scholarly journals Comparison of the nerve fiber layer of type 2 diabetic patients without glaucoma with normal subjects of the same age and sex

2014 ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Alonistiotis ◽  
Alexandros Takis ◽  
Dimitrios Panagiotidis ◽  
Nikolaos Ioannou ◽  
Dimitrios Papaconstantinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals Separate Impact of Obesity and Glucose Tolerance on the Incretin Effect in Normal Subjects and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Diabetes ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1340-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Muscelli ◽  
A. Mari ◽  
A. Casolaro ◽  
S. Camastra ◽  
G. Seghieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Incretin Effect ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Association between Statin Use and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Hospital-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Hye-Won Han ◽  
Jeong Yee ◽  
Yoon-Hee Park ◽  
Hye-Sun Gwak
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Statin Use

Background: Statins have emerged as protective agents against sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with dyslipidemia, but the effects of statins on SNHL are not consistent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between statin use and the risk of SNHL using a hospital cohort. Methods: This nested case-control study included type 2 diabetic patients over the age of 18 years without a history of hearing loss. Of these, 1379 patients newly diagnosed with SNHL or tinnitus were classified as cases, and 5512 patients matched to the cases based on age, sex, and index year were classified as controls. Chi-squared tests were used to compare categorical variables between the two groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated from univariate and multivariable unconditional logistic regression analyses, respectively. Results: There was a significant difference in the prevalence of statin use between the cases and controls (53.7% vs. 61.2%, respectively; p < 0.001). The use of statins in type 2 diabetic patients significantly reduced the risk of SNHL or tinnitus by 24.8% (95% CI 14.2–34.1%, p < 0.001) after controlling for confounders. Similar results were found for the association between statin use and SNHL (AOR = 0.706; 95% CI 0.616–0.811, p < 0.001). The protective effects of statins against SNHL were consistent regardless of age and sex. Conclusion: The use of statins for type 2 diabetic patients was significantly associated with a reduced risk of SNHL, regardless of age and sex. Further studies are needed, especially large cohort studies, to evaluate the long-term protective effects of statins.

scholarly journals Follow-up of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of diabetic patients type 2, as a predisposing factor for glaucoma compared to normal subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 1135-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Takis ◽  
Dimitrios Alonistiotis ◽  
Nikolaos Ioannou ◽  
Evgenia Kontou ◽  
Maria Mitsopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness

Retinal Neurovascular Changes Appear Earlier in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Pierro ◽  
Lorenzo Iuliano ◽  
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli ◽  
Giuseppe Casalino ◽  
Francesco Bandello
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ganglion Cell Complex ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Purpose To investigate the early neurodegenerative changes of inner retina and choroid in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy and with early-stage retinopathy. Methods In this observational cross-sectional study, 90 right eyes of 90 naive type 1 and 2 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and with mild to moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR) were analyzed. Forty healthy eyes were included as controls. We used spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to evaluate the ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, the choroid thickness, and the central foveal thickness (CFT) of patients and controls. Results Average GCC thickness turned out to be thinner in type 2 diabetic patients with no DR and with NPDR compared to controls ( p = 0.046 and p = 0.041, respectively). The RNFL thickness and CFT were similar among the studied groups and compared to controls ( p = 0.78 and p = 0.104, respectively). Average choroid thicknesses (both in the subfoveal area and in a 1-mm radius circular area) were significantly thinner in type 2 diabetic patients with no DR and NPDR, compared to DMT1 groups and controls (both p<0.0001). The GCC and choroid thickness changes were not correlated in any of the investigational groups. Conclusions Type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy and with early-stage retinopathy have inferior thickness values of GCC and choroid compared to controls. Insulin resistance might be a possible adjunctive pathogenetic aspect of neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Patterns of Toll-Like Receptor Expressions and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels and Their Implications in the Progress of Insulin Resistance and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rofyda H. Aly ◽  
Amr E. Ahmed ◽  
Walaa G. Hozayen ◽  
Alaa Mohamed Rabea ◽  
Tarek M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tlr4 Mrna ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DNP) is a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) chronic complication, which is the largest single cause of end-stage kidney disease. There is an increasing evidence of the role of inflammation and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as part of innate immune system in its development and progression. In addition, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) downward signaling causes the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which can induce insulin (INS) resistance in T2DM.Objective: The goal of this study was to estimate the expression of TLRs (TLR2 and TLR4) in relation to inflammation and INS resistance in nephrotic type 2 diabetic patients with or without renal failure and to discuss the role of these TLRs in DNP progression.Patients and Methods: In this study, blood samples were obtained from type 2 diabetic patients with or without renal failure, and patients with non-diabetic renal failure were compared to healthy controls. All participants were tested for analysis of fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin, kidney function tests, C-reactive protein (CRP), and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) as well as expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in peripheral blood (PB). Statistical analysis of data was done by using SPSS.Results: Diabetic patients with renal failure exhibited significant increase in TLR2, TLR4 mRNA expression in PB in comparison with normal subjects, diabetic patients without renal failure and non-diabetic patients with renal failure. Both diabetic patients with or without kidney failure and non-diabetic patients with renal failure had increased TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression in association with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6) compared to normal subjects. The diabetic patients with kidney failure exhibited the highest elevation of TLRs, Th1 cytokines and CRP in association the highest record of insulin resistance.Conclusion: Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 increased expression and Th2 cytokines may have an important role in the progression of DNP and deteriorations in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, TLR2 and TLR4 may be a promising therapeutic target to prevent or retard DNP in type 2 diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Glycaemic, insulin and ghrelin responses to traditional South Asian flatbreads in diabetic and healthy subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1810-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadija I. Khawaja ◽  
Aziz Fatima ◽  
Saqib A. Mian ◽  
Usman Mumtaz ◽  
Amena Moazzum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

In the South-East Asian subcontinent, flatbreads contribute the main portion of carbohydrate to a meal. There are no specific data on the effect of different flatbreads on satiety and recurrent hunger, as indicated by the duration of ghrelin suppression after a meal. The present study was designed to examine the glycaemic, insulin and ghrelin responses to traditional subcontinental breads in type 2 diabetic subjects and healthy volunteers. For this purpose, twelve normoglycaemic healthy volunteers and ten type 2 diabetic patients, in the fasting state, consumed one of five common flatbreads on consecutive days. Capillary blood glucose was examined in the fasting state and serially for 5 h after a meal. Serum insulin and ghrelin levels were determined at hourly intervals for 5 h after the consumption of bran and plain chapatti flatbreads. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated for glycaemic and insulin responses, while the net AUC was used to assess the ghrelin response. The results showed that glycaemic and insulin iAUC were lowest for bran chapatti, and highest for plain chapatti. Furthermore, bran chapatti showed maximum ghrelin suppression in both normal and diabetic groups. In conclusion, the low-glycaemic index bran chapatti flatbread had a lower postprandial glycaemic excursion and insulin response, and a more prolonged suppression of ghrelin levels, compared with the plain chapatti flatbread, and in each case, the difference was greater for the diabetic subjects than for the normal subjects. The inclusion of these flatbreads in the diabetic/weight-reducing diet may help weight loss by promoting satiety and reducing hyperinsulinaemia.

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