Tiwanaku Temples and State Expansion: A Tiwanaku Sunken-Court Temple in Moquegua, Peru

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Central Andes ◽  
Central Control ◽  
The South ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
State Expansion ◽  
South Central ◽  
Titicaca Basin ◽  
Bolivian Altiplano ◽  
Explosive Expansion ◽  
Sunken Court

Until recently, an entrenched view of Tiwanaku expansion in the south-central Andes as a primarily cultic phenomenon precluded discussion of state-built ceremonial facilities outside of Tiwanaku’s immediate hinterland of the Bolivian altiplano. However, recent research in the Tiwanaku periphery has found specialized ceremonial architecture that reflects the solidification of central control and the development of a provincial system. Excavation at the Omo M10 site, in Moquegua, Peru, has exposed the only Tiwanaku sunken-court temple structure and cut-stone architecture known outside of the Titicaca Basin. A reconstruction of the Omo temple complex demonstrates direct parallels with Tiwanaku ceremonial centers of the altiplano in architectural form and ceremonial activities. This suggests that patterns of state-centered ceremony and peripheral administration underwent a dramatic transformation with the explosive expansion of the Tiwanaku state during the period known as Tiwanaku V (A. D. 725–1000).

The Sunken Court Tradition in the South Central Andes

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Abigail Levine
Keyword(s):  
Central Andes ◽  
The South ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Ritual Performance ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
South Central ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Sunken Court

The sunken court or patio represents one of the most enduring and ritually significant architectural forms in Andean prehistory. First created in the 3rd millennium BC, the sunken court was repeatedly reworked over 3500 years by different cultures in the highlands and coast. Perhaps as significant, a number of cultures rejected the court architecture for other monumental forms of political and ritual expression. This chapter examines the sunken court tradition in the central Andes, tracing its development, elaboration, and rejection over space and time. Authors likewise will contextualize this architectural form using theories of political and ritual performance.

scholarly journals Multiethnicity, pluralism, and migration in the south central Andes: An alternate path to state expansion

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (30) ◽  
pp. 9202-9209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Central Andes ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The South ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
State Expansion ◽  
South Central ◽  
Archaic States ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Social Entities

The south central Andes is known as a region of enduring multiethnic diversity, yet it is also the cradle of one the South America’s first successful expansive-state societies. Social structures that encouraged the maintenance of separate identities among coexistent ethnic groups may explain this apparent contradiction. Although the early expansion of the Tiwanaku state (A.D. 600–1000) is often interpreted according to a centralized model derived from Old World precedents, recent archaeological research suggests a reappraisal of the socio-political organization of Tiwanaku civilization, both for the diversity of social entities within its core region and for the multiple agencies behind its wider program of agropastoral colonization. Tiwanaku’s sociopolitical pluralism in both its homeland and colonies tempers some of archaeology’s global assumptions about the predominant role of centralized institutions in archaic states.

Exploring habitat diversity of mid-holocene hunter-gatherers in the South-Central Andes: Multi-proxy analysis of Cruces Core 1 (TC1), Dry Puna of Jujuy, Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 708-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo R. Morales ◽  
Sabrina Bustos ◽  
Brenda I. Oxman ◽  
Malena Pirola ◽  
Pablo Tchilinguirian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
The South ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
South Central

scholarly journals INTERACTUEMOS NOSOTROS TAMBIÉN A PANORAMA OF CERAMIC RESEARCH FROM THE SOUTH-CENTRAL ANDES

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352
Author(s):  
Emily Stovel ◽  
María Beatriz Cremonte ◽  
Vivien G Standen
Keyword(s):  
Central Andes ◽  
The South ◽  
South Central

Yavi-Chicha and the Inka expansion: a petrographic approach

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (342) ◽  
pp. 1261-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Beatriz Cremonte
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
South Central ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
The Social

The social complexities underlying imperial control are manifest in the material culture of everyday life encountered at archaeological sites. The Yavi-Chicha pottery style of the south-central Andes illustrates how local identities continued to be expressed in practices of pottery manufacture during the process of Inka expansion. The Yavi-Chicha style itself masks a number of distinct production processes that can be traced through petrographic analysis and that relate to the different communities by whom it was produced and consumed. The dispersion of pottery fabric types in this region may partly be attributable to the Inka practice of mitmaqkuna, the displacement and relocation of entire subject populations.

Evolution of Large Bedrock Landslides in the South-Central Andes of NW Argentina 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M.Aref ◽  
Bodo Bookhagen ◽  
Manfred R. Strecker
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The South ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
South Central

<p>Deep-seated, slow moving bedrock landslides are significant natural disasters with severe socio-economic repercussions. During the past decades, an acceleration of these hazards has been reported globally due to changes in seasonal freeze-thaw cycles, permafrost thawing, infrastructure development and other anthropogenic sources, changes of precipitation and groundwater levels, and variation in seismic activity. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR) is a powerful tool to map landslides movement from space and the Sentinel 1 C-band radar mission provides a high temporal resolution data source to investigate seasonal and intra-annual changes of landslide behaviour.</p><p>To construct a 2D/3D displacement field, we decompose a combination of different look angles and InSAR ascending and descending tracks of different sensors including Sentinel and ALOS 1 PALSAR data. The ionospheric delay for InSAR observations is estimated with a split range-spectrum technique because significant ionospheric total electron content variation is common in our study area in the Central Andes. Both statistical phase-based and weather model estimation approaches are implemented to minimize the effect of tropospheric signal on InSAR observations.</p><p>Our observations identify several areas with rapid translational slide movements exceeding 5-10 cm/y. Multi-annual and inter-annual behaviour of deformation is extracted through time series analysis and a hierarchical clustering approach is used to identify geographic areas with similar characteristics and rates. We show the wide-spread spatial distribution of unstable hill slopes in the Eastern Cordillera of the south-central Andes, especially at high elevations where field observations are difficult. We identify driving forces to be a combination of pre-existing geologic structures and climatic parameters.</p>

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