Oxygen Store and Diving Capacity of Rhinoceros AukletCerorhinca monocerata

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Yamamoto ◽  
Akiko Kato ◽  
Yasuaki Niizuma ◽  
Yutaka Watanuki ◽  
Yasuhiko Naito
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Store

Factors influencing oxygen store during denitrogenation in the healthy patient

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam (John) T. Sum Ping ◽  
Laila F. Makary ◽  
Michael D. Van Hal
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Patient ◽  
Oxygen Store ◽  
Factors Influencing

Body mass and dive duration in alcids and penguins

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1838-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Watanuki ◽  
Alan E Burger
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Allometric Exponent ◽  
Oxygen Store ◽  
Mass Effects ◽  
Aerobic Dive Limit ◽  
Oxygen Stores

Interspecific allometric equations for dive duration were calculated for two groups of wing-propelled divers: penguins, which specializing in diving, and alcids, which balance demands for aerial flying with those of diving. The equations for maximum dive duration (min) were 1.433M0.702 and 3.612M0.735 (where M is body mass in kilograms) for penguins (10 species) and alcids (9 species), respectively, hence did not support a simple oxygen store/usage hypothesis based on the prediction that the mass exponent of aerobic dive limit is close to 0.25. Equations for feeding dives were 0.569M0.712 and 1.094M0.391 in penguins (9 species) and alcids (10 species), respectively. The allometric exponent for the duration of feeding dives for penguins did not match the predicted value of 0.25, but that for alcids did not differ significantly from this value. Alcids exhibited a maximum dive duration 2.5 times longer than that for penguins after mass effects were controlled for. The size of oxygen stores and metabolic rates based on laboratory studies of penguins and alcids failed to explain the longer dive duration in alcids than in penguins.

The effect of age and the influence of the relative size of the heart, brain, and blood oxygen store on the responses to submersion in mallard ducklings

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 986-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel H. West
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The Self ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Oxygen Store ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Effect Of Age

Three newly hatched mallard ducklings showed profound bradycardia on head submersion. Heart rate fell from 485 beats∙min−1 predive to 75 beats∙min−1 after 30 s. Resting heart rates in a group of eight ducklings retested at weekly intervals fell from 430 ± 13 beats∙min−1 at one week after hatching to 183 ± 27 beats∙min−1 at 12 weeks. In spite of the wide difference in resting heart rates, the proportional fall in heart rate by 30 s after head submersion was very consistent, to some 20% of the predive rate. The absolute fall in heart rate during early submergence was much greater at 1 week than at 4 weeks. Previous experience with voluntary head submersion during feeding did not affect the heart-rate response.Predive mean arterial blood pressure, which rose from 77.1 mmHg at 1 week to 180.2 mmHg at 12 weeks was maintained constant, or rose slightly, during submersion in all the animals tested. The tolerance to prolonged submersion was markedly poorer in younger ducklings; birds at 1 week only tolerated some 67 s of apnoeic asphyxia before a breakdown of the circulatory adjustments, while at 12 weeks the same birds tolerated submersion for 240 s with no ill effects. This is partially due to the changing allometric relationships during development between the mass of the brain and the heart, major components of the oxygen sink during submergence, and the blood volume, a major component of the self-contained oxygen store.

scholarly journals Oxygen store depletion and the aerobic dive limit in emperor penguins

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Ponganis ◽  
JU Meir ◽  
CL Williams
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Store ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
Store Depletion ◽  
Aerobic Dive Limit

The intrapulmonary oxygen store

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 222-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zander ◽  
E. Martin ◽  
K. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Store

Heart rates of emperor penguins diving at sea: implications for oxygen store management

2014 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Wright ◽  
KV Ponganis ◽  
BI McDonald ◽  
PJ Ponganis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rates ◽  
Oxygen Store ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
Store Management

The aerobic submersion limit of Baikal seals, Phoca sibirica

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1323-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Ponganis ◽  
Gerald L. Kooyman ◽  
Eugene A. Baranov ◽  
Philip H. Thorson ◽  
Brent S. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Weddell Seal ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Oxygen Store ◽  
Weddell Seals ◽  
Aerobic Dive Limit ◽  
Duration Relationship ◽  
Free Ranging

An aerobic dive limit (ADL), the diving duration beyond which postdive lactate concentration increases above the resting level, has been estimated theoretically for many species. Such calculations have been based on an oxygen store/diving metabolic rate (MR) equation. Until now, an ADL has been determined empirically from measurements of blood lactate concentration only in the Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddellii. We measured post-submergence plasma lactate concentrations during spontaneous voluntary submersions of three captive adult Baikal seals (Phoca sibirica). Two-phase regression analysis revealed a transition in the lactate concentration – submersion duration relationship after the animal had been diving for 15 min. Data collected in prior studies on oxygen stores and submersion metabolic rates of Baikal seals yielded a calculated aerobic limit of 16 min. As in Weddell seals, the empirically determined aerobic limit was very similar to the theoretical limit. Furthermore, most diving durations recorded during recent studies of free-ranging Baikal seals are under this limit. These data support the concept of an ADL and its estimation by means of an oxygen store/diving MR calculation.

Myoglobin: Just an Oxygen Store or Also an Oxygen Transporter?

Physiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus D. Jürgens ◽  
Simon Papadopoulos ◽  
Thomas Peters ◽  
Gerolf Gros
Keyword(s):  
Model Calculation ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Oxygen Diffusion ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Store ◽  
New Findings

Besides acting as an oxygen store during times of reduced blood oxygen supply, myoglobin can also facilitate intracellular oxygen transport by diffusion of oxymyoglobin along a Po2 gradient. We reassess the importance of myoglobin-facilitated oxygen diffusion by applying new findings on the intracellular diffusivity of myoglobin in a model calculation.

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