scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS AND MODALITIES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON HEALTH VARIABLES IN ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Karina Rodionova ◽  
Aija Kļaviņa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Studies

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) comprises 90% of people with diabetes around the world, and is largely the result of excess body weight and physical inactivity (WHO, 2015). Objective: To evaluate and analyze evidence based research studies exploring the impact of physical activity on health variables in elderly population age 50-70 years with T2D.Data sources: Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and SPORTdiscus data bases were used for screening and selecting relevant research studies over the period 2005-2015.Study Selections: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Population: older adults or elderly with T2D. Intervention: All types of physical activity such as interval walking, aquatics or free living activity were included. Outcomes: glycemic control, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, BMI, blood pressure and VO₂max. Methodological quality was assessed using the Delphi List.Data Synthesis: While 1773 potentially relevant studies were found and 213 RCTs were relevant to the topic, only 16 studies (patients n= 946) accepted to the review. Results: The circuit resistance training was associated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decrease (8.0 (.35) to 7.36 (.28)), body mass index (BMI) reduction from 22.0(.8) to 20.9 (.8) and body weight change from 53.3 (1.6) to 51.9 (1.7). Improvement of insulin sensitivity, VO2max and glycemic control were observable in 8 studies including 16-week aerobic exercise training, 16-week interval walking training, and combined aerobic and resistance training. Combination of aerobic and resistance exercises were associated with positive change in plasma fasting glucose and were 6.86 (1.40) and 6.19 (1.47).Conclusions: The most effective and time consuming physical activity is interval walking, circuit training or combination of different intensity and/or physical activity modalities.

Revisiting the Role of Physical Activity and Exercise in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrine E. Tudor-Locke ◽  
Rhonda C. Bell ◽  
Anita M. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Research

There is tremendous potential for improving glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular risk factors through increased physical activity in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. The demonstrated effects of structured endurance exercise on select outcomes compare favourably with those of typical pharmacological treatment modalities. Adherence to these types of program is problematic, however. We know less about the expected effects of lifestyle-based physical activity. Preliminary results require further investigation, given the apparent acceptability of these programs in this population, however. The effects of resistance training on cardiovascular risk factors to date likely limit its application as an adjunctive therapy for individuals with Type 2 diabetes. The question is no longer "can exercise/physical activity benefit the individual with Type 2 diabetes?" The answer is yes. Future research needs to refine questions regarding type, dose, and magnitude of effects of physical activity (and its subcategory exercise) on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and on risk factors for cardiovascular disease within the context of program acceptability and feasibility. Key words: walking, obesity, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, hypertension

How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

The epidemic of both obesity and type 2 diabetes is due to environmental factors, but the individuals developing the conditions possess a strong genetic predisposition. Observational surveys and intervention studies have shown that excess body fatness is the major environmental cause of type 2 diabetes, and that even a minor weight loss can prevent its development in high-risk subjects. Maintenance of a healthy body weight in susceptible individuals requires 45–60 minutes physical activity daily, a fat-reduced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain, and lean meat and dairy products, and moderate consumption of calorie containing beverages. The use of table values to predict the glycemic index of meals is of little – if any – value, and the role of a low-glycemic index diet for body weight control is controversial. The replacement of starchy carbohydrates with protein from lean meat and lean dairy products enhances satiety, and facilitate weight control. It is possible that dairy calcium also promotes weight loss, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. A weight loss of 5–10% can be induced in almost all obese patients providing treatment is offered by a professional team consisting of a physician and dieticians or nurses trained to focus on weight loss and maintenance. Whereas increasing daily physical activity and regular exercise does not significantly effect the rate of weight loss in the induction phase, it plays an important role in the weight maintenance phase due to an impact on daily energy expenditure and also to a direct enhancement of insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Impact of type 2 diabetes and microvascular complications on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in a multiethnic Asian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001413
Author(s):  
Jonathan Yap ◽  
Kamalesh Anbalakan ◽  
Wan Ting Tay ◽  
Daniel Ting ◽  
Carol Yim Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Microvascular Complication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hba1c Levels

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a growing public health epidemic in Asia. We examined the impact of type 2 diabetes, glycemic control and microvascular complications on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in a multiethnic population-based cohort of Asians without prior cardiovascular disease.Research design and methodsThis was a prospective population-based cohort study in Singapore comprising participants from the three major Asian ethnic groups: Chinese, Malays and Indians, with baseline examination in 2004–2011. Participants with type 1 diabetes and those with cardiovascular disease at baseline were excluded. Type 2 diabetes, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and presence of microvascular complications (diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy) were defined at baseline. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as a composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke and revascularization, collected using a national registry.ResultsA total of 8541 subjects were included, of which 1890 had type 2 diabetes at baseline. Subjects were followed for a median of 6.4 (IQR 4.8–8.8) years. Diabetes was a significant predictor of mortality (adjusted HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.08, p<0.001) and MACE (adjusted HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.93, p<0.001). In those with diabetes, higher HbA1c levels were associated with increased MACE rates (adjusted HR (per 1% increase) 1.18, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.26, p<0.001) but not mortality (p=0.115). Subjects with two microvascular complications had significantly higher mortality and MACE compared with those with only either microvascular complication (adjusted p<0.05) and no microvascular complication (adjusted p<0.05).ConclusionDiabetes is a significant predictor of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in Asian patients without prior cardiovascular disease. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, poorer glycemic control was associated with increased MACE but not mortality rates. Greater burden of microvascular complications identified a subset of patients with poorer outcomes.

Elderly patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Covid-19: the impact of glycemic control on the outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Araújo Cátia ◽  
Filipa Araújo Bárbara ◽  
Miguel Melo ◽  
Carla Baptista ◽  
Sandra Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Microvascular-Linked Improvements in Glycemic Control From Resistance Training in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1256-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Russell ◽  
Donghua Hu ◽  
Timothy Greenaway ◽  
Sarah J. Blackwood ◽  
Renee M. Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Glycemic Control

scholarly journals The Impact of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Hemoglobin A1c and Fitness Measures in Dynapenic-Obese with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the HART-D Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. S227-S228
Author(s):  
Martin Sénéchal ◽  
Neil M. Johanssen ◽  
Damon L. Swift ◽  
Steven N. Blair ◽  
Conrad P. Earnest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Fitness Measures ◽  
The Impact
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