scholarly journals Classification of bird-dispersed plants by fruiting phenology, fruit size, and growth form in a primary lucidophyllous forest: an analysis, with implications for the conservation of fruit-bird interactions

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohsuke Kominami ◽  
Tamotsu Sato ◽  
Keiko Takeshita ◽  
Tohru Manabe ◽  
Akira Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruiting Phenology ◽  
Lucidophyllous Forest

Inozoan calcareous Porifera from the Permian reefs in South China

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 778-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Keith Rigby ◽  
Fan Jiasong ◽  
Zhang Wei
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
Changxing Formation ◽  
Middle And Upper Permian ◽  
Eastern Sichuan

Inozoans are described from patch reefs on the carbonate platform of eastern Sichuan, from the uppermost Permian Laolongdong reefs in the Changxing Formation (Kazanian–Tatarian) at Beipei, northwest of Chongqing, and from Middle and Upper Permian reefs from the Maokou (Kungurian), Wujiaping (Ufimian), and Changxing Formations at Xiangbo, Longlin County, in northwestern Guangxi. Classification of inozoans, particularly late Paleozoic ones, is still in a state of flux, but genera recognized to date can be keyed using the general nature of the spongocoel, canals, and growth form.New genera described are Intratubospongia, Grossotubenella, Cavusonella, and Radicanalospongia. The new species described are Stellispongia radiata, S. minor, Peronidella beipeiensis, P. regulara, P. parva, Intratubospongia typica, I. tenuiperforata, I. multisi-phonata, I. minima, Grossotubenella parallela, Cavusonella caverna, and Radicanalospongia normala. A Corynella that is not identifiable to species and a sphinctozoan-like inozoan(?) sp. A that has a fibrous-appearing internal skeleton but is poorly preserved are also described. Inozoans and other sponges are major frame-builders in the Permian reefs of South China and our fauna is one of the most diverse late Paleozoic assemblages described to date.

scholarly journals Volatile Profile Comparison of USDA Sweet Orange-like Hybrids versus ‘Hamlin’ and ‘Ambersweet’

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhe Bai ◽  
Elizabeth Baldwin ◽  
Jack Hearn ◽  
Randy Driggers ◽  
Ed Stover
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Volatile Analysis ◽  
Volatile Profiles ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Hybrid Lines ◽  
Very High

Six ‘Ambersweet’-derived hybrids, similar to sweet orange fruit size, color, and taste and potential as new sweet orange cultivars, were selected to determine their fruit categorization by comparison of their volatile profiles with the parent and ‘Hamlin’, a typical sweet orange. All hybrids are at least ½ sweet orange and varying amounts of mandarin, grapefruit, Poncirus trifoliata, and sour orange in each pedigree. In total, 135 volatiles were detected in the eight hybrid lines/commercial cultivars over two harvests, and 20 compounds were detected in all samples, including terpenes (limonene, β-myrcene, α-pinene, α-terpinene, α-terpineol, and linalool), esters (ethyl butanote, ethyl pentanoate, and ethyl acetate), aldehydes (acetaldehyde, hexanal, and nonanal), and alcohols (ethanol and hexanol). Total abundance of volatiles in January-harvested fruits averaged 30% higher than for fruits of the same trees harvested in November. ‘Ambersweet’ contained the highest total amount of volatiles (mainly as a result of very high levels of monoterpenes), and of them, nootkatone and six other compounds were not detected in any of the hybrids, and some of them were also not detected in ‘Hamlin’. On the other hand, 12 compounds, including pentanal, ethyl 2-butenoate, and ethyl nonanoate, were not detected in ‘Ambersweet’ but were found in ‘Hamlin’ and some of the hybrids. Cluster analysis separated the cultivar/hybrid and harvest time combinations into three clusters. FF-1-76-50, FF-1-76-52 and January FF-1-75-55, all with the same parents (‘Ambersweet’ × FF-1-30-52), were close to FF-1-65-55, but they were separated from ‘Hamlin’ and further separated from ‘Ambersweet’. The cluster containing ‘Hamlin’ has three subclusters: January ‘Hamlin’ and November FF-1-74-14, a hybrid with one-eighth P. trifoliata, which includes a slight off-flavor frequently found in P. trifoliata hybrids, independent of each other, and both were separated from a group of November ‘Hamlin’, FF-1-64-97, and FF-1-75-55. The cluster containing ‘Ambersweet’ included January FF-1-64-97. A principle component analysis (PCA) separated ‘Ambersweet’ from all hybrids and ‘Hamlin’ along the PC1 axis and separated November harvests from January harvests along PC2. This volatile analysis supports the classification of the hybrids as sweet orange.

scholarly journals Chemometric classification of new Olea europaea L. cultivars developed through a crossbreeding program in Tunisia

1970 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
I. Guellaoui ◽  
F. Ben Amar, M. Ayadi ◽  
M. Boubaker
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Olea Europaéa

Five new olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars issued from a Tunisian breeding program were released in 2017. This program aimed to improve the oil quality of the local cultivar ‘Chemlali Sfax’ which had mainly low oleic acid content. A wide genetic diversity was observed within the new cultivars which differ from the typical cultivar. The results of the morphological evaluation of the leaf, fruit and stone showed mainly a significant increase of the fruit size (medium) and the appearance of new morphological states for the fruit and the stone.

The genus Karoowia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) includes unrelated clades nested within Xanthoparmelia

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Amo de Paz ◽  
H. Thorsten Lumbsch ◽  
Paloma Cubas ◽  
John A. Elix ◽  
Ana Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Hyphal Cell ◽  
Rdna Sequences

Thallus morphology has traditionally played a major role in the classification of lichenised fungi. We have used a combined dataset of nuITS, nuLSU and mtSSU rDNA sequences to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships between the subcrustose genus Karoowia and the mostly foliose genus Xanthoparmelia. Our phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and a Bayesian approach show that Karoowia species do not form a monophyletic group but cluster in different clades nested within Xanthoparmelia. The monophyly of Karoowia either as a separate clade from Xanthoparmelia, or nested within Xanthoparmelia is significantly rejected using alternative hypothesis testing. These results suggest that the usefulness of the phenotypic features used to define Karoowia has been overestimated because the subcrustose growth form has evolved independently in several clades within Xanthoparmelia. Other characters used to circumscribe Karoowia, such as the presence of cylindrical conidia, also occur in Xanthoparmelia, and the differences in rhizine morphology are minimal. Consequently, we propose to reduce Karoowia to synonymy with Xanthoparmelia. The enlarged genus is characterised by the presence of Xanthoparmelia-type lichenan in the hyphal cell walls and the presence of an arachiform vacuolar body in the ascospores. Fifteen new combinations in Xanthoparmelia and the new name Xanthoparmelia mucinae for Karoowia squamatica are made.

scholarly journals Classification of Safou (Dacryodes edulis) fruit size and shape on mass and outer dimensions

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
A. S. Ondo-Azi ◽  
C. Ella Missang ◽  
P. Nguema Ndoutoumou ◽  
Th. Silou
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis

scholarly journals Identification of an aquaculture poriferan “Pest with Potential” and its phylogenetic implications

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Galitz ◽  
Steve de C. Cook ◽  
Merrick Ekins ◽  
John N. A. Hooper ◽  
Peter T. Naumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Scientific Applications ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications

Correct identification and classification of sponges is challenging due to ambiguous or misleading morphological features. A particular case is a blue keratose sponge occasionally referred to as the “Blue Photo Sponge” among aquarists, which appears frequently (and in several cases unintended) in private aquaria. This spicule-less species, occasionally specified as Collospongia auris Bergquist, Cambie & Kernan 1990, not only displays a high phenotypic plasticity in growth form and colour, it also proliferates in aquacultures under standard conditions unlike most other sponges. Therefore, this species is regarded as a pest for most aquarists. In turn, the ease of cultivation and propagation in aquacultures qualifies this species as a model organism for a wide array of scientific applications. For these purposes, correct identification and classification are indispensable. We reconstructed ribosomal gene trees and determined this species as Lendenfeldia chondrodes (De Laubenfels, 1954) (Phyllospongiinae), distant to Collospongia auris, and corroborated by skeletal features. Additionally, the resulting phylogeny corroborated major shortcomings of the current Phyllospongiinae classification—its consequences are discussed.

A broad-scale structural classification of vegetation for practical purposes

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Structural Classification ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Special Growth ◽  
Air Photo ◽  
Broad Scale

An a priori system is presented for the broad structural classification of vegetation. The objectives are to provide a descriptive, consistent, easily applied system, with unambiguous, straight-forward terminology, which can be used in the field and with remote sensing and air photo techniques, and which can be used in conjuction with floristic and habitat terms to convey the essential physiognomy and structure of the vegetation. The attributes used are a primary set of four growth forms, a set of four projected crown cover classes, and a set of four height classes for each growth form. In addition, shrub substratum is used to define thicket and bushland. Special growth forms, substrata!, leaf and other attributes can be readily incorporated to extend the two-way table system where such detail is needed.

A Toxic Story: Phylogeny and Classification of Strychnos L. (Loganiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robberson B. Setubal ◽  
Cynthia L. Frasier ◽  
Jeanmaire Molina ◽  
Benjamin M. Torke ◽  
Rafaela C. Forzza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Fruit Wall ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sectional Classification

Strychnos is a pantropical genus of Loganiaceae (Gentianales), with approximately 200 species, that lacks a detailed worldwide phylogenetic understanding until now. We investigated the global phylogeny of the majority of Strychnos species, and evaluated morphologicaland key character patterns to discuss congruence between phylogenetic clades and sectional classification systems. We included 147 ITS sequences across 12 genera, with 127 samples (103 species) of Strychnos and 20 outgroup accessions (19 species) in a Bayesian analysis. Tribes Antonieae, Loganieae, and Spigelieae were supported as monophyletic, but Strychneae was resolved as polyphyletic due to the positioning of Gardneria placed outside of the Strychnos + Neuburgia clade. Strychnos was supported as strongly monophyletic with 12 strongly supported clades, but the relationships among many of these clades were not well resolved. Most of the 12 sections in the current infrageneric classification system of Strychnos were resolved as non-monophyletic, indicating the need for a revision of the sectional divisions. Characters common in species placed within the relatively more nested clades include a non-climbing habit, invasion of non-rainforest habitats, absence of tendrils,absence of secondary phloem, and elongated corolla tubes, suggesting that these characters are relatively derived conditions in the genus. Inflorescence position, fruit size, and fruit wall thickness are extremely variable and were distributed among various clades in our phylogeny. Stamen, pistil, seed and seed coat, and phytochemical characters have figured prominently in the taxonomy of the genus, but are as yet incompletely described, thus preventing significant inference about their evolution. Most of the 12 well-supported clades within Strychnos are restricted to specific continents, sometimes with limited dispersion between neighboring continents, suggesting a history of repeated cross-oceanic dispersal or vicariance patterns. The Neotropical clades nested within the African clades have the shortest branches and themost unresolved topologies, probably indicating relatively recent radiation in the Neotropics.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY AND INTRASPECIES CLASSIFICATION OF PUMKIN (Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poir.) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Purnomo _ ◽  
Budi Setiadi Daryono ◽  
Maulidya Beta Sentori
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Cultivar Groups

<p>Pumpkin (C. moschata) is minor cultivated plant has morphological variability, that is. important data illustrate the genetic variability. Morphological variation data of of pumpkin can be used for intraspecies classification and conservation. The relationship of cultivar groups of pumpkin also as important data for pumpkin cultivation. The objectives of this study are to determine variability and intraspecies classification of pumpkin in Yogyakarta and around area based on morphological characters. Cultivar accession are collected from Yogyakarta, and Kopeng also Salatiga central Java as operational taxonomic units (OTU’s). Character scoring based on IPGRI of pumpkin with soft modification. Morphological similarity is calculated based on presence and absence characters, and cluster analysis is conducted by UPGMA method to create dendrogram to determine morphological variability and intraspecies classification of pumpkin based on morphological similarity. The result study shows, that there are 3 fruit shapes, namely giant, globular, and oblong with lobes or not. Pumpkin also has yellow and orange colors fruit flesh. The taste of fruit flesh are sweet or not. Based on Dendrogram pumpkin is classified into 3 group cultivars: lowland group with standard fruit shape, highland with standard fruit shape, and giant cultivar groups. Morphological variability of pumpkin in Yogyakarta and around areas indicate on fruit shape, fruit size, fruit color, and taste of fruit flesh, with morphological similarity coefficient 0,55-0,88.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: C. moschata, cultivar, morphological variability, intraspecies classification, phenetic relationship.</p>

Bryozoan growth habits: Classification and analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Hageman ◽  
Philip E. Bock ◽  
Yvonne Bone ◽  
Brian Mcgowran
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
Growth Habits

Bryozoans are an important part of the benthic marine fauna in a wide variety of modern environments and are found in rock forming abundance in a number of settings throughout much of the Phanerozoic. Bryozoologists and nonspecialists have grouped taxa into colonial growth forms (e.g., erect fenestrates or encrusting sheets), both to simplify analyses and because correlations exist between some colony growth forms and the environmental conditions in which the organism lived. These correlations allow for the possibility of paleoenvironmental analyses based on skeletons alone. Existing bryozoan colonial growth form classifications do not, however, fully exploit the ecological information present in colony form.A new scheme is proposed here (Analytical Bryozoan Growth Habit Classification), which provides a list of colony-level morphological characteristics for bryozoan growth habits. This differs from previous approaches to bryozoan growth form analysis in that it is a classification of growth habit characteristics rather than a classification of morphological groups as such. The classification is based on eleven character classes, which describe the orientation of the colony and its occupation of, and placement in space. The overall colony shape is described based on the arrangement of modules in colonial growth. This classification provides a common ground for systematic comparison of character states among varied bryozoan growth habits. This approach allows for the evaluation of correlations among observed morphological character states and specific environmental conditions in which they develop. In addition, these growth habit characters can be used to recognize, characterize, evaluate, and apply more traditional growth form groups in broader studies.

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