5-LB: Consuming High-Fructose Corn Syrup or Sucrose-Sweetened Beverages Increases Hepatic Lipid Content and Decreases Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5-LB
Author(s):  
DESIREE SIGALA ◽  
BETTINA HIERONIMUS ◽  
CANDICE PRICE ◽  
VIVIEN LEE ◽  
MARINELLE NUNEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Content

Comment on “Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women”

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 373 (6554) ◽  
pp. eabj1696
Author(s):  
Charles Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Content

Yoshino et al. (Reports, 11 June 2021, p. 1224) have reported that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. However, the 13 women who received NMN had hepatic lipid content of 6.3 ± 1.2%, whereas the 12 in the placebo group had 14.8 ± 2.0% (P = 0.003). Given that a target of NMN is liver fat clearance, this was not an effectively randomized trial.

scholarly journals Twenty-four-hour endocrine and metabolic profiles following consumption of high-fructose corn syrup-, sucrose-, fructose-, and glucose-sweetened beverages with meals

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1194-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimber L Stanhope ◽  
Steven C Griffen ◽  
Brandi R Bair ◽  
Michael M Swarbrick ◽  
Nancy L Keim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
High Fructose

scholarly journals Role of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene for hepatic lipid content and insulin resistance in diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana P. Zaharia ◽  
Klaus Strassburger ◽  
Birgit Knebel ◽  
Yuliya Kupriyanova ◽  
Yanislava Karusheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Glucose Tolerant ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Content

<a><b>Objective</b></a>: The rs738409(G) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (<i>PNPLA3</i>) gene associates with increased risk and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As the recently-described severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD) cluster specifically relates to NAFLD, this study examined whether this SNP differently associates with hepatic lipid content (HCL) and insulin sensitivity in recent-onset diabetes mellitus. <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b>: A total of 917 participants of the German Diabetes Study underwent genotyping, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with stable isotopic tracer dilution and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> The G allele associated positively with HCL (β=0.36, p<0.01), independent of age, sex and BMI across the whole cohort, but not in the individual clusters. SIRD exhibited lowest whole-body insulin sensitivity compared to severe insulin-deficient (SIDD), moderate obesity-related (MOD), moderate age-related (MARD) and severe autoimmune diabetes clusters (SAID; all p<0.001). Interestingly, SIRD presented with higher prevalence of the rs738409(G) SNP compared to other clusters and the glucose-tolerant control group (p<0.05). HCL was higher in SIRD [13.6 (5.8;19.1)%] compared to MOD [6.4 (2.1;12.4)%, p<0.05], MARD [3.0 (1.0;7.9)%, p<0.001], SAID [0.4 (0.0;1.5)%, p<0.001] and the glucose tolerant group [0.9 (0.4;4.9)%, p<0.001]. Although the <i>PNPLA3</i> polymorphism did not directly associate with whole-body insulin sensitivity in SIRD, the G allele carriers had higher circulating free fatty acid concentrations and greater adipose-tissue insulin resistance compared to non-carriers (both p<0.001).</p> <b>Conclusions:</b> Members of the severe insulin resistant diabetes cluster are more frequently carriers of the rs738409(G) variant. The SNP-associated adipose-tissue insulin resistance and excessive lipolysis may contribute to their NAFLD.

Perceived Healthiness of Sweeteners among Young Adults in Canada

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Samantha Goodman ◽  
Lana Vanderlee ◽  
Amanda Jones ◽  
Christine White ◽  
David Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Raw Sugar ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

Purpose: To compare the perceived healthiness of different sweeteners relative to table sugar and examine efforts to consume less sugars and sweeteners. Methods: As part of the 2017 Canada Food Study online survey, 1000 youth and young adults were randomized to rate the healthiness of 1 of 6 sweeteners (aspartame, sucralose, stevia, agave, high-fructose corn syrup, “raw” sugar) or 1 sweetener brand name (Splenda) compared with “table sugar”. Results: Perceptions of sweeteners varied widely. For example, the majority of respondents perceived high-fructose corn syrup (63.9%) and aspartame (52.4%) as less healthy than table sugar, whereas almost half (47.8%) perceived raw sugar as being healthier than table sugar. No assessed socio-demographic variables were significantly associated with perceived healthiness of sweeteners compared with table sugar (P ≥ 0.05). More consumers had attempted to consume less sugar (65.4%) compared with less “artificial” (31.2%) or “natural” (24.0%) low-calorie sweeteners. Conclusions: Perceptions of sweetener healthiness may be related to sweeteners’ perceived level of “naturalness” rather than energy content. This has important implications for understanding consumer preferences, particularly given greater use of low-calorie sweeteners in the food supply and policy developments such as sugar taxes and enhanced sugar labelling.

scholarly journals Consuming Sucrose- or HFCS-Sweetened Beverages Increases Hepatic Lipid and Decreases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree M Sigala ◽  
Bettina Hieronimus ◽  
Valentina Medici ◽  
Vivien Lee ◽  
Marinelle V Nunez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Context Studies in rodents and humans suggest that high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened diets promote greater metabolic dysfunction than sucrose-sweetened diets. Objective To compare the effects of consuming sucrose-sweetened beverage (-SB), HFCS-SB, or a control beverage sweetened with aspartame on metabolic outcomes in humans. Design A parallel, double-blinded, NIH-funded study. Setting Experimental procedures were conducted during 3.5 days of inpatient residence with controlled feeding at a research clinic before (baseline) and after a 12-day outpatient intervention period. Participants 75 adults (18-40 years) were assigned to beverage groups matched for sex, BMI (18-35kg/m 2), fasting triglyceride, lipoprotein and insulin concentrations. Intervention 3 servings/day of sucrose- or HFCS-SB providing 25% of energy requirement or aspartame-SB, consumed for 16 days. Main Outcome Measures %Hepatic lipid, Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and Predicted M ISI. Results Sucrose-SB increased %hepatic lipid (absolute change: 0.6±0.2%) compared with aspartame-SB (-0.2±0.2%, P&lt;0.05) and compared with baseline (P&lt;0.001). HFCS-SB increased %hepatic lipid compared with baseline (0.4±0.2%, P&lt;0.05). Compared with aspartame-SB, Matsuda ISI decreased after consumption of HFCS- (P&lt;0.01) and sucrose-SB (P&lt;0.01), and Predicted M ISI decreased after consumption of HFCS-SB (P&lt;0.05). Sucrose- and HFCS-SB increased plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, and uric acid compared with aspartame-SB. No outcomes were differentially affected by sucrose- compared with HFCS-SB. Beverage group effects remained significant when analyses were adjusted for changes in body weight. Conclusions Consumption of both sucrose- and HFCS-SB induced detrimental changes in hepatic lipid, insulin sensitivity, and circulating lipids, lipoproteins and uric acid in 2 weeks.

scholarly journals Consumption of Fructose and High Fructose Corn Syrup Increase Postprandial Triglycerides, LDL-Cholesterol, and Apolipoprotein-B in Young Men and Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. E1596-E1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimber L. Stanhope ◽  
Andrew A. Bremer ◽  
Valentina Medici ◽  
Katsuyuki Nakajima ◽  
Yasuki Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Complex Carbohydrate ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
High Fructose

Abstract Context: The American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommends women and men consume no more than 100 and 150 kcal of added sugar per day, respectively, whereas the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, suggests a maximal added sugar intake of 25% or less of total energy. Objective: To address this discrepancy, we compared the effects of consuming glucose, fructose, or high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) at 25% of energy requirements (E) on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Participants, Design and Setting, and Intervention: Forty-eight adults (aged 18–40 yr; body mass index 18–35 kg/m2) resided at the Clinical Research Center for 3.5 d of baseline testing while consuming energy-balanced diets containing 55% E complex carbohydrate. For 12 outpatient days, they consumed usual ad libitum diets along with three servings per day of glucose, fructose, or HFCS-sweetened beverages (n = 16/group), which provided 25% E requirements. Subjects then consumed energy-balanced diets containing 25% E sugar-sweetened beverages/30% E complex carbohydrate during 3.5 d of inpatient intervention testing. Main Outcome Measures: Twenty-four-hour triglyceride area under the curve, fasting plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentrations were measured. Results: Twenty-four-hour triglyceride area under the curve was increased compared with baseline during consumption of fructose (+4.7 ± 1.2 mmol/liter × 24 h, P = 0.0032) and HFCS (+1.8 ± 1.4 mmol/liter × 24 h, P = 0.035) but not glucose (−1.9 ± 0.9 mmol/liter × 24 h, P = 0.14). Fasting LDL and apoB concentrations were increased during consumption of fructose (LDL: +0.29 ± 0.082 mmol/liter, P = 0.0023; apoB: +0.093 ± 0.022 g/liter, P = 0.0005) and HFCS (LDL: +0.42 ± 0.11 mmol/liter, P &lt; 0.0001; apoB: +0.12 ± 0.031 g/liter, P &lt; 0.0001) but not glucose (LDL: +0.012 ± 0.071 mmol/liter, P = 0.86; apoB: +0.0097 ± 0.019 g/liter, P = 0.90). Conclusions: Consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages for 2 wk at 25% E increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease comparably with fructose and more than glucose in young adults.

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