scholarly journals Inhibiting Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Improves Glycemic Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Animal Models of Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1210-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhao ◽  
M. Przybylska ◽  
I-H. Wu ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
C. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Animal Models

scholarly journals Effect of Pioglitazone Compared with Metformin on Glycemic Control and Indicators of Insulin Sensitivity in Recently Diagnosed Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1637-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Pavo ◽  
György Jermendy ◽  
Tamas T. Varkonyi ◽  
Zsuzsa Kerenyi ◽  
Andras Gyimesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glycemic Control

scholarly journals The Effect of Crocin Supplementation on Glycemic Control, Insulin Resistance and Active AMPK Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahideh Behrouz ◽  
Ali Dastkhosh ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Meghdad Sedaghat ◽  
Maryam Sharafkhah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Group Analysis

Abstract Background Crocin as a carotenoid exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects. Besides, the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its allied complications, and also patients' desire to use natural products for treating their diseases, led to the design of this study to evaluate the efficacy of crocin on glycemic control, insulin resistance and active adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D). Methods In this clinical trial with a parallel-group design, 50 patients with T2D received either 15-mg crocin or placebo, twice daily, for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, physical activity, blood pressure, glucose homeostasis parameters, active form of AMPK were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study.Results Compared with the placebo group, crocin improved fasting glucose level (P=0.015), hemoglobin A1c (P=0.045), plasma insulin level (P=0.046), insulin resistance (P=0.001), and insulin sensitivity (P=0.001). Based on the within group analysis, crocin led to significant improvement in plasma levels of glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity. The active form of AMPK did not change within and between groups after intervention. Conclusions The findings indicate that crocin supplementation can improve glycemic control and insulin resistance in patients with T2D. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Trial Registration This study has been registered at Clinicaltrial.gov with registration number NCT04163757.

scholarly journals Small molecule SWELL1-LRRC8 complex induction improves glycemic control and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in murine Type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel K. Gunasekar ◽  
Litao Xie ◽  
Pratik R. Chheda ◽  
Chen Kang ◽  
David M. Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). SWELL1 (LRRC8a) ablation impairs adipose and skeletal muscle insulin-pAKT2 signaling, β-cell insulin secretion and glycemic control - suggesting that SWELL1-LRRC8 complex dysfunction contributes to T2D pathogenesis. Here, we show that ICl,SWELL and SWELL1 protein are reduced in adipose and β-cells in murine and human T2D. Combining cryo-electron microscopy, molecular docking, medicinal chemistry, and functional studies, we define a structure activity relationship to rationally-designed active derivatives (SN-40X) of a SWELL1 channel inhibitor (DCPIB/SN-401), that bind the SWELL1-LRRC8 hexameric complex, restore SWELL1-LRRC8 protein, plasma membrane trafficking, signaling and islet insulin secretion via SWELL1-dependent mechanisms. In vivo, SN-401 and active SN-40X compounds restore glycemic control and prevents NAFLD by improving insulin-sensitivity and insulin secretion in murine T2D. These findings demonstrate that small molecule SWELL1 modulators restore SWELL1-dependent insulin-sensitivity and insulin secretion in T2D and may represent a first-in-class therapeutic approach for T2D and NAFLD.

scholarly journals Thromboxane-Dependent Platelet Activation in Obese Subjects with Prediabetes or Early Type 2 Diabetes: Effects of Liraglutide- or Lifestyle Changes-Induced Weight Loss

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Simeone ◽  
Rossella Liani ◽  
Romina Tripaldi ◽  
Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽  
Maria Guagnano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Obese Subjects

Thromboxane (TX)-dependent platelet activation and lipid peroxidation, as reflected in vivo by the urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-TXB2 and 8-iso-prostaglandin (PG)F2α, play a key role in atherothrombosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) since the earlier stages. Thirty-five metformin-treated obese subjects with prediabetes or newly-diagnosed T2DM were randomized to the glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist (GLP-RA) liraglutide (1.8 mg/day) or lifestyle counseling until achieving a comparable weight loss (−7% of initial body weight), to assess whether changes in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue distribution (MRI), insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Index) and beta-cell performance (multiple sampling OGTT beta-index), with either intervention, might affect TX-dependent platelet activation, lipid peroxidation and inflammation. At baseline, Ln-8-iso-PGF2α (Beta = 0.31, p = 0.0088), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (Beta = 2.64, p = 0.0011) Ln-TNF-α (Beta = 0.58, p = 0.0075) and SAT (Beta = 0.14, p = 0.044) were significant independent predictors of 11-dehydro-TXB2. After achievement of the weight loss target, a comparable reduction in U-11-dehydro-TXB2 (between-group p = 0.679) and 8-iso-PGF-2α (p = 0.985) was observed in both arms in parallel with a comparable improvement in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, SAT, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). In obese patients with initial impairment of glucose metabolism, the extent of platelet activation is related to systemic inflammation, isoprostane formation and degree of glycemic control and abdominal SAT. Successful weight loss, achieved with either lifestyle changes or an incretin-based therapy, is associated with a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and platelet activation.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS AND MODALITIES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON HEALTH VARIABLES IN ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Karina Rodionova ◽  
Aija Kļaviņa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Studies

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) comprises 90% of people with diabetes around the world, and is largely the result of excess body weight and physical inactivity (WHO, 2015). Objective: To evaluate and analyze evidence based research studies exploring the impact of physical activity on health variables in elderly population age 50-70 years with T2D.Data sources: Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and SPORTdiscus data bases were used for screening and selecting relevant research studies over the period 2005-2015.Study Selections: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Population: older adults or elderly with T2D. Intervention: All types of physical activity such as interval walking, aquatics or free living activity were included. Outcomes: glycemic control, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, BMI, blood pressure and VO₂max. Methodological quality was assessed using the Delphi List.Data Synthesis: While 1773 potentially relevant studies were found and 213 RCTs were relevant to the topic, only 16 studies (patients n= 946) accepted to the review. Results: The circuit resistance training was associated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decrease (8.0 (.35) to 7.36 (.28)), body mass index (BMI) reduction from 22.0(.8) to 20.9 (.8) and body weight change from 53.3 (1.6) to 51.9 (1.7). Improvement of insulin sensitivity, VO2max and glycemic control were observable in 8 studies including 16-week aerobic exercise training, 16-week interval walking training, and combined aerobic and resistance training. Combination of aerobic and resistance exercises were associated with positive change in plasma fasting glucose and were 6.86 (1.40) and 6.19 (1.47).Conclusions: The most effective and time consuming physical activity is interval walking, circuit training or combination of different intensity and/or physical activity modalities.

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