A Note on a New Tire Cord Adhesion Test

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Nicholson ◽  
D. I. Livingston ◽  
G. S. Fielding-Russell ◽  
A. N. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Test Piece ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Tire Cord ◽  
Adhesive Failure ◽  
Adhesion Test

Abstract A new tire cord adhesion test is described. The test piece contains two opposite, symmetrically embedded cord ends that are pulled during testing. Failure is initiated at the cord ends and propagates as an adhesive failure until one cord becomes detached. Representative experimental results are given.

A New Tire Cord Adhesion Test

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Nicholson ◽  
D. I. Livingston ◽  
G. S. Fielding-Russell
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Rubber Hose ◽  
Tire Cord ◽  
Cohesive Failure ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Pull Through

Abstract A new tire cord adhesion test is reported. Although developed primarily for measuring adhesion of rubber to tire cord, the test is applicable to any cord- or wire-reinforced composite, for example, rubber hose or belting. The specimen is a rubber bar of square cross section containing two partially embedded cord ends opposite each other. Upon the application of sufficient tensile force to the cords, failure is initiated at the tip of the embedded end and proceeds along the cord to the exterior, resulting in pull-out of one of the ends. This result contrasts with the initiation of failure in a specimen of the pull-through type containing a throughgoing cord. In the latter specimen, failure initiates where the cord emerges from the rubber and runs back into the interior. Failure is adhesive when pull-out occurs. Under special conditions cohesive failure (tear) occurs and the specimen is cleaved transversely. Reproducibility is excellent and the test has high discriminating power. A theoretical equation permits calculation of the energy of adhesion.

Factors Affecting Cord-to-Rubber Adhesion by a Tire Cord Adhesion Test

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 950-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Fielding-Russell ◽  
D. I. Livingston ◽  
D. W. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Peel Test ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Tire Cord ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Cross Sectional Dimension

Abstract The physical factors affecting the force required to pull a cord from the cord-rubber specimen used in a new tire cord adhesion test (TCAT) were investigated using a variety of rubber compounds, specimen cross-sectional areas, and tire cords. Below a limiting cross-sectional dimension, the cord pull-out force was proportional to the square root of cord perimeter, specimen cross-sectional area, and Young's modulus of the rubber, as anticipated from theoretical considerations. The constant of proportionality involved the square root of the energy of adhesion. The value of the energy of adhesion calculated from the proportionality constant was confirmed by an independent peel test.

Measuring the Permeability of Rubber to Various Gases

1940 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Carpenter ◽  
D. F. Twiss
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Test Piece ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Accurate Temperature ◽  
Accurate Temperature Control ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract The rate at which a gas passes through a sheet of rubber-like material and the rate at which a gas is absorbed by a block of the material both depend on the same factors, solubility and diffusion constant. The magnitude of these factors can be measured by absorption experiments carried out under specified conditions and the results can be used to assess the permeability of the material in sheet form. Experimental methods and suitable apparatus are described for following absorption and the manner of interpreting the results in terms of permeability is given. Besides such advantages as accurate temperature control, convenient size and ease of handling of the apparatus, the small size of the test-piece, and the elimination of the difficulty of producing uniform thin sheets free from pinholes, the method has the advantage that both factors, solubility and diffusion constant, can be assessed independently; this is not normally possible with direct permeation measurements. Some experimental results are tabulated.

Study on the Permeability Model of the Porous Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 1369-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Ran Zhao ◽  
Mian Mian Chen ◽  
Zhao Lu Ding
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Test Piece ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Effective Model ◽  
Permeability Model ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Capillary Bundle ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents an effective model which can equivalently regard the pores in the porous concrete as a series of capillary bundles with the same diameter due to the complexity of the pores in the porous concrete. The proposed model was used to calculated the total flows of all capillary bundles in the test piece by the single capillary bundle calculation approach from the Hagen-Poiseuille theorem, and together with the well known Darcy theorem to determine the relationship among the flow of the porous concrete, the diameter of pore and the minus of up and down water pressures. The experimental results show that the permeability of the porous concrete mainly depends on the pores with diameter more than 4.12mm, and the pore structure changes obviously when the valid porosity of the porous concrete is greater than 25%.

Physical Factors in Cord-to-Rubber Adhesion by a New Tire Cord Adhesion Test

2009 ◽  
pp. 153-153-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
GS Fielding-Russell ◽  
DW Nicholson ◽  
DI Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Physical Factors ◽  
Tire Cord ◽  
Adhesion Test

A Steel Tire Cord Oscillatory Shear Dynamic Adhesion Test

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Vorachek ◽  
A.G. Causa ◽  
R.A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Oscillatory Shear ◽  
Tire Cord ◽  
Adhesion Test

Diagnostics of Gold Laser Plasmas

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
J.C. Gauthier ◽  
J.P. Geindre ◽  
P. Monier ◽  
C. Chenais-Popovics ◽  
N. Tragin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Pure Gold ◽  
Electronic Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laser Plasmas ◽  
Collisional Radiative Model ◽  
Radiative Model

AbstractIn order to achieve a nickel-like X ray laser scheme we need a tool to determine the parameters which characterise the high-Z plasma. The aim of this work is to study gold laser plasmas and to compare experimental results to a collisional-radiative model which describes nickel-like ions. The electronic temperature and density are measured by the emission of an aluminium tracer. They are compared to the predictions of the nickel-like model for pure gold. The results show that the density and temperature can be estimated in a pure gold plasma.

Observation of Phase Contrast Images in STEM and CTEM Modes by Using 100 kV Field Emission Electron Gun

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 390-391
Author(s):  
Y. Harada ◽  
T. Goto ◽  
H. Koike ◽  
T. Someya
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Image Formation ◽  
Fresnel Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Emission Electron ◽  
Lattice Images

Since phase contrasts of STEM images, that is, Fresnel diffraction fringes or lattice images, manifest themselves in field emission scanning microscopy, the mechanism for image formation in the STEM mode has been investigated and compared with that in CTEM mode, resulting in the theory of reciprocity. It reveals that contrast in STEM images exhibits the same properties as contrast in CTEM images. However, it appears that the validity of the reciprocity theory, especially on the details of phase contrast, has not yet been fully proven by the experiments. In this work, we shall investigate the phase contrast images obtained in both the STEM and CTEM modes of a field emission microscope (100kV), and evaluate the validity of the reciprocity theory by comparing the experimental results.

A new dissociation mode for dislocations in silicon

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
A. Ourmazd ◽  
G.R. Booker ◽  
C.J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Dislocation Network ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Phosphorus Doped

A (111) phosphorus-doped Si specimen, thinned to give a TEM foil of thickness ∼ 150nm, contained a dislocation network lying on the (111) plane. The dislocation lines were along the three <211> directions and their total Burgers vectors,ḇt, were of the type , each dislocation being of edge character. TEM examination under proper weak-beam conditions seemed initially to show the standard contrast behaviour for such dislocations, indicating some dislocation segments were undissociated (contrast A), while other segments were dissociated to give two Shockley partials separated by approximately 6nm (contrast B) . A more detailed examination, however, revealed that some segments exhibited a third and anomalous contrast behaviour (contrast C), interpreted here as being due to a new dissociation not previously reported. Experimental results obtained for a dislocation along [211] with for the six <220> type reflections using (g,5g) weak-beam conditions are summarised in the table below, together with the relevant values.

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