Treatment of Hyperglycemia with Empagliflozin, With or Without Metformin, Improves Islet Endothelial Cell Health and Insulin Secretion in db/db Diabetic Mice

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1815-P
Author(s):  
MEGHAN F. HOGAN ◽  
DARYL J. HACKNEY ◽  
ALFRED APLIN ◽  
THOMAS O. MUNDINGER ◽  
SAKENEH ZRAIKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Diabetic Mice

Islet protective and insulin secretion property of Murraya koenigii and Ocimum tenuflorum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menakshi Bhat Dusane ◽  
Bimba N. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The present study investigates the antidiabetogenic effects of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spr. and Ocimum tenuflorum  L. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic Swiss mice. Treatment with extracts of M. koenigii (chloroform; MKC) and O. tenuflorum (aqueous; OTA) resulted in proper glucose utilization with an increase in liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity, and normal glycogenesis in hepatic and muscle tissues. Pancreatic and intestinal glucosidase inhibitory activity observed with MKC and OTA treatment indicated beneficial effects in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia with concomitant improvement in glucose metabolism. The glucosidase inhibition was prolonged, even after discontinuation of MKC and OTA treatment. Normalization of plasma insulin and C-peptide levels was observed in diabetic mice, indicating endogenous insulin secretion after treatment. The histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic islets suggests the role of MKC and OTA in pancreatic β-cell protection and the functional pancreatic islets that produce insulin. The study demonstrates the significance of MKC and OTA in glucosidase inhibition and islet protection in the murine diabetic model. These findings suggest the potential of the extracts in adjuvant therapy for the treatment of diabetes and the possible development of potential neutraceuticals.

scholarly journals A Phenolic Fraction from Catharanthus roseus L. Stems Decreases Glycemia and Stimulates Insulin Secretion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Alejandra Espejel-Nava ◽  
Elisa Vega-Avila ◽  
Francisco Alarcon-Aguilar ◽  
Alejandra Contreras-Ramos ◽  
Guadalupe Díaz-Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Rinm5f Cells ◽  
Phenolic Fraction

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. (C. roseus) is a medicinal plant used traditionally for diabetes mellitus control. Several compounds of an alkaloidal nature have been proposed as hypoglycemic principles. However, little attention has been paid to other compounds in this plant that could also participate in this hypoglycemic activity. This study aimed to analyze the hypoglycemic effect of a polyphenolic fraction from C. roseus, as well as its action on insulin secretion and expression in RINm5F cells. Methods. An alkaloid-free aqueous extract was obtained from C. roseus stems. The hypoglycemic effect of different doses of this extract was evaluated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. This extract was fractionated by bipartition, and the resultant fractions were assessed by their hypoglycemic effects. Subsequently, the fraction with the greater hypoglycemic activity was added to the RINm5F cells, and the expression and secretion of insulin were analyzed. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method and through chromatographic analysis of the most active fraction by HPLC, using an Econosphere C18 column. Results. The aqueous alkaloid-free extract of C. roseus stems significantly reduced blood glucose in normal and diabetic mice. The fractionation of this extract provided three fractions, one of which (a precipitate) showed significant reductions in glycemia at 6 h (48.1 and 64.5% in normal and diabetic mice, respectively). This precipitate contained phenolic compounds and saponins. Its chromatographic analysis showed that it is formed by several phenolic compounds; gallic acid (0.053%) and chlorogenic acid (0.216%) were identified and quantified. Conclusion. The phenolic fraction of C. roseus containing gallic acid and chlorogenic acid had a hypoglycemic effect that may be explained by an increase in insulin secretion.

Endothelial cell-derived triosephosphate isomerase attenuates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells of male rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bareket Daniel ◽  
Ariela Livne ◽  
Guy Cohen ◽  
Shirin Kahremany ◽  
Shlomo Sasson
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sulfonylurea Receptor

Abstract Insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells is tightly regulated by glucose and paracrine signals within the microenvironment of islets of Langerhans. Extracellular matrix from islet microcapillary endothelial cells (IMEC) affect beta-cell spreading and amplify insulin secretion. This study was aimed at investigating the hypothesis contact-independent paracrine signals generated from IMEC may also modulate beta-cell insulin secretory functions. For this purpose, conditioned medium (CMp) preparations were prepared from primary cultures of rat IMEC and were used to simulate contact-independent beta cell-endothelial cell communication. GSIS assays were then performed on freshly isolated rat islets and the INS-1E insulinoma cell line, followed by fractionation of the CMp, mass-spectroscopic identification of the factor, and mechanism of action characterization. The IMEC-derived CMp markedly attenuated first- and second-phase GSIS in a time- and dose-dependent manner without altering cellular insulin content and cell viability. Size-exclusion fractionation, chromatographic and mass-spectroscopic analyses of the CMp identified the attenuating factor as the enzyme Triosephosphate Isomerase (TPI). An antibody against TPI abrogated the attenuating activity of the CMp while recombinant human TPI (hTPI) attenuated GSIS from beta cells. This effect was reversed in the presence of tolbutamide in the GSIS assay. In silico docking simulation identified regions on TPI dimer that were important for potential interactions with the extracellular epitopes of the sulfonylurea receptor in the complex. This study supports the hypothesis that an effective paracrine interaction exists between IMEC and beta cells and modulates glucose-induced insulin secretion via TPI- sulfonylurea receptor- KATP channel (SUR1-Kir6.2) complex attenuating interactions.

Reduced insulin secretion function is associated with pancreatic islet redistribution of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in diabetic mice after prolonged high-fat diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Tannuri F. L. Falcão ◽  
Daniela A. Maschio ◽  
Camila Calvo de Fontes ◽  
Ricardo B. Oliveira ◽  
Junia C. Santos-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Ecklonia cavaInhibits Glucose Absorption and Stimulates Insulin Secretion in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1

Aims of study. Present study investigated the effect ofEcklonia cava(EC) on intestinal glucose uptake and insulin secretion.Materials and methods. Intestinal Na+-dependent glucose uptake (SGU) and Na+-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) protein expression was determined using brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs). Glucose-induced insulin secretion was examined in pancreatic β-islet cells. The antihyperglycemic effects of EC, SGU, and SGLT1 expression were determined in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.Results. Methanol extract of EC markedly inhibited intestinal SGU of BBMV with the IC50value of 345 μg/mL. SGLT1 protein expression was dose dependently down regulated with EC treatment. Furthermore, insulinotrophic effect of EC extract was observed at high glucose media in isolated pancreatic β-islet cellsin vitro. We next conducted the antihyperglycemic effect of EC in STZ-diabetic mice. EC supplementation markedly suppressed SGU and SGLT1 abundance in BBMV from STZ mice. Furthermore, plasma insulin level was increased by EC treatment in diabetic mice. As a result, EC supplementation improved postprandial glucose regulation, assessed by oral glucose tolerance test, in diabetic mice.Conclusion. These results suggest that EC play a role in controlling dietary glucose absorption at the intestine and insulinotrophic action at the pancreas contributing blood glucose homeostasis in diabetic condition.

scholarly journals Dogfish glucagon analogues counter hyperglycaemia and enhance both insulin secretion and action in diet-induced obese diabetic mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1013-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. M. O'Harte ◽  
M. T. Ng ◽  
A. M. Lynch ◽  
J. M. Conlon ◽  
P. R. Flatt
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Diabetic Mice
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