scholarly journals Combined GLP-1, Oxyntomodulin, and Peptide YY Improves Body Weight and Glycemia in Obesity and Prediabetes/Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study

Diabetes Care ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1446-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeshila Behary ◽  
George Tharakan ◽  
Kleopatra Alexiadou ◽  
Nicholas Johnson ◽  
Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Controlled Study

scholarly journals Meal-Induced Hormone Responses in a Rat Model of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 1588-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Shin ◽  
Huiyuan Zheng ◽  
R. Leigh Townsend ◽  
David L. Sigalet ◽  
Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Sprague Dawley

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and remission of associated type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a rat model for RYGB surgery that allows repeated measurement of meal-induced changes in gut and pancreatic hormones via chronic venous catheters. Male Sprague Dawley rats made obese on a palatable high-fat diet were subjected to RYGB or sham surgery and compared with chow-fed, lean controls. Hormonal responses to a mixed-liquid test meal were examined by frequent blood sampling through chronically implanted jugular catheters in freely behaving rats, 3–4 months after surgery, when RYGB rats had significantly reduced body weight and fat mass compared with sham-operated rats. Hyperleptinemia, basal hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia as well as postprandial glucose intolerance seen in sham-operated, obese rats were completely reversed by RYGB and no longer different from lean controls. Postprandial increases in glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, and amylin as well as suppression of ghrelin levels were all significantly augmented in RYGB rats compared with both sham-operated obese and lean control rats. Thus, our rat model replicates most of the salient hormonal and glycemic changes reported in obese patients after RYGB, with the addition of amylin to the list of potential candidate hormones involved in hypophagia, weight loss, and remission of diabetes. The model will be useful for elucidating the specific peripheral and central mechanisms involved in the suppression of appetite, loss of body weight, and remission of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effect of diabetes-specific nutrition formulas on satiety and hunger hormones in patients with type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adham Mottalib ◽  
Martin J. Abrahamson ◽  
David M. Pober ◽  
Rani Polak ◽  
Ahmed H. Eldib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Reduce Body Weight

Abstract Objectives Diabetes-specific nutritional formulas (DSNFs) are frequently used by patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as part of nutrition therapy to improve glycemic control and reduce body weight. However, their effects on hunger and satiety hormones when compared to an isocaloric standardized breakfast are not fully understood. This study aims to evaluate the postprandial effects of two DSNFs—Glucerna (GL) and Ultra Glucose Control (UGC)—versus oatmeal on selected satiety and hunger hormones. Method After an overnight fast, 22 patients with T2D (mean age 62.3 ± 6.8 years, A1C 6.8 ± 0.7%, body weight 97.4 ± 21.3 kg, and BMI 33.2 ± 5.9 kg/m²) were given 200 kcal of each meal on three separate days. Blood samples for amylin, cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, glucagon, leptin, and peptide-YY (PYY) were collected at baseline and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after the start of each meal. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC0-240) for each hormone was calculated. Results iAUC0-240 for glucagon and PYY were significantly higher after GL and UGC than after oatmeal (p < 0.001 for both). No difference was observed between the three meals on postprandial amylin, CCK, ghrelin, and leptin hormones. Conclusions Intake of DSNFs significantly increases secretion of PYY and glucagon, two important satiety hormones. While subjective satiety was not directly evaluated, the increased effect on satiety hormones may partially explain the mechanism of body weight loss associated with DSNF use.

scholarly journals The Effect of Exenatide Once Weekly on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: An 18-Month Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Koska ◽  
Raymond Q. Migrino ◽  
Keith C. Chan ◽  
Kelly Cooper-Cox ◽  
Peter D Reaven
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Pragmatic Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Plaque Volume

<b>Objective:</b> GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) improved multiple proatherogenic risk factors and reduced cardiovascular events in recent clinical trials, suggesting that they may slow progression of atherosclerosis. We tested whether exenatide once weekly reduces carotid plaque progression in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. <p><b>Research Design and Methods:</b> In a double-blind, pragmatic trial, 163 participants were randomized (2:1) to exenatide (n=109) or placebo (n=54). Changes in carotid plaque volume and composition were measured at 9 and 18 months by multi-contrast 3T-MRI. Fasting and post high-fat meal plasma glucose and lipids, and endothelial function responses were measured at 3, 9 and 18 months. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> Exenatide reduced hemoglobin A1c (estimated difference vs. placebo 0.55%, p=0.0007), and fasting and post-meal plasma glucose (19 mg/dl, p=0.0002 and 25 mg/dl, p<0.0001). Change in plaque volume in the exenatide group (mean 0.3% ± SD 12%) was not different from the placebo group (-2.2 ± 8%) (p=0.4). The change in plaque volume in the exenatide group was associated with changes in hemoglobin A1c (r=0.38, p=0.0004), body weight and overall plasma glucose (r=0.29, p=0.007 both). There were no differences in changes in plaque composition, body weight, blood pressure, fasting and post-meal plasma triglycerides and endothelial function between the groups. </p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Exenatide once weekly for up to 18 months improved fasting and postprandial glycemic control but did not modify change in carotid plaque volume or composition. This study raises the possibility that short term anti-atherosclerotic effects may not play a central role in the cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1RAs.</p>

57-OR: Combined GLP-1, Oxyntomodulin, and Peptide YY Improves Glycaemia and Body Weight in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Single-Blinded Study

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 57-OR
Author(s):  
PREESHILA BEHARY ◽  
GEORGE THARAKAN ◽  
KLEOPATRA ALEXIADOU ◽  
NICHOLAS A. JOHNSON ◽  
NICOLAI JACOB WEWER ALBRECHTSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Blinded Study

scholarly journals The Effect of Exenatide Once Weekly on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: An 18-Month Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Koska ◽  
Raymond Q. Migrino ◽  
Keith C. Chan ◽  
Kelly Cooper-Cox ◽  
Peter D Reaven
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Pragmatic Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Plaque Volume

<b>Objective:</b> GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) improved multiple proatherogenic risk factors and reduced cardiovascular events in recent clinical trials, suggesting that they may slow progression of atherosclerosis. We tested whether exenatide once weekly reduces carotid plaque progression in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. <p><b>Research Design and Methods:</b> In a double-blind, pragmatic trial, 163 participants were randomized (2:1) to exenatide (n=109) or placebo (n=54). Changes in carotid plaque volume and composition were measured at 9 and 18 months by multi-contrast 3T-MRI. Fasting and post high-fat meal plasma glucose and lipids, and endothelial function responses were measured at 3, 9 and 18 months. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> Exenatide reduced hemoglobin A1c (estimated difference vs. placebo 0.55%, p=0.0007), and fasting and post-meal plasma glucose (19 mg/dl, p=0.0002 and 25 mg/dl, p<0.0001). Change in plaque volume in the exenatide group (mean 0.3% ± SD 12%) was not different from the placebo group (-2.2 ± 8%) (p=0.4). The change in plaque volume in the exenatide group was associated with changes in hemoglobin A1c (r=0.38, p=0.0004), body weight and overall plasma glucose (r=0.29, p=0.007 both). There were no differences in changes in plaque composition, body weight, blood pressure, fasting and post-meal plasma triglycerides and endothelial function between the groups. </p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Exenatide once weekly for up to 18 months improved fasting and postprandial glycemic control but did not modify change in carotid plaque volume or composition. This study raises the possibility that short term anti-atherosclerotic effects may not play a central role in the cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1RAs.</p>

How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

The epidemic of both obesity and type 2 diabetes is due to environmental factors, but the individuals developing the conditions possess a strong genetic predisposition. Observational surveys and intervention studies have shown that excess body fatness is the major environmental cause of type 2 diabetes, and that even a minor weight loss can prevent its development in high-risk subjects. Maintenance of a healthy body weight in susceptible individuals requires 45–60 minutes physical activity daily, a fat-reduced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain, and lean meat and dairy products, and moderate consumption of calorie containing beverages. The use of table values to predict the glycemic index of meals is of little – if any – value, and the role of a low-glycemic index diet for body weight control is controversial. The replacement of starchy carbohydrates with protein from lean meat and lean dairy products enhances satiety, and facilitate weight control. It is possible that dairy calcium also promotes weight loss, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. A weight loss of 5–10% can be induced in almost all obese patients providing treatment is offered by a professional team consisting of a physician and dieticians or nurses trained to focus on weight loss and maintenance. Whereas increasing daily physical activity and regular exercise does not significantly effect the rate of weight loss in the induction phase, it plays an important role in the weight maintenance phase due to an impact on daily energy expenditure and also to a direct enhancement of insulin sensitivity.

Clinical Experience with Insulin Detemir: Results from the Bangladesh Cohort of Global A1chieve Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Ahmed Latif ◽  
Md. Faruque Pathan ◽  
Md. Nazrul Islam Siddiqui ◽  
MA Mannan ◽  
SM Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Insulin Detemir ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Baseline Visit ◽  
Effective Option

Objective: To present results from the Bangladesh cohort of the A1chieve study receiving insulin detemir (Levemir) ± oral anti diabetic drugs. Methods: Out of 1093 patients recruited from 49 sites in Bangladesh, 370 were initiated on insulin detemir (Levemir).Study visits were defined as baseline, interim (around 12 weeks from baseline) and final (around 24 weeks from baseline) visit. Results: Glycaemic control was poor in all the groups at baseline. In the entire cohort at 24 weeks, significant reductions from baseline were observed in mean HbA1c (from 10.0 % to 7.2%, p<0.001), FPG (from 10.5 to 6.7 mmol/L, p<0.001) and PPPG (from 15.3 to 8.9 mmol/L, p<0.001) levels. Overall 45.5% of the participants achieved target HbA1c level of < 7% after 24 weeks. The rate of all hypoglycaemic events in the entire cohort reduced from 1.34 (baseline) to 0.12 events/person year after 24 weeks of insulin detemir therapy (p<0.0001). There was no clinically relevant change in body weight in insulin naïve or prior insulin users groups after 24 weeks of insulin detemir therapy. Conclusions: The current study suggests that insulin detemir may be considered as a safe and effective option for initiating insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh. Birdem Med J 2013; 3(1): 11-18 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i1.17121

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