Homogenous Industries and Auditor Specialization: An Indication of Production Economies

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Cairney ◽  
George R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Industry Concentration ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Industry Regulation ◽  
Production Economies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Auditor Specialization ◽  
Industry Homogeneity

In this study, we examine the association between industry homogeneity and auditor specialization. We find a significant association between our proxies for industry homogeneity (change in industry-member operating expenses) and auditor specialization (auditor concentration and auditor focus) after controlling for extent of industry regulation, litigiousness, growth, client-industry concentration, and the number of industry members. The positive relation between our specialist proxies and industry homogeneity indicates that auditors seek additional firms to audit in industries in which members have similar operations. This suggests that auditor specialization provides a cost-based competitive advantage because the cost of developing expertise is spread over more clients. Thus, in contrast to recent criticisms of auditor concentration, specialization results in more efficient audits.

scholarly journals The Impact of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) Practices on the Competitive Advantage of the Jordanian Educational Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1479-1493
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hussein Ahmad Nawafleh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Cost Leadership ◽  
Implementation Rate ◽  
Green Human Resource Management ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The current study aimed to find the impact of GHRM practices in terms of Green selection and recruitment (S&R), training and development (T&D) and rewards system (RS)on the Jordanian educational institutions’ competitive advantage in terms of the differentiation, responsiveness, and the cost leadership in the Jordanian educational institutions. The study sample consisted of 130 respondents from the human resources departments at three universities (Yarmouk University, Jordanian University of Science and Technology, and the Jordanian University). To achieve the study objectives, the researcher designed a questionnaire for data collection. The study revealed that the implementation of GHRM practices have a positive relation to increase the competitive advantage of the educational organizations in Jordan. The results of the study indicated a medium implementation of GHRM practices sub-variables in the educational sector in Jordan. T&D has the highest implementation rate among the sub-variables, then S&R followed by RS.

Economic Aspects of Mustard Cultivation in Lakhimpur Kheri District of Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 520-523
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Ratio ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Cost

The results revealed that on an overall average size of landholding was estimated to be 0.97 ha. The total cultivated area at all categories of sample farms were found to be irrigated. Overall average, cost of cultivation was estimated `27819.43 per ha. The cost of cultivation showed positive relation with size of holding. The cost of cultivation was highest on medium farms (`32549.25) followed by small (`31528.40 and marginal (`29171.74), respectively. Overall average, cost of production was estimated `2446.44 per hectare. On an average input-output ratio on the basis Costs A1/A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 were recorded 1:2.86, 1:2.77, 1:1.91, 1:1.89 and 1:1.46, respectively. On the basis of Cost C2 input-output ratio was highest on marginal farms (1:1.47) followed by small (1:1.44) and medium (1:1.43), respectively. Overall average, net income and gross income were found `9859.33 and 40028.69 per ha, respectively.

Industry Concentration and the Cost of Bank Loans

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoje Jo ◽  
Jay Junghun Lee ◽  
Jong Chool Park
Keyword(s):  
Bank Loans ◽  
Industry Concentration ◽  
The Cost

E-CRM

2010 ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Rosa Llamas-Alonso ◽  
Ana Isabel Jiménez-Zarco
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Customer Relationship Management ◽  
Relationship Management ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Business Philosophy ◽  
Number Of Firms

As competition and the cost of acquiring new customers continue to increase, the need to build and enhance customer relationships has become paramount for businesses. The building of strong customer relationships has been suggested as a means for gaining competitive advantage (Mckenna, 1993) so, in today’s marketplace, a growing number of firms seek to develop profound, close and long-lasting relationships with their customers since it is much more profitable to keep and satisfy current customers than to manage an ever-changing customer portfolio (Reinartz & Kumar, 2003; Ross, 2005; Llamas-Alonso et al. 2009). This one is a consequence of many paradigmatical changes in the marketing field during the past decades, such as a transition from a focus on the product, transactional marketing, acquiring clients (responsive marketing approach) and market share towards a customer centric approach, relationship marketing, two-way communication, retaining customers (proactive and holistic marketing approaches) and share of customer. Thus, in this fastmoving and highly competitive scenario Customer Relationship Management (hereafter referred to as CRM) emerges as a business philosophy devoted to enhance customer relationships and consequently create value for both the company and the customer.

Estimating Maintenance-of-Way Costs for U.S. Railroads After Deregulation

2000 ◽  
Vol 1707 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gregory Bereskin
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Joint Production ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Production Economies ◽  
Total Differential ◽  
Cost Behavior ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Costing System ◽  
The Cost

The movement of freight on railroads, like most transportation services, is subject to a number of restrictions that make costing of specific traffic a complex process. Among these restrictions are conditions of joint production; economies of scale, scope, and density; and a lack of data on specific expenditures as related to individual freight movements. Yet costing of specific movements is a desirable activity for shippers, railroads, and regulatory bodies. Traditionally, movement costing has involved the use of accounting-based allocative costing models such as the Uniform Rail Costing System developed by the Interstate Commerce Commission for use in regulatory hearings. Most econometric studies have aimed at characterizing the underlying economic nature of costs with little or no application to the cost of providing a specific service, and as such they may be of little use in costing specific traffic. Moving beyond the historic econometric costing models’ application of economic analysis, cost behavior is evaluated for a single sector of railroad activity. The process involves four steps. First, a consistent econometric model of total railroad expenditures is developed by applying a translog function within a multidimensional definition of railroad output. Second, the model is decomposed into individual partial-elasticity estimates relative to each of the several related intermediate output measures within the framework of a total differential of the cost function. Next, specific traffic movements are defined relative to the measures of rail output. Finally, the total differential is applied using several simplifying assumptions to yield estimates of incremental (marginal) costs for the specific traffic definition.

scholarly journals Market Structure And Banking Production Economies: Evidence From The 1980s Deregulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Rasoul Rezvanian ◽  
Nanda Rangan ◽  
Richard Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Economies Of Scope ◽  
Translog Cost Function ◽  
Production Economies ◽  
Cost Curves ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

This study examines the changes in the cost structure of banking firms using data from pre and post deregulation periods. A translog cost function is utilized for the analyses of economies of scale and scope. The results indicate that the average cost curves, although U-shaped flattened over time, resulting in an increase in optimal bank size. Economies of scope that existed prior to deregulation appears to be exhausted in a more nonconstrained environment.

Is Market Orientation a Source of Sustainable Competitive Advantage or Simply the Cost of Competing?

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kumar ◽  
Eli Jones ◽  
Rajkumar Venkatesan ◽  
Robert P. Leone
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
The Cost

Competitive Advantage and Student Recruitment at a Namibian University

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Booysen Sabeho Tubulingane
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Student Recruitment ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Business World ◽  
Cost Leadership ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Excellent Teaching ◽  
Leadership Strategy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University

Business competitive advantage theories when applied to student recruitment processes can assist universities in their goal for global competitiveness. Thus, the benefits of applying marketing theories and concepts which have been effective in the business world are gradually being recognised by researchers in the field of higher education marketing. The competitiveness of the university can be defined by how the cost leadership strategy, differentiated strategy, and student recruitment strategy are integrated. Consequently, this study aimed at examining relationships between cost leadership, differentiated strategies, and student recruitment processes at a Namibian university. This triangulated study applied a sample of 141 (135 students, 6 staff). The study established that the university is below average in terms of providing students with affordable tuition fees. The university has a good reputation of providing quality education to students, a good programmatic diversity, and provides (at above average) excellent teaching, research, and services.

Marketing Information System

2017 ◽  
pp. 355-376
Author(s):  
Amir Ekhlassi ◽  
Ehsan Alinaghian
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Market Information ◽  
Marketing Information ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Business Sectors

Increasingly, business leaders are viewing market information not only as an input for making better decisions but also as an important strategic asset. Marketing Information may prove to a business's chief competitive advantage in many business sectors. Competitors can copy each other's products, processes, procedures, and technologies, but they cannot duplicate the marketing information and intellectual capital. Marketing Information System primarily serves the company's marketing and top level managers, but it may also provide information to external partners, such as suppliers, partners, distributors, or marketing services agencies. A good Marketing Information System balances the information users would like to have against what they really need and what is feasible to offer and the cost of obtaining. This chapter explains how a Marketing Information system can be developed in a business? What are the subsystems of a Marketing Information system and their functions?

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