scholarly journals Separate Impact of Obesity and Glucose Tolerance on the Incretin Effect in Normal Subjects and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Diabetes ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1340-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Muscelli ◽  
A. Mari ◽  
A. Casolaro ◽  
S. Camastra ◽  
G. Seghieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Incretin Effect ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7228
Author(s):  
Ching-Chia Wang ◽  
Huang-Jen Chen ◽  
Ding-Cheng Chan ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Urinary acrolein adduct levels have been reported to be increased in both habitual smokers and type-2 diabetic patients. The impairment of glucose transport in skeletal muscles is a major factor responsible for glucose uptake reduction in type-2 diabetic patients. The effect of acrolein on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether acrolein affects muscular glucose metabolism in vitro and glucose tolerance in vivo. Exposure of mice to acrolein (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks substantially increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. The glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression was significantly decreased in soleus muscles of acrolein-treated mice. The glucose uptake was significantly decreased in differentiated C2C12 myotubes treated with a non-cytotoxic dose of acrolein (1 μM) for 24 and 72 h. Acrolein (0.5–2 μM) also significantly decreased the GLUT4 expression in myotubes. Acrolein suppressed the phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals IRS1, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and GSK3α/β. Over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes. These results suggest that acrolein at doses relevant to human exposure dysregulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells and impairs glucose tolerance in mice.

scholarly journals Increased plasma concentrations of osteoprotegerin in type 2 diabetic patients with microvascular complications

2003 ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
ST Knudsen ◽  
CH Foss ◽  
PL Poulsen ◽  
NH Andersen ◽  
CE Mogensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Albumin Excretion Rate ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

OBJECTIVE: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a newly identified inhibitor of bone resorption. Recent studies indicate that OPG also acts as an important regulatory molecule in the vasculature. Plasma levels of OPG seem to be elevated in subjects with diabetes as well as in non-diabetic subjects with cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between plasma OPG levels and microvascular complications and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN AND METHODS: Four groups of 20 subjects in each, individually matched for age and gender, were included in the study: (i) subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT); (ii) subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); (iii) type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy; and (iv) type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic maculopathy (DMa). Plasma concentration of OPG was measured in duplicate by a sandwich ELISA method. Furthermore, fundus photography, flourescein angiography, and measurements of urinary albumin excretion rate (RIA) were performed. RESULTS: Plasma OPG was significantly higher in diabetic (iii+iv) than in NGT (i) subjects (3.04+/-0.15 vs 2.54+/-0.16 ng/ml, P<0.05). Plasma OPG was significantly higher in the DMa (iv) group than in the NGT (i) group (3.25+/-0.23 vs 2.54+/-0.16 ng/ml, P=0.01). Moreover, plasma OPG was significantly higher (3.61+/-0.36 ng/ml) in the group of diabetic subjects with both microalbuminuria and DMa (n=7) than in the NGT (i) (2.54+/-0.16 ng/ml, P<0.01), IGT (ii) (2.82+/-0.21 ng/ml, P<0.05), and no retinopathy (iii) groups (2.83+/-0.20 ng/ml, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found increased levels of OPG in plasma from diabetic patients with microvascular complications. This finding indicates that OPG may be involved in the development of vascular dysfunction in diabetes [corrected].

scholarly journals Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Glucose Intolerance in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients without a Previous Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Choi ◽  
K. W. Lee ◽  
S. G. Kim ◽  
N. H. Kim ◽  
C. G. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract We examined the prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism and its association with inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients without a previous diagnosis of diabetes. This prospective study enrolled 52 AMI patients, and 75-g oral glucose tolerance testing was performed on 30 patients at discharge and again 3 months later. We also measured serum adiponectin, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and IL-6 on both occasions. Data were compared with those of 30 type 2 diabetic patients without a history of AMI. Forty percent and 36.7% of AMI patients had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) at discharge and at 3 months, respectively. The corresponding proportions for newly diagnosed diabetes are 33.0% and 30.0%. At discharge, AMI patients with IGT or diabetes showed higher high sensitive C-reactive protein and IL-6 levels compared with AMI patients with normal glucose tolerance or control type 2 diabetic patients. Furthermore, AMI patients with IGT or diabetes exhibited higher IR and lower serum adiponectin levels than AMI patients with normal glucose tolerance at 3 months after discharge. Previously undiagnosed diabetes and IGT are common in Korean patients with AMI. These glycometabolic abnormalities are associated with inflammation, IR, and serum adiponectin levels.

scholarly journals Comparison of the nerve fiber layer of type 2 diabetic patients without glaucoma with normal subjects of the same age and sex

2014 ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Alonistiotis ◽  
Alexandros Takis ◽  
Dimitrios Panagiotidis ◽  
Nikolaos Ioannou ◽  
Dimitrios Papaconstantinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Age And Sex
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