scholarly journals Regulator of G protein signaling 2 is a key regulator of pancreatic β-cell mass and function

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e2821-e2821 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dong ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
J Wang ◽  
D S Kim ◽  
H Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
G Protein Signaling ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals The regulator of G-protein signaling RGS16 promotes insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation in rodent and human islets

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 988-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Vivot ◽  
Valentine S. Moullé ◽  
Bader Zarrouki ◽  
Caroline Tremblay ◽  
Arturo D. Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Human Islets ◽  
G Protein Signaling ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Β Cell

scholarly journals Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation in Obesity1,2

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia K. Linnemann ◽  
Mieke Baan ◽  
Dawn Belt Davis
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Extracellular Signals ◽  
Secreted Factors ◽  
And Function ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

Abstract Because obesity rates have increased dramatically over the past 3 decades, type 2 diabetes has become increasingly prevalent as well. Type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased pancreatic β-cell mass and function, resulting in inadequate insulin production. Conversely, in nondiabetic obesity, an expansion in β-cell mass occurs to provide sufficient insulin and to prevent hyperglycemia. This expansion is at least in part due to β-cell proliferation. This review focuses on the mechanisms regulating obesity-induced β-cell proliferation in humans and mice. Many factors have potential roles in the regulation of obesity-driven β-cell proliferation, including nutrients, insulin, incretins, hepatocyte growth factor, and recently identified liver-derived secreted factors. Much is still unknown about the regulation of β-cell replication, especially in humans. The extracellular signals that activate proliferative pathways in obesity, the relative importance of each of these pathways, and the extent of cross-talk between these pathways are important areas of future study.

scholarly journals Clinical Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Fu-Liang Zhang ◽  
Hang Jin ◽  
Xiu-Li Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
And Function ◽  
Clinical Potential

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major public health disease which is increased in incidence and prevalence throughout the whole world. Insulin resistance (IR) in peripheral tissues and insufficient pancreatic β-cell mass and function have been recognized as primary mechanisms in the pathogenesis of T2D, while recently, systemic chronic inflammation resulting from obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has also gained considerable attention in T2D progression. Nowadays, accumulating evidence has revealed extracellular vesicles (EVs) as critical mediators promoting the pathogenesis of T2D. They can also be used in the diagnosis and treatment of T2D and its complications. In this review, we briefly introduce the basic concepts of EVs and their potential roles in the pathogenesis of T2D. Then, we discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic potentials in T2D and its complications, hoping to open new prospects for the management of T2D.

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