scholarly journals Hypoxia in Combination With Muscle Contraction Improves Insulin Action and Glucose Metabolism in Human Skeletal Muscle via the HIF-1α Pathway

Diabetes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2800-2807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven W. Görgens ◽  
Tim Benninghoff ◽  
Kristin Eckardt ◽  
Christian Springer ◽  
Alexandra Chadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle

scholarly journals Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Improves Insulin Action and Glucose Metabolism in Human Skeletal Muscle

Diabetes ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 2190-2198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Nikoulina ◽  
T. P. Ciaraldi ◽  
S. Mudaliar ◽  
L. Carter ◽  
K. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

scholarly journals GSK-3β and control of glucose metabolism and insulin action in human skeletal muscle

2010 ◽  
Vol 315 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Ciaraldi ◽  
L. Carter ◽  
S. Mudaliar ◽  
R.R. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gsk 3Β ◽  
And Control

Does impaired mitochondrial function affect insulin signaling and action in cultured human skeletal muscle cells?

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. E97-E102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey E. Brown ◽  
Matthias Elstner ◽  
Stephen J. Yeaman ◽  
Douglass M. Turnbull ◽  
Mark Walker
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Basal Glucose Uptake

Insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patients have been reported to have impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory function. A key question is whether decreased mitochondrial respiration contributes directly to the decreased insulin action. To address this, a model of impaired cellular respiratory function was established by incubating human skeletal muscle cell cultures with the mitochondrial inhibitor sodium azide and examining the effects on insulin action. Incubation of human skeletal muscle cells with 50 and 75 μM azide resulted in 48 ± 3% and 56 ± 1% decreases, respectively, in respiration compared with untreated cells mimicking the level of impairment seen in type 2 diabetes. Under conditions of decreased respiratory chain function, insulin-independent (basal) glucose uptake was significantly increased. Basal glucose uptake was 325 ± 39 pmol/min/mg (mean ± SE) in untreated cells. This increased to 669 ± 69 and 823 ± 83 pmol/min/mg in cells treated with 50 and 75 μM azide, respectively (vs. untreated, both P < 0.0001). Azide treatment was also accompanied by an increase in basal glycogen synthesis and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. However, there was no decrease in glucose uptake following insulin exposure, and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt was normal under these conditions. GLUT1 mRNA expression remained unchanged, whereas GLUT4 mRNA expression increased following azide treatment. In conclusion, under conditions of impaired mitochondrial respiration there was no evidence of impaired insulin signaling or glucose uptake following insulin exposure in this model system.

Effects of a 3-day fast on regional lipid and glucose metabolism in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gjedsted ◽  
L. C. Gormsen ◽  
S. Nielsen ◽  
O. Schmitz ◽  
C. B. Djurhuus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle

Effect of exercise on insulin action in human skeletal muscle

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 876-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Richter ◽  
K. J. Mikines ◽  
H. Galbo ◽  
B. Kiens
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Local Contraction

The effect of 1 h of dynamic one-legged exercise on insulin action in human muscle was studied in 6 healthy young men. Four hours after one-legged knee extensions, a three-step sequential euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with arterial and bilateral femoral vein catheterization was performed. Increased insulin action on glucose uptake was found in the exercised compared with the rested thigh at mean plasma insulin concentrations of 23, 40, and 410 microU/ml. Furthermore, prior contractions directed glucose uptake toward glycogen synthesis and increased insulin effects on thigh O2 consumption and at some insulin concentrations on potassium exchange. In contrast, no change in insulin effects on limb exchange of free fatty acids, glycerol, alanine or tyrosine were found after exercise. Glycogen concentration in rested vastus lateralis muscle did not increase measurably during the clamp even though indirect estimates indicated net glycogen synthesis. In contrast, in exercised muscle estimated and biopsy-verified increases in muscle glycogen concentration agreed. Local contraction-induced increases in insulin sensitivity and responsiveness play an important role in postexercise recovery of human skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Effect of N-acetylcysteine infusion on exercise-induced modulation of insulin sensitivity and signaling pathways in human skeletal muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (4) ◽  
pp. E388-E397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Trewin ◽  
Leonidas S. Lundell ◽  
Ben D. Perry ◽  
Kim Vikhe Patil ◽  
Alexander V. Chibalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Insulin Stimulation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

—Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in skeletal muscle may play a role in potentiating the beneficial responses to exercise; however, the effects of exercise-induced ROS on insulin action and protein signaling in humans has not been fully elucidated. Seven healthy, recreationally active participants volunteered for this double-blind, randomized, repeated-measures crossover study. Exercise was undertaken with infusion of saline (CON) or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to attenuate ROS. Participants performed two 1-h cycling exercise sessions 7–14 days apart, 55 min at 65% V̇o2peak plus 5 min at 85%V̇o2peak, followed 3 h later by a 2-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (40 mIU·min−1·m2) to determine insulin sensitivity. Four muscle biopsies were taken on each trial day, at baseline before NAC infusion (BASE), after exercise (EX), after 3-h recovery (REC), and post-insulin clamp (PI). Exercise, ROS, and insulin action on protein phosphorylation were evaluated with immunoblotting. NAC tended to decrease postexercise markers of the ROS/protein carbonylation ratio by −13.5% ( P = 0.08) and increase the GSH/GSSG ratio twofold vs. CON ( P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity was reduced (−5.9%, P < 0.05) by NAC compared with CON without decreased phosphorylation of Akt or AS160. Whereas p-mTOR was not significantly decreased by NAC after EX or REC, phosphorylation of the downstream protein synthesis target kinase p70S6K was blunted by 48% at PI with NAC compared with CON ( P < 0.05). We conclude that NAC infusion attenuated muscle ROS and postexercise insulin sensitivity independent of Akt signaling. ROS also played a role in normal p70S6K phosphorylation in response to insulin stimulation in human skeletal muscle.

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