The Interpretation of Survey Data: Two Case Studies from the Maya Area

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Hendon
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Survey ◽  
Site Function ◽  
Maya Area ◽  
Regional Settlement

This paper explores certain methodological issues relevant to the interpretation of archaeological data derived from surface survey. Recognizing the significance of survey to the study of regional settlement patterns, I argue that how we classify these data bears directly on our ability to reconstruct the past. Comparison of site typologies created by the Seibal and Copán projects with their excavation results provides a way to evaluate the accuracy of site classifications based on surface features. I discuss the effectiveness of the typologies in capturing variation pertinent to the study of social organization and site function, and consider the importance of variation within sites, within types, and across types not expressed in the typologies to suggest that such elaborate typologies assume a higher degree of data visibility than is generally possible. The analysis underscores the critical role excavation plays in mesoamerican archaeology as a source of data unavailable through survey.

Pottery and Politics: Contextualizing the Classic to Postclassic Transition in Champotón, Campeche

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald D. Ek
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Classic Maya ◽  
The Political ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Maya Lowlands ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regional Settlement ◽  
Economic Ties

The past decades have witnessed major advancements in our understanding of Classic Maya political history, particularly geopolitical dynamics centered on hegemonic states. Yet there has been only halting progress toward historically based archaeological research focusing on the political, social, and economic impacts of political domination and subordination. To address this deficiency, I examine changes in settlement patterns and ceramic sphere affiliation in the Río Champotón drainage within broader historical and geopolitical developments. In this region, the end of the Classic period is characterized by dramatic changes in ceramic links, with a shift from inland-focused traditions to the incorporation within a coastal ceramic sphere—the Canbalam sphere—that linked maritime trade centers between northwest Yucatán and coastal Tabasco. These transitions were embedded within major reorientations in regional settlement patterns and broader geopolitical dynamics centering on the expansion and dissolution of the Kanu’l state, or Snake Dynasty. Following the decline of the Snake Dynasty of Calakmul, communities in central Campeche forged new political and economic ties with emergent centers along the Gulf Coast and the northern Maya Lowlands. The results of this study demonstrate the transformative nature of hegemonic interpolity relationships and highlight the potential for new avenues of conjunctive research combining historical and archaeological data sources.

scholarly journals Situs Permukiman Kuno di Waeyasel Kecamatan Leihitu Barat Maluku Tengah

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Marlyn Salhuteru
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Survey ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
The Hamlet

Situs permukiman kuno yang terdapat di dusun Waeyasel, penduduk setempat menyebutnya Kota Mulu adalah sebuah dataran di antara bukit karang yang cukup terjal. Penduduk di sekitar situs meyakini bahwa Kota Mulu adalah lokasi permukiman masyarakat Waeyasel pada masa lampau. Tim penelitian Balai Arkeologi Ambon melakukan penelitian di situs ini dengan menerapkan metode survei permukaan bertujuan untuk mendata dan mendokumentasikan sebanyak mungkin data arkeologi. Penelitian ini  menghasilkan sejumlah data arkeologi yang berciri megalitik berupa dolmen, sejumlah fragmentaris keramik lokal maupun keramik asing, dan sebuah makam. Sementara dapat disimpulkan bahwa situs kota mulu adalah situs permukiman yang didalamnya juga berlangsung kegiatan sakral sesuai dengan kepercayaan penghuninya, yang dibuktikan dengan keberadaan dolmen sebagai media upacara megalitik. Sedangkan keberadaan makam pada situs ini oleh penduduk sekitar dikatakan merupakan makam dari seorang pesiar agama Islam yang menyebarkan ajaran agama di waeyasel dan sekitarnya. Beliau kemudian meninggal dan dimakamkan di lokasi ini. Site of ancient settlements located in the hamlet Waeyasel, the locals call it the City Mulu is a plateau in between fairly steep cliff. Residents around the site believes that the City Mulu is Waeyasel community settlements in the past. Ambon Archaeological Institute research team conducted research at this site by applying the method of surface survey aims to assess and document the archaeological data as much as possible. This study resulted in a number of archaeological data, characterized by megalithic dolmen form, a number of fragmentary local and foreign ceramics ceramics, and a tomb. While it can be concluded that the site Mulu city is the site of settlements which also takes place in accordance with the trust sacred activity occupants, as evidenced by the presence of megalithic dolmen as a media ceremony. While the existence of the tomb on this site by people around say is the tomb of a cruise Islam spread religion in Waeyasel and surrounding areas. He then died and was buried at this location.

Real or Imagined Confusion in Ethnohistorical Research? A Rejoinder to Thurman

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326
Author(s):  
Charles E. Orser
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Narrow View

Recently, Melburn D. Thurman has argued that my handling of the James Mackay manuscript, an early 19th-century account of Plains native groups, is unsound. Many of Thurman's criticisms, specifically those concerning the date of the document, the details of Mackay's experience on the Missouri River, and the intent of my original article, stem from misrepresentation and misunderstanding. Thurman has refused, for example, to accept that my essay was a test of the document using archaeological data associated with the Arikara. In addition, Thurman portrays a narrow view of the past and a rather unique understanding of ethnohistorical methods. In this response to Thurman, I restate many of the points in my original article and provide an alternative perspective for studying the past.

scholarly journals Small Molecule Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Zhaoyu Chen ◽  
Qinghua Cui ◽  
Michael Caffrey ◽  
Lijun Rong ◽  
Ruikun Du
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Small Molecule Inhibitors ◽  
Virus Entry ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past

Hemagglutinin (HA) plays a critical role during influenza virus receptor binding and subsequent membrane fusion process, thus HA has become a promising drug target. For the past several decades, we and other researchers have discovered a series of HA inhibitors mainly targeting its fusion machinery. In this review, we summarize the advances in HA-targeted development of small molecule inhibitors. Moreover, we discuss the structural basis and mode of action of these inhibitors, and speculate upon future directions toward more potent inhibitors of membrane fusion and potential anti-influenza drugs.

Reply to Skousen and Aiuvalasit: On the Primacy of Archaeological Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-205
Author(s):  
A.J. White ◽  
Samuel E. Munoz ◽  
Sissel Schroeder ◽  
Lora R. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Horseshoe Lake ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses

Skousen and Aiuvalasit critique our article on the post-Mississippian occupation of the Horseshoe Lake watershed (White et al. 2020) along two lines: (1) that our findings are not supported due to a lack of archaeological evidence, and (2) that we do not consider alternative hypotheses in explaining the lake's fecal stanol record. We first respond to the matter of fecal stanol deposition in Horseshoe Lake and then address the larger issue, the primacy of archaeological data in interpreting the past.

The Past Is Prologue: Preserving and Disseminating Archaeological Data Online

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-207
Author(s):  
Edward Schortman ◽  
Ellen E. Bell ◽  
Jenna Nolt ◽  
Patricia Urban
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past

Disorders of Musical Cognition

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Stewart ◽  
Katharina von Kriegstein ◽  
Simone Dalla Bella ◽  
Jason D. Warren ◽  
Timothy D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Musical Cognition ◽  
Musical Listening

This article presents an overview of case studies of acquired disorders of musical listening. Like any cognitive faculty, music is multifaceted, and the identification of the neural basis of any complex faculty must proceed, hand in hand, with an elucidation of its cognitive architecture. The past decade has seen an evolution in the theoretical models of musical processing, allowing the development of theoretically motivated instruments for the systematic evaluation of musical disorders. Such developments have allowed reports of musical disorders to evolve from historical anecdotes to systematic, verifiable accounts that can play a critical role in contributing to our understanding of the cognitive neuroscience of music.

scholarly journals Cultural Transform di Situs Benteng Putri Hijau

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Stanov Purnawibowo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past

AbstractArchaeology not only describing about the past, but also present. The form of cultural transformation process which describe the process of archaeological record disposition in the post-depositoanal factors, one of example form describe from present. Cultural transformation of archaeological record was found in Benteng Putri Hijau site. Precipitation position of archaeological data and stratigraphy can give information about cultural transformation data and contexts remain found in archaeological deposition.

scholarly journals Comparison of Juvenile Feed Protocols on Growth and Spawning in Zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C Frederickson ◽  
Mark D Steinmiller ◽  
Tiffany Rae Blaylock ◽  
Mike E Wisnieski II ◽  
James D Malley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Feeding Protocol ◽  
Spawning Success

Over the past 2 decades, zebrafish, Danio rerio, have become a mainstream laboratory animal model, yet zebrafish husbandrypractices remain far from standardized. Feeding protocols play a critical role in the health, wellbeing, and productivity ofzebrafish laboratories, yet they vary significantly between facilities. In this study, we compared our current feeding protocol for juvenile zebrafish (30 dpf to 75 dpf), a 3:1mixture of fish flake and freeze-dried krill fed twice per day with live artemia twice per day (FKA), to a diet of Gemma Micro 300 fed once per day with live artemia once per day (GMA). Our results showed that juvenile EK wild-type zebrafish fed GMA were longer and heavier than juveniles fed FKA. As compared with FKA-fed juveniles, fish fed GMA as juveniles showed better reproductive performance as measured by spawning success, fertilization rate, and clutch size. As adults, fish from both feeding protocols were acclimated to our standard adult feeding protocol, and the long-term effects of juvenile diet were assessed. At 2 y of age, the groups showed no difference in mortality or fecundity. Reproductive performance is a crucial aspect of zebrafish research, as much of the research focuses on the developing embryo. Here we show that switching juvenile zebrafish from a mixture of flake and krill to Gemma Micro 300 improves reproductive performance, even with fewer feedings of live artemia, thus simplifying husbandry practices.

scholarly journals Guest Editors' Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Vidhya Raveendranathan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
The Past

During the past decade there has been a considerable increase in literature documenting the growth of Indian Ocean port cities. Famously described as the Brides of the Sea, port cities such as Cape Town, Karachi, Bombay (Mumbai), Madras (Chennai), Calcutta, Rangoon, Singapore, and Jakarta were the bridgeheads for the establishment of European dominance. They fostered greater connectivity and intercultural exchanges, and they produced distinctive urban settlement patterns, environments, and social relationships.

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