental Conditions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C¸ag˘lar Bas¸lamıs¸lı ◽  
Selim Solmaz
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Prospective Design ◽  
Magic Formula ◽  
Rational Models ◽  
Simulation Results

In this paper, a control oriented rational tire model is developed and incorporated in a two-track vehicle dynamics model for the prospective design of vehicle dynamics controllers. The tire model proposed in this paper is an enhancement over previous rational models which have taken into account only the peaking and saturation behavior disregarding all other force generation characteristics. Simulation results have been conducted to compare the dynamics of a vehicle model equipped with a Magic Formula tire model, a rational tire model available in the literature and the present rational tire model. It has been observed that the proposed tire model results in vehicle responses that closely follow those obtained with the Magic Formula even for extreme driving scenarios conducted on roads with low adhesion coefficient.

A Stochastic Approach to Integrated Vehicle Reliability Prediction

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Madsen ◽  
Dan Ghiocel ◽  
David Gorsich ◽  
David Lamb ◽  
Dan Negrut
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Reliability Prediction ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Us Army ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Prediction Approach

This paper addresses some aspects of an on-going multiyear research project of GP Technologies in collaboration with University of Wisconsin-Madison for US Army TARDEC. The focus of this research project is to enhance the overall vehicle reliability prediction process. A combination of stochastic models for both the vehicle and operational environment are utilized to determine the range of the system dynamic response. These dynamic results are used as inputs into a finite element analysis of stresses on subsystem components. Finally, resulting stresses are used for damage modeling and life and reliability predictions. This paper describes few selected aspects of the new integrated ground vehicle reliability prediction approach. The integrated approach combines the computational stochastic mechanics predictions with available statistical experimental databases for assessing vehicle system reliability. Such an integrated reliability prediction approach represents an essential part of an intelligent virtual prototyping environment for ground vehicle design and testing.

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