scholarly journals Legacy Effect of Foxo1 in Pancreatic Endocrine Progenitors on Adult β-Cell Mass and Function

Diabetes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 2868-2879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivatra Chutima Talchai ◽  
Domenico Accili
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Legacy Effect ◽  
And Function ◽  
Endocrine Progenitors

scholarly journals Assessment of β-Cell Mass and α- and β-Cell Survival and Function by Arginine Stimulation in Human Autologous Islet Recipients

Diabetes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Paul Robertson ◽  
Lindsey D. Bogachus ◽  
Elizabeth Oseid ◽  
Susan Parazzoli ◽  
Mary Elizabeth Patti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
And Function

VMAT2 gene expression and function as it applies to imaging β-cell mass

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Harris ◽  
Caterina Ferrara ◽  
Pasquale Barba ◽  
Teresa Polito ◽  
Matthew Freeby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Distinct Roles of β-Cell Mass and Function During Type 1 Diabetes Onset and Remission

Diabetes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2148-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Chmelova ◽  
Christian M. Cohrs ◽  
Julie A. Chouinard ◽  
Cathleen Petzold ◽  
Matthias Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Diabetes Onset ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Regulator of G protein signaling 2 is a key regulator of pancreatic β-cell mass and function

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e2821-e2821 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dong ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
J Wang ◽  
D S Kim ◽  
H Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
G Protein Signaling ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals β cell-specific deletion of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase causes overt diabetes due to reduction of β cell mass and impaired insulin secretion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Shoko Takei ◽  
Shuichi Nagashima ◽  
Akihito Takei ◽  
Daisuke Yamamuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Embryonic Pancreas ◽  
Endocrine Progenitors ◽  
Coenzyme A Reductase

Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), statins, which are used to prevent cardiovascular diseases, are associated with a modest increase in the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus. To investigate the role of HMGCR in the development of β cells and glucose homeostasis, we deleted <i>Hmgcr</i> in a β cell-specific manner by using the Cre-loxP technique. Mice lacking <i>Hmgcr</i> in β cells (β-KO) exhibited hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia as early as postnatal day 9 (P9) due to decreases in both β cell mass and insulin secretion. Ki67 positive cells were reduced in β-KO mice at P9, thus β cell mass reduction was caused by proliferation disorder immediately after birth. The mRNA expression of <i>neurogenin3 (Ngn3)</i>, which is transiently expressed in endocrine progenitors of the embryonic pancreas, was maintained despite a striking reduction in the expression of β cell-associated genes, such as <i>insulin</i>, <i>Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1</i> <i>(Pdx1)</i> and <i>MAF BZIP transcription factor A (</i><i>Mafa)</i> in the islets from β-KO mice. Histological analyses revealed dysmorphic islets with markedly reduced numbers of β cells, some of which were also positive for glucagon. In conclusion, HMGCR plays critical roles not only in insulin secretion but also in the development of β cells in mice.

scholarly journals Gut Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Protects INS-1 β-Cell and Rat Islet Function under Diabetic Glucolipotoxic Conditions

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1892
Author(s):  
Emily S. Krueger ◽  
Joseph L. Beales ◽  
Kacie B. Russon ◽  
Weston S. Elison ◽  
Jordan R. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Islet Function ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Molecular Effects ◽  
And Function

Serum accumulation of the gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with high caloric intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Impaired pancreatic β-cell function is a hallmark of diet-induced T2D, which is linked to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. While TMAO production via the gut microbiome-liver axis is well defined, its molecular effects on metabolic tissues are unclear, since studies in various tissues show deleterious and beneficial TMAO effects. We investigated the molecular effects of TMAO on functional β-cell mass. We hypothesized that TMAO may damage functional β-cell mass by inhibiting β-cell viability, survival, proliferation, or function to promote T2D pathogenesis. We treated INS-1 832/13 β-cells and primary rat islets with physiological TMAO concentrations and compared functional β-cell mass under healthy standard cell culture (SCC) and T2D-like glucolipotoxic (GLT) conditions. GLT significantly impeded β-cell mass and function by inducing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. TMAO normalized GLT-mediated damage in β-cells and primary islet function. Acute 40µM TMAO recovered insulin production, insulin granule formation, and insulin secretion by upregulating the IRE1α unfolded protein response to GLT-induced ER and oxidative stress. These novel results demonstrate that TMAO protects β-cell function and suggest that TMAO may play a beneficial molecular role in diet-induced T2D conditions.

scholarly journals PET/MRI enables simultaneous in vivo quantification of β-cell mass and function

Theranostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 398-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo C. Michelotti ◽  
Gregory Bowden ◽  
Astrid Küppers ◽  
Lieke Joosten ◽  
Jonas Maczewsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
And Function
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