Pre-Baptismal Instruction and the Administration of Baptism in the Philippines during the Sixteenth Century

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Leddy Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Hernan Cortes ◽  
North And South ◽  
Spiritual Conquest

Magellan’s abortive attempts to introduce baptism among the natives of the island of Cebu during the month of April of 1521 and the more successful efforts of the Spanish missionaries to preach the Gospel following the arrival of the Legazpi-Urdaneta expedition at Cebu on February 13, 1565 occurred during the initial and the culminating chapters respectively of the “spiritual conquest” of those native peoples of America and the Far East who were to enter the orbit of Spanish culture. During April of 1521, as Magellan was transforming himself into a lay missionary, Hernán Cortés was making the final preparations for the siege of Tenochtitlán. Its successful issue on August 13, 1521 laid the foundation not only of the Spanish Empire in the New World, but also it provided the Spaniards with the base of operations from which eventually they could extend their power to the Philippines. It was Cortés’ conquest of the Aztec Confederation in 1521 which enabled the Catholic missionaries of Spain to undertake one of the most extensive expansions in the history of the Christian Church. In 1565 the Spanish Church for its Philippine enterprise was able to draw upon a vast storehouse of missionary experience acquired in both North and South America. Magellan’s apostolic labors, ill-starred and brief though they were, exemplify many of the permanent features of the Spanish missionary enterprise. The Magellan episode also illustrates how his successors after 1565 did in fact profit from the Circumnavigator’s errors of judgment and tactics.

Institutional Transfer: The Beginnings of Insurance in Southeast Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Borscheid ◽  
Niels-Viggo Haueter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Credit Crisis ◽  
The Far East ◽  
America South ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

At the turn of the nineteenth century, modern insurance started to spread from the British Isles around the world. Outside Europe and the European offshoots in North and South America, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, it began to compete with other forms of risk management and often met with stiff opposition on religious and cultural grounds. Insurance arrived in Southeast Asia via British merchants living in India and Canton rather than through agencies of European firms. While the early agency houses in Bengal collapsed in the credit crisis of 1829–1834, the firms established by opium traders residing in Macau and Hong Kong, and advised by insurance experts in London, went on to form the foundations of the insurance industry in the Far East. Until the early twentieth century, they sought to use the techniques of risk management that they had developed in Europe to win Europeans and Americans living in Southeast Asia as clients, along with members of the local population familiar with Western culture.

Some Franciscan Sources in the Archives and Libraries of America

1957 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino G. Canedo
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Franciscan Missions ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

IT is well-known that the Franciscans had a very considerable influence on the history of America. From the days of the conquest up to the present time, their labors have been outstanding in the sphere of American spiritual life by their extensiveness, their intensity, and their brilliance. In the missionary field, Franciscan activity was particularly conspicuous. Up to the end of the sixteenth century, the Franciscan missions were almost as numerous as those of all the rest of the religious orders together; Franciscan primacy was maintained in the seventeenth century, and from 1767 onwards nearly all the missions among the pagans, both in North and South America, remained in their hands, once the Society of Jesus had been suppressed.

The Genus Tachardina (Lacciferidae, Coccidae) in Southern Africa

1935 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Far East ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generic Groups ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Such knowledge as we have of the family Lacciferidae is very largely embodied in an excellent monograph published in 1923 and 1925 by J. C. Chamberlin (Bull. Ent. Res. 14, pp. 147–212 and 16, pp. 31–41). The comparatively speaking limited geographical distribution of the various generic groups is well brought out in this monograph. Thus, for instance, the genera Tachardiella and Austrotachardiella are apparently confined to North and South America, Metatachardia to Ceylon, Austrotachardia to Australia, Tachardia to India and the Far East. Chamberlin further states (p. 149) “ in general it may be said that the species of this group are tropical or sub-tropical, apparently reaching their greatest abundance in regions of limited rainfall.” How far this comparatively limited and well-defined zonal distribution of the various genera will hold good as further material is collected will prove of the greatest interest.

scholarly journals The English in Russia During the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century

1920 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 72-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred Wretts-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The following paper contains the results of an independent study of an episode in the commercial history of this country which has been the subject of some important researches during recent years. The beginnings of mercantile adventure in Russia and other regions of Northern Europe and the Far East have been related by contemporary men of action, most of whose narratives have been carefully edited in the Hakluyt Series; but the political and economic environment of the Muscovy Company itself was still in need of elucidation from contemporary State Papers and other records. Some of these sources have been used by Madame Lubimenko, Dr. A. J. Gerson and Mr. O. T. Williams for special aspects of the subject; but a large mass of material of the first importance has remained untouched.

When the World Laughs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William V. Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Lost In Translation ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Film Comedy

This is a book about the intersection of humor, history, and culture. It explores how film comedy, one of the world’s most popular movie genres, reflects the values and beliefs of those who enjoy its many forms, its most enduring characters and stories, its most entertaining routines and funniest jokes. What people laugh at in Europe, Africa, or the Far East reveals important truths about their differences and common bonds. By investigating their traditions of humor, by paying close attention to the kinds of comedy that cross national boundaries and what gets lost in translation, this study leads us to a deeper understanding of each other and ourselves. Section One begins with a survey of the theories and research that best explain how humor works. It clarifies the varieties of comic forms and styles, identifies the world’s most archetypal figures of fun, and traces the history of mirth from earliest times to today. It also examines the techniques and aesthetics of film comedy: how movies use the world’s rich repertoire of amusing stories, gags, and wit to make us laugh and think. Section Two offers a close look at national and regional trends. It applies the concepts set forth earlier to specific films across a broad spectrum of sub-genres, historical eras, and cultural contexts, providing an insightful comparative study of the world’s great traditions of film comedy.

Fidalgos in the Far East 1550-1770: Fact and Fancy in the History of Macao.

1950 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Engel Sluiter ◽  
C. R. Boxer
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of

ON THE METHODS OF O. N. LOSHAKOV IN TEACHING EASEL PAINTING From his experience at the Vladivostok Art School in 1960–1962

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
A. V. Khairulina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Far East ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Shikotan Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Moscow School ◽  
Art School

The article explores the first pedagogical experience of Academician of the Russian Academy of Arts, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, Professor Oleg Nikolaevich Loshakov in Vladivostok. The work provides a brief overview on the history of the formation of professional arts education in the Far East. Positive influence of Oleg Loshakov — graduate of the Moscow State Academic Art Institute named after V. I. Surikov on improving the quality of the educational process at the Vladivostok Art School is noted. He contributed greatly to the development of fine arts in Primorsky Krai as a teacher and representative of the Moscow School of Painting. Further creative activity of O. N. Loshakov who painted landscapes on Shikotan Island together with a group of young artists that were his first graduates is described. The materials of the article expand the range of ideas about the artist's work in the Far East, and reveal new aspects of his landscape paintings of the 1960s. Special consideration is given to the monumental landscape in the master's work. The relevance of the topic is determined by the lack of materials devoted to the period of O. N. Loshakov's formation as a teacher and artist.

The Journal “Librarian” as a Source on the History of Librarianship in Siberia and the Far East of the Pre-Revolutionary Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Yulija V. Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
History Of ◽  
Informative Content ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The study of the history of librarianship is an urgent task of modern historical and library research. Its solution is possible if a large number of historical sources are identified and analysed. One of them is the pre-revolutionary journal “Librarian”, which differs from other periodicals of that time by its high informative content on the topic. Due to the lack of comprehensive studies of the “Librarian” journal as a historical source, this article for the first time considers this pre-revolutionary professional periodical as a source for studying the history of librarianship in Siberia and the Far East of the pre-revolutionary period. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the informative potential of the “Librarian” journal, which is useful for the reconstruction of the history of librarianship in Siberia and the Far East.The methodological basis of the research is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. The article uses the methods of source studies, comparative and content analysis.The obtained results show that the journal “Librarian” is an important source for studying the history of librarianship in the Siberian-Far Eastern region. It contains numerous interesting facts about the libraries of the region, their structure and functioning, allows us to identify the sources of their financing and quantitative indicators of work, trace their dynamics, replenish the regional bibliography of special literature and restore the names of benefactors, Siberians and Far Easterners — members of the Society of Library Science.This study fully reveals the informative potential of this periodical, expands the idea of periodicals as important historical sources for the study of the history of librarianship of the country as a whole and its various regions. It can be useful in conducting specific historical studies of librarianship of the country of the pre-revolutionary period.

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