scholarly journals Interaction Between Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Strategies and Genetic Determinants of Coronary Artery Disease on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Jordi Merino ◽  
Kathleen A. Jablonski ◽  
Josep M. Mercader ◽  
Steven E. Kahn ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Artery Disease

scholarly journals Genetic determinants of increased body mass index mediate the effect of smoking on increased risk for type 2 diabetes but not coronary artery disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (19) ◽  
pp. 3327-3337
Author(s):  
Christopher S Thom ◽  
Zhuoran Ding ◽  
Michael G Levin ◽  
Scott M Damrauer ◽  
Kyung Min Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Cad Risk

Abstract Clinical observations have linked tobacco smoking with increased type 2 diabetes risk. Mendelian randomization analysis has recently suggested smoking may be a causal risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, this association could be mediated by additional risk factors correlated with smoking behavior, which have not been investigated. We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) could help to explain the association between smoking and diabetes risk. First, we confirmed that genetic determinants of smoking initiation increased risk for type 2 diabetes (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15–1.27, P = 1 × 10−12) and coronary artery disease (CAD; OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.16–1.26, P = 2 × 10−20). Additionally, 2-fold increased smoking risk was positively associated with increased BMI (~0.8 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.54–0.98 kg/m2, P = 1.8 × 10−11). Multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses showed that BMI accounted for nearly all the risk smoking exerted on type 2 diabetes (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.11, P = 0.03). In contrast, the independent effect of smoking on increased CAD risk persisted (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08–1.17, P = 3 × 10−8). Causal mediation analyses agreed with these estimates. Furthermore, analysis using individual-level data from the Million Veteran Program independently replicated the association of smoking behavior with CAD (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.12–1.37, P = 2 × 10−5), but not type 2 diabetes (OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.89–1.08, P = 0.69), after controlling for BMI. Our findings support a model whereby genetic determinants of smoking increase type 2 diabetes risk indirectly through their relationship with obesity. Smokers should be advised to stop smoking to limit type 2 diabetes and CAD risk. Therapeutic efforts should consider pathophysiology relating smoking and obesity.

scholarly journals Silent coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes: a narrative review on epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saula Vigili de Kreutzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Silent Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Silent coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the manifestations of heart disease that particularly affects subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From a clinical point of view, silent CAD represents a constant challenge for the diabetologist, who has to decide whether a patient could or could not be screened for this disease. In the present narrative review, several aspects of silent CAD are considered: the epidemiology of the disease, the associated risk factors, and main studies conducted, in the last 20 years, especially aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of the screening of silent CAD, to improve cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiometabolic Risk Profile in People with Coronary Artery Disease with or without Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi ◽  
Negin Soroush ◽  
Reza Tabrizi ◽  
Mojtaba Shabani-Borujeni ◽  
Shahla Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Whether liraglutide use improves cardiometabolic risk factors in different subsets of subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we quantified the effects of liraglutide on cardiometabolic risk profile in subjects with CAD with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).Methods: Online database searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar from incept up to 15th January 2021. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of liraglutide compared to placebo on cardiometabolic risk profile. We used the random- or fixed-effect models to pool the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Out of a total of 7,320 citations, six articles (seven RCTs) with 294 subjects with CAD (mean age, 61.21 years; 19% women) were included. Our findings presented as WMD and 95% CI showed a statistical significant decrease in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) [−0.36%; −0.47; −0.26, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0% (with 6 RCTs)], body mass index (BMI) [−0.61 kg/m2; −1.21; −0.01, p = 0.047; I2 = 72.2% (with five RCTs)], and waist circumference [−2.41 cm; −3.47; −1.36, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0% (with three RCTs)]. Through a set of subgroup analyses, we found a significant reduction in BMI in CAD patients with T2D [WMD = −1.06; 95% CI, −1.42, −0.70, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0% (with three RCTs)] compared to CAD only patients [WMD = −0.08; 95% CI, −0.45, 0.29, p = 0.66; I2 = 0.0% (with two RCTs)] in the liraglutide group compared with the placebo group. No significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and lipid profiles were observed.Conclusions: Among people with established CAD, liraglutide significantly improved HbA1c, BMI, and waist circumference values. The effect of liraglutide on BMI was more robust in individuals with T2D compared to those without.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of screening for coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes and additional atherogenic risk factors

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1181-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuaki Hayashino ◽  
Sizuko Nagata-Kobayashi ◽  
Takeshi Morimoto ◽  
Kenji Maeda ◽  
Takuro Shimbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Artery Disease
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