The New Postal Money Order System

1952 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Osborne A. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Order System ◽  
Money Order

Money Orders and National Integration, 1864–95

Paper Trails ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 119-139
Author(s):  
Cameron Blevins
Keyword(s):  
Order System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Post Offices ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
The Us ◽  
Money Order ◽  
The 19Th Century

Chapter 6 traces the expansion of the postal money order system between the 1860s and 1890s, a service that allowed people to send small sums of money safely and cheaply through the mail. This chapter offers another counterpoint to assumptions about the inevitable tides of bureaucratization and national integration in the 19th-century West. First, unlike much of the US Post, the money order system was a centralized bureaucracy, managed by a career technocrat named Charles Macdonald. But Macdonald’s efficient management was predicated on limiting its spatial coverage to a relatively small number of western post offices. Second, money orders allowed westerners to conduct long-distance transactions that helped integrate them into a national consumer market. Mapping where the residents of one western town actually sent money orders during the 1890s reveals the unexpected pattern that despite an age of nationalizing forces, their remittances stayed largely within a regional orbit.

An Adjustment of Reference Tracking PID Controllers for a First-order System with a Dead Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Ishimura ◽  
Masayoshi Nakamoto ◽  
Takuya Kinoshita ◽  
Toru Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Dead Time ◽  
Order System ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Reference Tracking ◽  
First Order

Simplified analysis of a stochastic system

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-339
Author(s):  
Vladimír Herles
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Stochastic System ◽  
Additive Noise ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Systematic Difference ◽  
Order System ◽  
Constant Parameter ◽  
Random Parameters ◽  
Simplified Analysis

Contradictious results published by different authors about the dynamics of systems with random parameters have been examined. Statistical analysis of the simple 1st order system proves that the random parameter can cause a systematic difference in the dynamic behavior that cannot be (in general) described by the usual constant-parameter model with the additive noise at the output.

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