scholarly journals Control in a Teamwork Environment—The Impact of Social Ties on the Effectiveness of Mutual Monitoring Contracts

2003 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy L. Towry
Keyword(s):  
Social Ties ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
The Other ◽  
Incentive System ◽  
Incentive Systems ◽  
Team Identity ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Mutual Monitoring ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This study examines control in a teamwork setting, experimentally investigating two financial incentive systems that have been proposed in the agency-theory-based analytic literature. Both systems rely on mutual monitoring—the ability of team members to observe each other's actions. However, the systems differ on whether team members report observations of their peers' efforts to management (vertical incentive system) or directly control the actions of each other (horizontal incentive system). Findings suggest that the effectiveness of these systems depends on the level of team identity. Specifically, a strong team identity leads to greater coordination. The result is that the effectiveness of a vertical incentive system is degraded by a strong team identity. On the other hand, a horizontal incentive system becomes more effective in the presence of a strong team identity. The results of this study suggest that when the team has achieved a high level of identity, the most effective way to use this information is likely horizontal in nature, delegating responsibility for control to self-managed teams, rather than extracting the information through reporting mechanisms. This study thus helps explain why firms have more readily embraced horizontal incentive systems than vertical incentive systems.

scholarly journals The Impact of Team Identity and Gender on Free-Riding Responses to Fear and Cooperation Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gomez-Ruiz ◽  
María J. Sánchez-Expósito
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Team Identity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Free Ride ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This study explores the interaction effect of team identity and gender on free-riding responses to fear and cooperation sustainability in a social dilemma situation. Based on differences in inequity aversion, risk preferences, and reaction to competition between men and women, we predict that team identity reduces free-riding behaviors among men when they feel fear to be exploited by others teammates that free-ride, but that it does not affect women in this way. Consequently, we also predict that the effect of team identity on cooperation sustainability differs between the two genders. We conducted an experiment in which dominant incentives to free-ride were held constant over 30 periods and where agents had to make a decision between cooperation and free-riding in each period. After each decision, agents received teammates’ contribution and earnings, which facilitates that agents identify whether their team members free-ride. Our findings show no effect for team identity on free-riding response to fear among women. However, team identity affects free-riding response to fear among men, which positively impacts cooperation sustainability.

scholarly journals Extreme Environments and High-Level Bacterial Tellurite Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Maltman ◽  
Vladimir Yurkov
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tellurite Resistance ◽  
Elemental Tellurium ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Reduction ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Resistance

Bacteria have long been known to possess resistance to the highly toxic oxyanion tellurite, most commonly though reduction to elemental tellurium. However, the majority of research has focused on the impact of this compound on microbes, namely E. coli, which have a very low level of resistance. Very little has been done regarding bacteria on the other end of the spectrum, with three to four orders of magnitude greater resistance than E. coli. With more focus on ecologically-friendly methods of pollutant removal, the use of bacteria for tellurite remediation, and possibly recovery, further highlights the importance of better understanding the effect on microbes, and approaches for resistance/reduction. The goal of this review is to compile current research on bacterial tellurite resistance, with a focus on high-level resistance by bacteria inhabiting extreme environments.

scholarly journals The Impact to the Emotional Intelligence Performance of Decks and Capacity Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3026-3029
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

Now a days there are many interpersonal conflict with colleagues in the work environment there may arises a negative sentimental reaction may arises in the team to achieve the goal or to move to the higher position. If the head of the team may want to give some sentimental treatment to the team members he or she want to face the interpersonal conflicts it is also one of the part in their work experience. However the manger can handle the issues and inter personal conflicts may decide the worth of the manager. Rao on the studies he can able to find the working capacity and their performance of the managers the interpersonal conflicts can plays a major role in the bank sector. The managers can be well concentrated in their work and can find out minimum of 15% of interpersonal conflicts which can determines the capacity of the managers. The sentimental prediction can play a major role in the work place how the manger can react to the other workers and how they handing the issues that are arises in the working environment. The face reaction which may shows the how the person can react to others in the any part of situation. The current paper shows how the manger can react to the issue depending on their mode for the arise of interpersonal conflicts

scholarly journals Enhancing Software Development Teams‟ Client Awareness: An Empirical Study of Its Impact on Productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman M. Qahtani
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Business Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
Software Development Teams ◽  
The Impact

In the software industry, a critical factor in a project’s success is raising productivity, and software development teams must always consider its challenges. In today’s competitive industry, the productivity of team members in software development is a serious issue that attracts considerable attention. Studies have been conducted on various aspects of team and individual productivity; however, the literature still refers to a lack of research into the impact of team awareness, observing that it is an essential element of knowledge management in the project’s development life cycle. This study takes up this point and presents an actual software development case study to investigate the impact of increasing knowledge and producing adequate information on clients’ domain and business model on both team productivity and that of each individual member. The study was undertaken with two development teams over one month, each receiving about 300 requirements. One of the teams was given sufficient information on the client’s domain and background in terms of its business model, while the other was given nothing before it went to the client’s workplace, without any knowledge of its domain. The results achieved were statistically significant, showing better productivity among the team with the information, with 261 of 300 requirements completed, whereas the other completed just 107. The findings of this study will help software research to focus both on the aspects of knowledge management that relate to software development and on the correlation between them. The study also supports software development project managers to enhance the value of knowledge when they are delivering training and to equate the time spent spreading knowledge to giving team members adequate information about the clients’ domains and business models. This will be reflected in both the quality and productivity of the entire development process.

Incentive System Design in Creativity-Dependent Firms

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1729-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Grabner
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Incentive System ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Incentive Systems ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Performance Based Pay ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT I empirically investigate the impact of an organization's creativity dependency on the design of its incentive system. In firms for which the primary source of value creation is the creativity of core employees, the designs of incentive systems are particularly challenging. The nature of creative work constrains the feasibility of extrinsic incentives, but at the same time creates a need for them. Accordingly, there is concern that the use of incentives renders people not creative enough, but a lack of incentives makes employees “too creative.” I argue that a solution to this dilemma is the acknowledgment that the decision to use performance-based pay is not made in isolation, but as part of a set of complementary choices. I theoretically argue and empirically show that subjective evaluations of non-task-related performance and performance-based pay are complements in a creativity-dependent setting. I further argue that the intense use of both control mechanisms is the incentive system that best accommodates the control requirements of creativity-dependent firms, and show that the likelihood of choosing this system increases with the creativity dependency.

scholarly journals Examining the Factors Behind the Success and Sustainability of China’s Creative Research Group: An Extension of the Teamwork Quality Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
Cui Huang ◽  
Jun Su ◽  
Qijun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Creative Research ◽  
And Migration ◽  
High Level ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
The Impact

The Creative Research Group (CRG) is the special high-level scientific and innovation team funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to promote basic research at the frontiers of science. In general, there are problems of “structure anomie” and “cooperation inefficiency” in the operations and teamwork dynamics within the nationwide CRG project. By extending and developing the two-stage teamwork quality model, this study aims to depict and analyze the impact factors behind the success and sustainability of the Creative Research Group (SSCRG), and reveal the relationships among them. Herein, rationality of team structure (ROTS) is used to describe the rationality of team formation and structure collocation, teamwork quality (TWQ) is used to describe the process of team members’ integration and cooperation, and SSCRG includes team performance, personal success and team comprehensive impacts. The results show that ROTS and TWQ have different influences on SSCRG, while TWQ is the key mediation factor between ROTS and SSCRG. In summary, the model built describes the complex phenomena and relationships in the teamwork of the CRG, and helps us to understand and solve the problems of structure and cooperation. Although the limitations lie in the specific samples and research methods, the extension and migration of classical models and theories would help to further deepen such research and contribute to the governance and development of such innovation teams.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF DUALITY MANAGERIAL OWNERSHIP AND BOARDS ON IPO VALUE (AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF INDONESIAN FIRMS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Maximus Leonardo Taolin ◽  
Julia Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
The Other ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Managerial Role ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The research aims to find the impact of ownership retention, managerial ownership, and boards on value IPO premium and underpricing. We investigate by using hand collect data 202 IPO prospectuses during 2008-2017 and using Warp PLS 5.0 to compute the data. Our finding suggests that may use to guide the investor in making informed decisions to see the level of the proportion of sharehold by old ownership and management. When the high level of ownership retention and managerial ownership, make the value IPO premium and underpricing will be high. On the other hand duality of the managerial role in firms making the value will be achieved. This paper contributes to the value of IPO premium and underpricing literature when influence by ownership share on initial public offerings  context of emerging markets.Keywords: Ownership retention; Managerial Ownership; Boards; IPO premium; underpricing

Second language English listeners’ relative processing of coherence-based and frequency-based formulas: A corpus-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Yeldham
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Second Language Speakers ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

AbstractThis study investigated L2 English listeners’ processing of formulas, in terms of the impact of two different factors inherent in these formulas. One was the formulas’ level of coherence and the other was the formulas’ level of frequency. High-coherence formulas are considered to have specialized meanings, while high-frequency formulas are considered to be less specialized in meaning, commonly being composed of relatively simple words that often co-occur in speech. In previous research, in an academic context, Ellis, Simpson-Vlach and Maynard (2008. Formulaic language in native and second-language speakers: Psycholinguistics, corpus linguistics, and TESOL. TESOL Quarterly 41. 375–396. doi:10.1002/j.1545-7249.2008.tb00137.x) had found that a high level of coherence was the main factor facilitating L1 users’ receptive processing of formulas, while a high level of frequency was the main factor facilitating advanced L2 users’ receptive processing of formulas. Ellis, Simpson-Vlach and Maynard (2008. Formulaic language in native and second-language speakers: Psycholinguistics, corpus linguistics, and TESOL. TESOL Quarterly 41. 375–396. doi:10.1002/j.1545-7249.2008.tb00137.x), from a usage-based perspective, attributed these differences mainly to the greater length of time the L1 users had spent in learning formulas. Consequently, the current study investigated whether these processing differences between the two user groups in an academic context (seen as a possible developmental trend) would be apparent between proficient and less-proficient L2 listeners in a relatively less-challenging, general English environment. The study was considered important for possibly signaling the types of aural receptive formulas to foreground by L2 general English instructors and materials designers. The research examined two groups of L2 learners, one advanced and the other intermediate level, while they listened to four texts. A paused transcription technique elicited the listeners’ identification of targeted segments from the texts, many of which were classified through corpus analysis as containing more/less-coherent formulas or more/less-frequent formulas. Examination of how these formula types were processed by both proficiency groups, however, did not find major differences between the groups in their processing of the different formula types, and thus little evidence of a possible formula developmental trend.

scholarly journals Lamentation of Ibn Al-Rumi to Abu Al-Husain Yahiya Bin Umar Bin Al Hussein Bin Zaid Bin Ali(May Allah be pleased with him)

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Dr. Sera Tarek Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Life Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
The Status ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

    Lamentations have formed an important theme throughout the successive periods of Arab poetry, especially the Abbasid period, for the multifaceted and humanistic aspects of this original poetic purpose, on the one hand, and because it transcends merely a positive emotional attitude of the elusive and negative people and life on the other. It is also worthy of research and guidance, and it is important to know the importance of human life and its causes. And its poets deserve attention . It was "the son of Rumi" who lived a life filled with oppression and injustice, one of the most prominent poets of this purpose and notify it, and seems to be overlooked as much as the poet and value this was motivated by the Astitharh carefully study a range of modern researchers, led by "Akkad" who Straighten him a complete study titled " son Abrome his life from his hair, "Abdul Hamid good in his study" Ibn Al-Rumi spelling "and other studies that have tried to explore this Mknunat felt Ahaaraly technical and substantive levels. With regard to the purpose of lamentation, the scholars unanimously agreed on the distinction of Ibn al-Rumi in it, and enabled him to know his data, especially the technical ones, but what is taken on these studies interest in certain poems other than the poet in this regard, especially those inherited by his children without paying attention to other poems The poet sang in religious and social figures that had an impact on changing the behavior of the society by diagnosing its shortcomings and standing up against the oppression and oppression practiced by the ruling authority against some of them, especially the "students" who suffered from the marginalization and persecution of power. and supporter of the family of Ali bin AbiTalib ( The poet of the poems, which included the heat of the passion and honesty, and the high level of artistic which provided the poet these characters, especially their hero, "Hussein bin Yahiya ibn Umar bin Zaid bin Ali" In this regard, because it included the sincerity of emotion, and creativity in the embodiment of poetic images coated with verbal templates, the poet's keenness to choose the most beautiful and plush; to fit the status of the lure and the end of the greatness he chose for himself, not a monk in a moral unit that the impact in the poem that included beyond One hundred percent, the visions of the Poet were gathered Life, time, alarm, and patience, which we tried to study, taking the technical and social approaches to uncover the meanings of the poem artistically and objectively    .

Team psychological capital and innovation: the mediating of team exploratory and exploitative learning

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Dinh Tho ◽  
La Anh Duc
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Team Innovation ◽  
Exploitative Learning ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of team psychological capital (PsyCap) on team innovation. The study also examines the mediating role of team learning, including exploratory and exploitative learning, in team innovation. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 272 team leaders of firms in Vietnam was surveyed to validate the measures via confirmatory factor analysis and to test the model and hypotheses using structural equation modeling. Findings The results demonstrate that team PsyCap has a positive effect on team innovation. Further, team exploratory learning mediates the relationship between team PsyCap and team innovation; however, team exploitative learning does not. Although team exploitative learning is explained by team PsyCap, it does not enhance team innovation. Practical implications The study findings suggest that, to enjoy a high level of team exploratory and exploitative learning and innovation, firms should develop team PsyCap. This could be undertaken by implementing leader–subordinate mentoring programs, together with creating a social context that helps in interacting and communicating among team members. Originality/value This study is among the first to examine the role of team PsyCap in team exploratory and exploitative learning and innovation, adding further insight to the literature on innovation at the team level.

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