scholarly journals Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthases in Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorrin Nilforoushan ◽  
Morris Frank Manolson
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Pressure Side ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
No Signaling ◽  
Nos Isoforms ◽  
Nnos Expression

Abstract Objective: To investigate differential expression of NOS isoforms in periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone in tension and pressure sides using a rat model of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry with NOS isoform (iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS) antibodies was performed on horizontal sections of the first maxillary molars subjected to 3 and 24 hours of OTM. The PDL and adjacent osteocytes of the distopalatal root at pressure and tension areas were analyzed for expression of these proteins. The contralateral molar served as a control. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and with two-way ANOVA. Results: Expression of all isoforms was increased in the tension side. iNOS and nNOS expression in the pressure side with cell-free zone was decreased but in the pressure side without cell-free zone was increased. The number of eNOS-positive cells did not change, but the intensity of the staining was visibly increased in the tension side. Duration of OTM changed only the pattern of nNOS expression. Osteocyte NOS expression did not change significantly in response to OTM. Conclusions: All NOS isoforms are involved in OTM with different expression patterns between tension and pressure sides, with nNOS being more involved in early OTM events. NOS expression did not change in osteocytes, suggesting that PDL cells rather than osteocytes are the mechanosensors in early OTM events with regard to NO signaling.

Compressive Force Induces VEGF Production in Periodontal Tissues

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Miyagawa ◽  
M. Chiba ◽  
H. Hayashi ◽  
K. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Vegf Mrna ◽  
Angiogenic Activity ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Pdl Cells

During orthodontic tooth movement, the activation of the vascular system in the compressed periodontal ligament (PDL) is an indispensable process in tissue remodeling. We hypothesized that compressive force would induce angiogenesis of PDL through the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We examined the localization of VEGF in rat periodontal tissues during experimental tooth movement in vivo, and the effects of continuous compressive force on VEGF production and angiogenic activity in human PDL cells in vitro. PDL cells adjacent to hyalinized tissue and alveolar bone on the compressive side showed marked VEGF immunoreactivity. VEGF mRNA expression and production in PDL cells increased, and conditioned medium stimulated tube formation. These results indicate that continuous compressive force enhances VEGF production and angiogenic activity in PDL cells, which may contribute to periodontal remodeling, including angiogenesis, during orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals Molecular Markers of Early Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1108-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Joyce Brooks ◽  
Dorrin Nilforoushan ◽  
Morris Frank Manolson ◽  
Craig A. Simmons ◽  
Siew-Ging Gong
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Tooth Root ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Related Transcription Factor ◽  
Osteoclastic Differentiation

Abstract Objective: To understand the molecular basis of early orthodontic tooth movement by looking at the expression of KI-67, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (RANKL) proteins. Materials and Methods: We employed a rat model of early orthodontic tooth movement using a split-mouth design (where contralateral side serves as a control) and performed immunohistochemical staining to map the spatial expression patterns of three proteins at 3 and 24 hours after appliance insertion. Results: We observed increased expression of KI-67, a proliferation marker, and RANKL, a molecule associated with osteoclastic differentiation, in the compression sites of the periodontal ligament subjected to 3 hours of force. In contrast, there was increased expression of KI-67 and Runx2, a marker of osteoblast precursors, in tension areas after 24 hours of force. Decreased KI-67 expression in the mesial and distal regions of the periodontal ligament was observed at the midpoint of the tooth root. Conclusions: The early RANKL expression indicates that at this early stage cells are involved in osteoclast precursor signaling. Also, decreased KI-67 expression found near the midpoint of the tooth root is believed to represent the center of rotation, providing a molecular means of visualizing mechanical loading patterns.

Clodronate Inhibits PGE2 Production in Compressed Periodontal Ligament Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 757-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Liu ◽  
K. Igarashi ◽  
H. Kanzaki ◽  
M. Chiba ◽  
H. Shinoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Rankl Expression ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Striking Increase ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
Cox 2

Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play an essential role in orthodontic tooth movement. We recently reported that clodronate, a non-N-containing bisphosphonate, strongly inhibited tooth movement in rats, and thus could be a useful adjunct for orthodontic treatment. However, it is not clear how clodronate affects the responses of PDL cells to orthodontic force. In this study, we hypothesized that clodronate prevents the mechanical stress-induced production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nitric oxide (NO) in human PDL cells. A compressive stimulus caused a striking increase in PGE2 production, while the responses of IL-1β and NO were less marked. Clodronate concentration-dependently inhibited the stress-induced production of PGE2. Clodronate also strongly inhibited stress-induced gene expression for COX-2 and RANKL. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of clodronate on tooth movement and osteoclasts may be due, at least in part, to the inhibition of COX-2-dependent PGE2 production and RANKL expression in PDL cells.

scholarly journals Anabolic Properties of High Mobility Group Box Protein-1 in Human Periodontal Ligament CellsIn Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wolf ◽  
Stefan Lossdörfer ◽  
Piero Römer ◽  
Rogerio Bastos Craveiro ◽  
James Deschner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Hmgb1 Protein ◽  
Pdl Cells

High mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1) is mainly recognized as a chemoattractant for macrophages in the initial phase of host response to pathogenic stimuli. However, recent findings provide evidence for anabolic properties in terms of enhanced proliferation, migration, and support of wound healing capacity of mesenchymal cells suggesting a dual role of the cytokine in the regulation of immune response and subsequent regenerative processes. Here, we examined potential anabolic effects of HMGB1 on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in the regulation of periodontal remodelling, for example, during orthodontic tooth movement. Preconfluent human PDL cells (hPDL) were exposed to HMGB1 protein and the influence on proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and biomineralization was determined by MTS assay, real time PCR, immunofluorescence cytochemistry, ELISA, and von Kossa staining. HMGB1 protein increased hPDL cell proliferation, migration, osteoblastic marker gene expression, and protein production as well as mineralized nodule formation significantly. The present findings support the dual character of HMGB1 with anabolic therapeutic potential that might support the reestablishment of the structural and functional integrity of the periodontium following periodontal trauma such as orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals Mechanosensitive Piezo1 in Periodontal Ligament Cells Promotes Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Jiang ◽  
Yuzhe Guan ◽  
Yuanchen Lan ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Tiancheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Pdl Cells

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a process depending on the remodeling of periodontal tissues surrounding the roots. Orthodontic forces trigger the conversion of mechanical stimuli into intercellular chemical signals within periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, activating alveolar bone remodeling, and thereby, initiating OTM. Recently, the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 has been found to play pivotal roles in the different types of human cells by transforming external physical stimuli into intercellular chemical signals. However, the function of Piezo1 during the mechanotransduction process of PDL cells has rarely been reported. Herein, we established a rat OTM model to study the potential role of Piezo1 during the mechanotransduction process of PDL cells and investigate its effects on the tension side of alveolar bone remodeling. A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: the OTM + inhibitor (INH) group, the OTM group, and the control (CON) group. Nickel-titanium orthodontic springs were applied to trigger tooth movement. Mice were sacrificed on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 after orthodontic movement for the radiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological analyses. Our results revealed that the Piezo1 channel was activated by orthodontic force and mainly expressed in the PDL cells during the whole tooth movement period. The activation of the Piezo1 channel was essential for maintaining the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and facilitation of new alveolar bone formation on the tension side. Reduced osteogenesis-associated transcription factors such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osterix (OSX), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio were examined when the function of Piezo1 was inhibited. In summary, Piezo1 plays a critical role in mediating both the osteogenesis and osteoclastic activities on the tension side during OTM.

scholarly journals Tooth Movement out of the Bony Wall Using Augmented Corticotomy with Nonautogenous Graft Materials for Bone Regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kye-Bok Lee ◽  
Dong-Yeol Lee ◽  
Hyo-Won Ahn ◽  
Seong-Hun Kim ◽  
Eun-Cheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Pressure Side ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Keratinized Tissue ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Angular Change

This prospective randomized split-mouth study was performed to compare the effects of augmented corticotomy with those of different nonautogenous bone graft materials combined with orthodontic tooth movement in dogs. Decortication was performed on the buccal bone surface of 6 male beagle dogs that were randomly assigned to receive grafts of deproteinized bovine bone mineral, irradiated cortical bone, or synthetic bone. Immediate orthodontic force was applied to the second and third premolars for buccal tipping for 6 weeks. The pocket depth and width of keratinized tissue (WKT) were measured. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed. The probing depth, WKT, and ratio of the area of new bone to that of total bone on the buccal side were not significantly different between groups. All groups had considerable new bone formation on the pressure side. New bone formation on the buccal side and buccal plate formation in the coronal direction along the root surfaces were induced by the bone-derived and PDL-derived mesenchymal matrix, respectively. The angular change between groups was significantly different (P< 0.001). Augmented corticotomy using nonautogenous graft materials facilitated tooth movement without fenestrations and accelerated new bone formation on the pressure side.

scholarly journals The Role of RANKL and Involvement of Cementum in Orthodontic Root Resorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7244
Author(s):  
Masaru Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Mishima
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Maxillary Premolars ◽  
Orthodontic Forces

Orthodontic root resorption (ORR) is an unintended side effect of orthodontic treatment, and severe ORR can affect treatment outcome. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) has been detected in the resorbed cementum and periodontal (PDL) tissues exposed to excessive orthodontic forces. Recent studies have demonstrated that PDL cells and cementoblasts express RANKL that may play a role in ORR during orthodontic tooth movement. It is known that the hardness of cementum in human maxillary premolars differs among individuals. Furthermore, this difference has been reported to be attributed to differences in the calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (P) ratio. A correlation was observed between the Vickers hardness and Ca/P ratio of the cementum in the apical region. These findings suggest that cementum hardness and the Ca/P ratio may be indirectly involved in ORR caused by orthodontic forces. In this review, it aims to identify the role of RANKL and involvement of cementum in ORR.

scholarly journals Expression of Wnt10b, β-catenin, Rankl and Runx2 in the Periodontal Tissues During Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Wang ◽  
SiYan Chen ◽  
Miaomiao Zhang ◽  
Kaixin Ji ◽  
Minjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pressure Side ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Rankl Mrna ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Remodeling

Abstract Objectiveto investigate the expression of Wnt10b, Rankl, β-catenin and Runx2 mRNA in periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rats; Materials and methods36 healthy male SD rats were selected and divided into six groups randomly according to the time of the force applied (0 hour, 12 hours, 24 hours, 5 days, 7 days, 14 days), with 6 rats in each group. 0hour group served as the control group. Except for control group, an orthodontic force of 50g was applied to the upper-left first molar with a nickel-titanium tension spring. The expression of Wnt10b, Rankl, β-catenin and Runx2 during OTM were detected by Real-time PCR (RT-PCR). ResultsCompared with the control group, Wnt10b mRNA expression in the pressure side was inhibited at the initial stage, and then increased, reached peak at day 5. A strong expression of Rankl mRNA in the pressure side can be seen from 12 hours to 14 days. The expression level was consistently higher than control group, and it peaked at day 7. The initial expression of β-catenin and Runx2 mRNA in the periodontal tissues of the experimental groups were small in the tension side, but still higher than the control group. The expression increased gradually with the extension of time, and reached the peak at day 7 after force treatment. ConclusionWnt10b, β-catenin, Rankl and Runx2 are related to periodontal tissues remodeling during OTM in rats; Wnt10b/β-catenin signaling pathways participate in periodontal tissue remodeling during OTM.

scholarly journals Collagen synthesis from human PDL cells following orthodontic tooth movement

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bumann ◽  
R. S. Carvalho ◽  
C. L. Schwarzer ◽  
E. H. K. Yen
Keyword(s):  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Human Pdl Cells ◽  
Pdl Cells

scholarly journals The number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement in rats

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Adibah Maulani ◽  
Cendrawasih Andusyana Farmasyanti ◽  
Darmawan Sutantyo
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Pressure Side ◽  
Coil Spring ◽  
Movement Rate ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Tooth Movement Rate ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Background: When moved orthodontically, hypofunctional teeth will have a decreased tooth movement rate compared to normal teeth. This study aimed to determine the number of osteoblasts in the tension side and the number of osteoclasts in the pressure side of the hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. Method: 18 male Wistar rats were given a palatal coil spring application on the maxillary incisors. Rats were divided into two groups, the orthodontic group with normal occlusion (NO) and hypofunctional occlusion (HO). The number of osteoblasts on the tension side and osteoclasts on the pressure side on days zero (D0), five (D5), and 10 (D10) were tested with two-way ANOVA. Observations were made by hematoxylin eosin staining. Result: The results showed that the number of osteoblasts on the tension side of the HO group was the same at the NO group (p> 0.05). The number of osteoblasts on the tension side in the NO and HO groups at D5 was the same at D10 (p = 0.99), but significantly higher (p = 0.002), than D0. The number of osteoclasts on the pressure side in the HO group was significantly lower than the NO group (p <0.05). The number of osteoclasts in the NO D5 group was significantly higher than the other groups (p <0.05). Conclusions: The number of osteoblasts on the tension side was not affected by the hypofunctional state but decreased the number of osteoclasts on the pressure side during orthodontic tooth movement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document